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为了更好地应用XML,就写了这个小项目。
下面是我的项目的目录结构
项目思路
- dao是Date Access Object 数据访问层,主要是负责操作数据
- domain是实体层,类似于bean层,放置项目用到的实体Student
- utils层是有关于XML操作的部分(一般实际开发中是数据库操作部分)
- view层是视图层(实际开发中是GUI层,与用户直接打交道)
- Student.xml在这里相当于我们的一个小小的数据库
dao层设计
按照习惯的命名规则,我命名为StudentDao.java,具体实现的功能有添加学生信息,查找学生信息,删除学生信息。这里仅仅是直接对数据操作的模块,而把底层的操作XML文档的放到了utils中。这也在一定程度上实现了分层的思想,虽然这并不明显,也并不必需!
package dao;import org.w3c.dom.Document;import org.w3c.dom.Element;import org.w3c.dom.Node;import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;import utils.XMLUtils;import domain.Student;public class StudentDao { /** * 添加学生信息模块 * @param student */ public void add(Student student) { try { Document document = XMLUtils.getDocument(); Element student_node = document.createElement("student"); student_node.setAttribute("examid", student.getExamid()); student_node.setAttribute("idcard", student.getIdcard()); Element name = document.createElement("name"); name.setTextContent(student.getName()); Element location = document.createElement("location"); location.setTextContent(student.getLocation()); Element grade = document.createElement("grade"); // 这里是一个类型转换的隐藏之处。不太明显但是却十分的重要 grade.setTextContent(student.getGrade() + ""); // 将新生成的三个子节点插入到student标签内 student_node.appendChild(name); student_node.appendChild(location); student_node.appendChild(grade); // 对总的xml文档中添加一个学生信息 document.getElementsByTagName("exam").item(0) .appendChild(student_node); //将内存中的操作对象写回到xml文件,真正实现对文件的操作 XMLUtils.write2Xml(document); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block throw new RuntimeException(e); } } public void delete(String name) { try { Document document = XMLUtils.getDocument(); NodeList name_node_list = document.getElementsByTagName("name"); for (int i = 0; i < name_node_list.getLength(); i++) { if (name_node_list.item(i).getTextContent().equals(name)) { Element person_node = (Element) name_node_list.item(i) .getParentNode(); Element exam_node = (Element) person_node.getParentNode(); exam_node.removeChild(person_node); //不要忘记将操作过的数据写回,否则原信息是不会发生变化的 XMLUtils.write2Xml(document); System.out.println("恭喜,学生信息删除成功!"); } } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("对不起,删除操作未成功完成!请重试!"); throw new RuntimeException(e); } } /** * 给定学生的考号查找该同学的详细的信息(不用姓名的原因是姓名具有不唯一性) * @param examid * @return */ public Student find(String examid) { Student student=null; try { Document document = XMLUtils.getDocument(); NodeList examid_node_list = document.getElementsByTagName("student"); //查找准考证号与查找值相一致的学生节点 for(int i=0; i<examid_node_list.getLength();i++){ Element examid_element = (Element) examid_node_list.item(i); if(examid_element.getAttribute("examid").equals(examid.toString().trim())){ //采用非递归的方式获取student的详细信息 student = getStudentInfo(examid_element); return student; }else{ continue; } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("对不起,未能正确的找到您要查找的学生的姓名!请确认后重新尝试!"); } return student; } /** * 给定一个节点,采用非递归的方式遍历该学生节点的详细的信息 * 缺点:不能很好地复用代码,代码维护性较差 */ public Student getStudentInfo(Element node){ Student student = new Student(); if(node!=null){ String examid = node.getAttribute("examid"); String idcard = node.getAttribute("idcard"); NodeList node_list = node.getChildNodes(); //由于collection 的不确定性,是随机取出的数据,导致bean中的数据不太对应 Node node_name = node_list.item(1); String name = node_name.getTextContent(); Node node_location = node_list.item(2); String location = node_location.getTextContent(); Node node_grade = node_list.item(0); String grade = node_grade.getTextContent()+"0.0"; //将获取的信息保存到bean中,并作为返回值返回! student.setExamid(examid); student.setGrade(Double.parseDouble(grade)); student.setIdcard(idcard); student.setLocation(location); student.setName(name); return student; } System.out.println("this find operation is false!"); return null; }}
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domain–实体层(bean)
package domain;public class Student {//注意将Student具有的属性设置为私有的成员,然后设置getter,setter来访问 private String idcard; private String examid; private String name; private String location; private double grade; public String getIdcard() { return idcard; } public void setIdcard(String idcard) { this.idcard = idcard; } public String getExamid() { return examid; } public void setExamid(String examid) { this.examid = examid; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getLocation() { return location; } public void setLocation(String location) { this.location = location; } public double getGrade() { return grade; } public void setGrade(double grade) { this.grade = grade; }}
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Utils层充当工具,关联底层操作
package utils;import java.io.File;import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;import org.w3c.dom.Document;public class XMLUtils { //all the utils methods are static public static Document getDocument() throws Exception{ DocumentBuilderFactory factory=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); Document document = builder.parse(new File("src/Student.xml")); return document; } public static void write2Xml(Document document) throws Exception{ TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance(); Transformer transformer=factory.newTransformer(); //wrapper the two arguments DOMSource xmlSource = new DOMSource(document); StreamResult targetResult = new StreamResult(new File("src/Student.xml")); transformer.transform(xmlSource, targetResult);}}
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小感悟:一般来说工具类的方法会做成静态的私有的,这样可以免去创建对象,又能很好的使用到它!
view层(与用户直接交互的模块)
这里仅仅是简单的一些有好的交互,并没有什么复杂的地方
package view;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import dao.StudentDao;import domain.Student;public class Main { public static void main(String []args) throws Exception{ System.out.println("添加学生(a),查找学生(f),删除学生(d)"); System.out.println("请输入操作类型:"); BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); String type = reader.readLine(); if(type.equalsIgnoreCase("a")){ //add student //name examid idcard location grade try{ System.out.println("请输入学生姓名: "); String name = reader.readLine(); System.out.println("请输入学生准考证号: "); String examid = reader.readLine(); System.out.println("请输入学生身份证号: "); String idcard = reader.readLine(); System.out.println("请输入学生所在地: "); String location = reader.readLine(); System.out.println("请输入学生成绩: "); String grade = reader.readLine(); Student student = new Student(); student.setExamid(examid); student.setIdcard(idcard); student.setLocation(location); student.setName(name); student.setGrade(Double.parseDouble(grade)); StudentDao studentDao = new StudentDao(); studentDao.add(student); System.out.println("恭喜:学生信息添加成功!"); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("对不起,学生信息数据添加失败!"); } }else if(type.equalsIgnoreCase("f")){ //find student System.out.println("请输入学生的准考证号"); StudentDao studentDao = new StudentDao(); String examid = reader.readLine(); Student student = studentDao.find(examid); PrintStudentInfo(student); }else if(type.equalsIgnoreCase("d")){ //delete student System.out.println("请输入学生的姓名"); StudentDao studentDao = new StudentDao(); String name = reader.readLine(); studentDao.delete(name); }else{ System.out.println("Not Support!"); } } private static void PrintStudentInfo(Student student) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(student!=null){ System.out.println("学生考号: \t"+student.getExamid()); System.out.println("学生姓名: \t"+student.getName()); System.out.println("学生身份证号码 : \t"+student.getIdcard()); System.out.println("学生所在地: \t"+student.getLocation()); System.out.println("学生成绩: \t"+student.getGrade()); } }}
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处理素材和结果
Student.xml文件示意如下:
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><exam> <student examid="222" idcard="111"> <name>Spring</name> <location>DaLian</location> <grade>89</grade> </student> <student examid="444" idcard="333"> <name>Summer</name> <location>ShangHai</location> <grade>97</grade> </student> <student examid="201492115" idcard="410728"> <name>郭璞</name> <location>大连</location> <grade>89.0</grade> </student> <student examid="123" idcard="1234567"> <name>未命名</name> <location>不知道</location> <grade>0.0</grade> </student></exam>
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操作结果:
添加学生操作
添加学生信息结果
删除学生操作
删除学生结果
查找学生详细信息
总结:
优点:
- 使用了分层思想(虽然有些地方并不是很明显)
- 模块化的操作时的代码逻辑更加的清晰
- 较好的实现了对xml文件的CRUD操作
结合了具体的项目,运用到了相关的知识点
缺点:代码处理上仍旧有很大的重复性
- 设计模式的运用不是很明显
界面有点糟糕
有待改进之处:
使用GUI,rich用户体验
- 底层处理逻辑应更加的精简