方式一：new ArrayList()

 JDK1.8已经优化了，默认构造函数创建的list内部共享空数组，首次插入数据时才会扩容到默认容量；

private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
public ArrayList() {
        this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    }

方式二：new ArrayList(0)

private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
        if (initialCapacity > 0) {
            this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
        } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        }
    }

方式三：Collections.emptyList()（推荐）

 特点：不可变，安全

 /**
     * The empty list (immutable).  This list is serializable.
     *
     * @see #emptyList()
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
    public static final List EMPTY_LIST = new EmptyList<>();

    /**
     * Returns an empty list (immutable).  This list is serializable.
     *
     * <p>This example illustrates the type-safe way to obtain an empty list:
     * <pre>
     *     List&lt;String&gt; s = Collections.emptyList();
     * </pre>
     *
     * @implNote
     * Implementations of this method need not create a separate <tt>List</tt>
     * object for each call.   Using this method is likely to have comparable
     * cost to using the like-named field.  (Unlike this method, the field does
     * not provide type safety.)
     *
     * @param <T> type of elements, if there were any, in the list
     * @return an empty immutable list
     *
     * @see #EMPTY_LIST
     * @since 1.5
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static final <T> List<T> emptyList() {
        return (List<T>) EMPTY_LIST;
    }

    /**
     * @serial include
     */
    private static class EmptyList<E>
        extends AbstractList<E>
        implements RandomAccess, Serializable {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 8842843931221139166L;

        public Iterator<E> iterator() {
            return emptyIterator();
        }
        public ListIterator<E> listIterator() {
            return emptyListIterator();
        }

        public int size() {return 0;}
        public boolean isEmpty() {return true;}

        public boolean contains(Object obj) {return false;}
        public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) { return c.isEmpty(); }

        public Object[] toArray() { return new Object[0]; }

        public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
            if (a.length > 0)
                a[0] = null;
            return a;
        }

        public E get(int index) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index);
        }

        public boolean equals(Object o) {
            return (o instanceof List) && ((List<?>)o).isEmpty();
        }

        public int hashCode() { return 1; }

        @Override
        public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super E> filter) {
            Objects.requireNonNull(filter);
            return false;
        }
        @Override
        public void replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E> operator) {
            Objects.requireNonNull(operator);
        }
        @Override
        public void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) {
        }

        // Override default methods in Collection
        @Override
        public void forEach(Consumer<? super E> action) {
            Objects.requireNonNull(action);
        }

        @Override
        public Spliterator<E> spliterator() { return Spliterators.emptySpliterator(); }

        // Preserves singleton property
        private Object readResolve() {
            return EMPTY_LIST;
        }
    }