os: ubuntu 16.04
postgresql: 9.6.8

基础数据

机构tree结构表

postgres=# drop table xxorg;
DROP TABLE
postgres=# create table xxorg(id int8,name varchar(100),parentid int8);
CREATE TABLE
postgres=# insert into xxorg(id,name,parentid)values(1,'总部',0);
 insert into xxorg(id,name,parentid)values(10,'A分公司',1),(20,'B分公司',1);
 insert into xxorg(id,name,parentid)values(100,'AA经营部',10),(110,'AB经营部',10),(200,'BA经营部',20);
 insert into xxorg(id,name,parentid)values(1000,'AAA办事处',100),(2000,'BAA办事处',200);

postgres=# \d
        List of relations
 Schema | Name | Type  |  Owner   
--------+------+-------+----------
 public | xxorg | table | postgres
(1 row)
postgres=#
postgres=#
postgres=# select * from xxorg;
  id  |   name    | parentid 
------+-----------+----------
    1 | 总部      |        0
   10 | A分公司   |        1
   20 | B分公司   |        1
  100 | AA经营部  |       10
  110 | AB经营部  |       10
  200 | BA经营部  |       20
 1000 | AAA办事处 |      100
 2000 | BAA办事处 |      200
(8 rows)

用户机构表

postgres=# create table xxuserorg(userid varchar(100),orgid int8);
CREATE TABLE
postgres=# insert into xxuserorg(userid,orgid)values('user1',1),('user2',10),('user3',100),('user3',110),('user4',2000);
INSERT 0 5
postgres=#
postgres=#
postgres=# select * from xxuserorg;
 userid | orgid 
--------+-------
 user1  |     1
 user2  |    10
 user3  |   100
 user3  |   110
 user4  |  2000
(5 rows)

初步写法

向上递归

postgres=# with recursive tmp0 as
(  
SELECT id,name,parentid
FROM xxorg
where id = 200 --初始化节点
union
SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t1.parentid
FROM xxorg t1,  
     tmp0 t0  
where 1=1
  and t1.id=t0.parentid
)  
SELECT id,name,parentid   
FROM tmp0;  

 id  |   name   | parentid 
-----+----------+----------
 200 | BA经营部 |       20
  20 | B分公司  |        1
   1 | 总部     |        0
(3 rows)
	

向下递归

postgres=# with recursive tmp0 as
(  
SELECT id,name,parentid
FROM xxorg
where id = 200 --初始化节点
union
SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t1.parentid
FROM xxorg t1,  
     tmp0 t0  
where 1=1
  and t1.parentid=t0.id  
)  
SELECT id,name,parentid   
FROM tmp0; 

  id  |   name    | parentid 
------+-----------+----------
  200 | BA经营部  |       20
 2000 | BAA办事处 |      200
(2 rows)	

不管是向上递归还是向下递归，符合需求的数据都筛选出来了，只是没有层级，不太直观。
最好有类似oracle 的 tree 结构的功能。

修改后写法

向上递归 修改后

postgres=# with recursive tmp0(id,name,parentid,path,depth) as
(  
SELECT id,name,parentid,array[id] as path,1 as depth
FROM xxorg
where id in (select orgid from xxuserorg where userid='user2') --初始化节点
union
SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t1.parentid,t1.id||t0.path,t0.depth+1 as depth
FROM xxorg t1,  
     tmp0 t0
where 1=1
  and t1.id=t0.parentid
)  
SELECT id,name,parentid,path,depth   
FROM tmp0
order by depth desc,id
;  

向下递归 修改后

postgres=# with recursive tmp0 as
(  
SELECT id,name,parentid,array[id] as path,1 as depth
FROM xxorg
where id in (select orgid from xxuserorg where userid='user2') --初始化节点
union
SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t1.parentid,t0.path||t1.id,t0.depth+1 as depth
FROM xxorg t1,  
     tmp0 t0  
where 1=1
  and t1.parentid=t0.id  
)  
SELECT id,name,parentid,path,depth    
FROM tmp0
order by depth,id
; 
	

整合后的最终sql

with recursive tmp0(pathid,pathname,depth,id,name,parentid) as (  
    --向上递归
	SELECT array[id]::text[] as pathid,array[name]::text[] as pathname,1 as depth,
	       id,name,parentid
	  FROM xxorg
	 where id in (select orgid from xxuserorg where userid='user1') --初始化节点
	union
	SELECT array[t1.id]::text[]||t0.pathid as pathid,array[t1.name]::text[]||t0.pathname as pathname,t0.depth+1 as depth,
	       t1.id,t1.name,t1.parentid
	  FROM xxorg t1,  
		   tmp0 t0
	 where 1=1
	   and t1.id=t0.parentid
), tmp1 (pathid,pathname,depth,id,name,parentid) as (  
	--向下递归
	SELECT array[id]::text[] as pathid,array[name]::text[] as pathname,1 as depth,
	       id,name,parentid
	  FROM xxorg
	 where id in (select orgid from xxuserorg where userid='user1') --初始化节点
	union
	SELECT t0.pathid||array[t1.id]::text[] as pathid,t0.pathname||array[t1.name]::text[] as pathname,t0.depth+1 as depth,
	       t1.id,t1.name,t1.parentid
	  FROM xxorg t1,  
	  	   tmp1 t0  
	 where 1=1
	   and t1.parentid=t0.id  
), tmp2 as ( 
    --涉及到的所有有权限的机构
	--发现 tmp0、tmp1 的 pathid、pathname、depth都毫无意义，可以考虑去掉
	SELECT id,name,parentid   
	  FROM tmp0
	union 
	SELECT id,name,parentid  
	  FROM tmp1
), tmp3 (pathid,pathname,depth,id,name,parentid) as (
	--再次对过滤出的机构向下递归，构成tree
	SELECT array[id]::text[] as pathid,array[name]::text[] as pathname,1 as depth,
	       id,name,parentid
	  FROM tmp2
	 where parentid = 0 --这里一定要为root节点，否则出错
	union
	SELECT t0.pathid||array[t1.id]::text[] as pathid,t0.pathname||array[t1.name]::text[] as pathname,t0.depth+1 as depth,
	       t1.id,t1.name,t1.parentid
	  FROM tmp2 t1,  
	       tmp3 t0
	 where 1=1
	   and t1.parentid=t0.id
)
select '/'||array_to_string(a0.pathid,'/') as pathid,
       '/'||array_to_string(a0.pathname,'/') as pathname,
	   a0.depth,
       a0.id,a0.name,a0.parentid,
	   lpad(a0.name, 2*a0.depth-1+length(a0.name),' ') as tree_name,
	   --原始维护的机构
	   case when a0.id = a1.orgid then '*' else null end as orgid_original,
	   --该节点的子节点自动继承父权限
	   case when position( a1.prefix_orgid in '/'||array_to_string(pathid,'/')||'/' ) >0 then '+' end as orgid_extend
  from tmp3 a0
       left outer join (select distinct '/'||orgid||'/' as prefix_orgid,orgid
	                      from xxuserorg
						 where 1=1
						   and userid='user1'
						   and orgid is not null ) a1
	                on position( a1.prefix_orgid in '/'||array_to_string(a0.pathid,'/')||'/' ) >0
order by '/'||array_to_string(a0.pathid,'/'),a0.depth  
; 

     pathid     |             pathname             | depth |  id  |   name    | parentid |    tree_name     | orgid_original | orgid_extend 
----------------+----------------------------------+-------+------+-----------+----------+------------------+----------------+--------------
  /1             | /总部                            |     1 |    1 | 总部      |        0 |  总部            | *              | +
 /1/10          | /总部/A分公司                    |     2 |   10 | A分公司   |        1 |    A分公司       |                | +
 /1/10/100      | /总部/A分公司/AA经营部           |     3 |  100 | AA经营部  |       10 |      AA经营部    |                | +
 /1/10/100/1000 | /总部/A分公司/AA经营部/AAA办事处 |     4 | 1000 | AAA办事处 |      100 |        AAA办事处 |                | +
 /1/10/110      | /总部/A分公司/AB经营部           |     3 |  110 | AB经营部  |       10 |      AB经营部    |                | +
 /1/20          | /总部/B分公司                    |     2 |   20 | B分公司   |        1 |    B分公司       |                | +
 /1/20/200      | /总部/B分公司/BA经营部           |     3 |  200 | BA经营部  |       20 |      BA经营部    |                | +
 /1/20/200/2000 | /总部/B分公司/BA经营部/BAA办事处 |     4 | 2000 | BAA办事处 |      200 |        BAA办事处 |                | +
(8 rows)

完美。