一、Tkinter安装

在Python3中安装Tkinter，需要对Python版本进行升级，重新编译即可！！！

1、系统版本及Python版本

[root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.2 (Maipo)

Python版本：2.7.5 

2、Tkinter介绍

（1）简介

• tkinter是由tcl和tk两个部分组成的

• tcl：工具控制语言（Tool Command Language）

• tk：Tcl“图形工具箱”的扩展，它提供各种标准的 GUI 接口项，以利于迅速进行高级应用程序开发

（2）下载地址

• 官网链接：https://wiki.python.org/moin/TkInter/

• 下载地址：https://www.tcl.tk/software/tcltk/download.html

3、tcl和tk安装

（1）安装

[root@server1 ~]# find / -name "*tkinter.so"                ###找不到结果
[root@server1 ~]# wget https://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/tcl/tcl8.6.8-src.tar.gz
[root@server1 ~]# wget https://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/tcl/tk8.6.8-src.tar.gz
[root@server1 ~]# tar xf tcl8.6.8-src.tar.gz 
[root@server1 ~]# cd tcl8.6.8/unix/
[root@server1 unix]# ./configure
[root@server1 unix]# make && make install

[root@server1 ~]# tar xf tk8.6.8-src.tar.gz
[root@server1 ~]# cd tk8.6.8/unix
[root@server1 unix]# ./configure
[root@server1 unix]# make && make install

（2）报错：

In file included from /root/tk8.6.8/unix/../generic/tkPort.h:21:0,
                 from /root/tk8.6.8/unix/../generic/tkInt.h:19,
                 from /root/tk8.6.8/unix/../generic/tkStubLib.c:14:
/root/tk8.6.8/unix/../generic/tk.h:96:25: fatal error: X11/Xlib.h: No such file or directory
 #   include <X11/Xlib.h>

解决方案：

[root@server1 unix]# yum install -y libX11-devel
[root@server1 unix]# make && make install

（3）查看结果

[root@server1 unix]# ll /usr/local/lib|grep tk
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 1545763 Oct 16 10:35 libtk8.6.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    5944 Oct 16 10:35 libtkstub8.6.a
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root    4096 Oct 16 10:35 tk8.6
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    4070 Oct 16 10:35 tkConfig.sh

[root@server1 ~]# yum install -y tcl-devel tk-devel         ###可以发现我们装的是8.5版本8.5.13
[root@server1 ~]# find / -name "libtk*"                     ###/usr/lib64/libtk8.5.so为8.5版本，因此我们的版本为8.5
/root/tk8.6.8/unix/libtkstub8.6.a
/root/tk8.6.8/unix/libtk8.6.so
/usr/lib64/libtk8.5.so
/usr/local/lib/libtk8.6.so
/usr/local/lib/libtkstub8.6.a

二、Python2.7升级为Python3.6

1、下载

• python官网：https://www.python.org/

• 下载地址：https://www.python.org/downloads/

[root@server1 ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.0/Python-3.6.0.tar.xz

2、编译安装

[root@server1 ~]# tar xf Python-3.6.0.tar.xz
[root@server1 Python-3.6.0]# cd Python-3.6.0/
[root@server1 Python-3.6.0]# vim Modules/Setup.dist
###打开下面几项，指定位置即为你系统中真实存在目录，如果只是升级python版本不用进行修改
269 _tkinter _tkinter.c tkappinit.c -DWITH_APPINIT \
271         -L/usr/local/lib \
273         -I/usr/local/include \
298         -lX11
###此项改为我们对应得版本号
288         -ltk8.5 -ltcl8.5 \

[root@server1 Python-3.6.0]# ./configure --with-ssl
[root@server1 Python-3.6.0]# make && make install

3、进行软连接

[root@server1 ~]# which python
/usr/bin/python
[root@server1 ~]# ll /usr/bin/python
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Oct  9 20:36 /usr/bin/python -> python2

[root@server1 ~]# ll /usr/bin/python*
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   22 Oct 16 11:04 /usr/bin/python -> /usr/local/bin/python3
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    9 Oct  9 20:36 /usr/bin/python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7136 Oct 12  2015 /usr/bin/python2.7

[root@server1 Python-3.6.0]# ll /usr/local/bin/python*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        9 Oct 16 11:00 /usr/local/bin/python3 -> python3.6
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12791811 Oct 16 10:59 /usr/local/bin/python3.6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       17 Oct 16 11:00 /usr/local/bin/python3.6-config -> python3.6m-config
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12791811 Oct 16 10:59 /usr/local/bin/python3.6m
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root     3097 Oct 16 11:00 /usr/local/bin/python3.6m-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       16 Oct 16 11:00 /usr/local/bin/python3-config -> python3.6-config

[root@server1 ~]# rm -f /usr/bin/python
[root@server1 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
[root@server1 ~]# python --version
Python 3.6.0

4、yum报错解决

升级后会发现yum无法使用！！！

（1）报错

$ yum  
    File "/usr/bin/yum", line 30    
        except KeyboardInterrupt, e:                            
                                ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

/usr/bin/yum

（2）解决方案

[root@server1 ~]# vim /usr/bin/yum
将第一行"#!/usr/bin/python" 改为 "#!/usr/bin/python2.7"或者"#!/usr/bin/python2"即可，即自己本身的Python版本

5、查看是否Tkinter是否安装成功

[root@server1 ~]# python
Python 3.6.0 (default, Oct 16 2018, 09:27:46) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tkinter

三、xlrd和xlwt安装（Excel插件）

1、下载

• 下载地址：https://pypi.org/project/xlrd/#files

[root@server1 ~]# wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/86/cf/bb010f16cefa8f26ac9329ca033134bcabc7a27f5c3d8de961bacc0f80b3/xlrd-1.1.0.tar.gz
[root@server1 ~]# wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/06/97/56a6f56ce44578a69343449aa5a0d98eefe04085d69da539f3034e2cd5c1/xlwt-1.3.0.tar.gz

2、安装

### xlrd安装
[root@server1 ~]# tar xf xlrd-1.1.0.tar.gz 
[root@server1 ~]# cd xlrd-1.1.0/
[root@server1 xlrd-1.1.0]# python setup.py install

### xlwt安装
[root@server1 ~]# tar xf xlwt-1.3.0.tar.gz 
[root@server1 ~]# cd xlwt-1.3.0/
[root@server1 xlwt-1.3.0]# python setup.py install
[root@server1 xlwt-1.3.0]# python

3、测试

Python 3.6.0 (default, Oct 15 2018, 11:02:27) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import xlrd
>>> import xlwt