参考链接：https://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/cpp/cp3_OOP.html 很适合C++新手创建OOP工程的一些例子和指导

我的编译环境： VS 2010

举一个例子：创建一个书的类和作者的类，每个类中包含相关成员变量和成员函数。具体有什么成员函数和变量，以下程序一看便知：

首先是头文件 - Author.h：

/* Header for the Author class (Author.h) */
#ifndef AUTHOR_H
#define AUTHOR_H

#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Author
{
private:
	string name;
	string email;
	char gender;
public:
	Author(string name, string email, char gender);
	string getName() const;
	string getEmail() const;
	void setEmail(string email);
	char getGendar() const;
	void print() const;
};

#endif

然后创建 Author.cpp 实现各个成员函数：

#include <iostream>
#include "Author.h"

//using namespace std;	//可以省略，因为Author.h中包含了

Author::Author(string name, string email, char gender)
{
	this->name = name;
	setEmail(email);	// Call setter to check for valid email
	if(gender == 'm' || gender == 'f')
	{
		this->gender = gender;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "invalid gender! set to 'u'(unknown)" << endl;
		this->gender = 'u';
	}
}

string Author::getName() const
{
	return name;
}

string Author::getEmail() const
{
	return email;
}

void Author::setEmail(string email)
{
	// Check for valid email. Assume that a valid email contains
	//  a '@' that is not the first nor last character.
	size_t atIndex = email.find('@');
	if(atIndex != string::npos && atIndex != 0 && atIndex != email.length() - 1)
	{
		this->email = email;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "invalid email! set to empty string!" << endl;
		this->email = "	";
	}
}

char Author::getGendar() const
{
	return gender;
}

void Author::print() const
{
	cout << name << "(" << gender << ")" << email << endl;
}

#include <iostream>
#include "Author.h"

//using namespace std;	//可以省略，因为Author.h中包含了

int main()
{
	Author peter("Peter Jones","[email protected]",'m');
	peter.print();
	peter.setEmail("[email protected]");
	peter.print();
	Author paul("Paul Jones","@somewhere.com",'n');
	paul.setEmail("paul@");
	paul.print();
	cout << "Sucessfully!" << endl;

	return 1;
}

编写 Book.h ：

/* Header for the class Book (Book.h) */
#ifndef BOOK_H
#define BOOK_H

#include <string>
#include "Author.h"

class Book
{
private:
	string name;
	Author author;
	double price;
	int qtyInStock;
public:
	Book(string name, Author author, double price, int qtyInStock = 0);
	string getName() const;
	Author getAuthor() const;	// Returns an instance of the class Author
	double getPrice() const;
	void setPrice(double price);
	int getQtyInStock() const;
	void setQtyInStock(int qtyInStock);
	void print() const;
	string getAuthorName() const;
};

#endif

#include <iostream>
#include "Book.h"

Book::Book(string name, Author author, double price, int qtyInStock)
	:name(name), author(author)
{
	setPrice(price);
	setQtyInStock(qtyInStock);
}

string Book::getName() const
{
	return name;
}

double Book::getPrice() const
{
	return price;
}

Author Book::getAuthor() const
{
	return author;
}

void Book::setPrice(double price)
{
	if(price > 0)
	{
		this->price = price;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "price should be positive! set to 0." << endl;
		this->price = 0;
	}
}

int Book::getQtyInStock() const
{
	return qtyInStock;
}

void Book::setQtyInStock(int qtyInStock)
{
	if(qtyInStock > 0)
	{
		this->qtyInStock = qtyInStock;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "qtyInStock cannot be negative! Set to 0." << endl;
		this->qtyInStock = 0;
	}
}

void Book::print() const
{
	cout << "'" << name << "'by";
	author.print();
}

// Return the author' name for this Book
string Book::getAuthorName() const
{
	return author.getName();	// invoke the getName() on instance author
}

#include <iostream>
#include "Book.h"

int main()
{
	Author peter("Peter Jones","[email protected]",'m');
	peter.print();

	Book cppDummy("C++ for Dummies",peter,19.99);
	cppDummy.setQtyInStock(88);

	cout << cppDummy.getQtyInStock() << endl;
	cout << cppDummy.getPrice() << endl;
	cout << cppDummy.getAuthor().getName() << endl;
	cout << cppDummy.getAuthor().getEmail() << endl;
	cout << cppDummy.getAuthor().getGendar() << endl;
	cout << cppDummy.getAuthorName() << endl;

	Book moreCpp("More C++ for Dummies",peter,-199);
	cout << moreCpp.getPrice() << endl;

	return 1;
}