邮件基础--Maildir

通常，在邮件服务器上，我们可以到/var/mailbox/Maildir目录中，看到如下内容

[root@mail Maildir]# pwd
/var/vmail/vmail1/itlearning.club/s/y/s/system-2018.11.14.12.08.37/Maildir
[root@mail Maildir]# ll -a
total 76
drwx------ 9 vmail vmail 4096 Nov 19 10:03 .
drwx------ 3 vmail vmail 4096 Nov 14 14:24 ..
drwx------ 2 vmail vmail 4096 Nov 19 10:03 cur
-rw------- 1 vmail vmail    0 Nov 14 14:25 dovecot-acl-list
-rw------- 1 vmail vmail 9288 Nov 19 10:03 dovecot.index.cache
-rw------- 1 vmail vmail 6828 Nov 19 10:03 dovecot.index.log
-rw------- 1 vmail vmail   22 Nov 14 14:33 dovecot.index.thread
-rw------- 1 vmail vmail   96 Nov 14 14:25 dovecot.mailbox.log
-rw------- 1 vmail vmail  426 Nov 19 09:37 dovecot-uidlist
-rw------- 1 vmail vmail    8 Nov 14 14:25 dovecot-uidvalidity
-r--r--r-- 1 vmail vmail    0 Nov 14 14:25 dovecot-uidvalidity.5bec2231
drwx------ 5 vmail vmail 4096 Nov 19 04:58 .Drafts
drwx------ 5 vmail vmail 4096 Nov 15 06:39 .Junk
drwx------ 2 vmail vmail 4096 Nov 19 09:37 new
drwx------ 5 vmail vmail 4096 Nov 19 05:00 .Sent
-rw------- 1 vmail vmail   23 Nov 14 14:25 subscriptions
drwx------ 2 vmail vmail 4096 Nov 19 09:37 tmp
drwx------ 5 vmail vmail 4096 Nov 19 10:03 .Trash

可以看到，4个隐藏文件夹，分别如下：

.Junk
.Sent
.Drafts
.Trash

通过查看目录树状图，发现这四个隐藏文件下面的目录结构和Maildir类似，也是有cur,new,tmp。

[root@mail Maildir]# tree -h
.
├── [4.0K]  cur
│   ├── [2.5K]  1542263844.M217805P4471.mail.itlearning.club,S=2607,W=2668:2,S
│   ├── [2.6K]  1542264895.M115842P5075.mail.itlearning.club,S=2659,W=2721:2,RS
│   ├── [6.2K]  1542264975.M573630P5141.mail.itlearning.club,S=6306,W=6445:2,S
│   ├── [ 14K]  1542265177.M679503P5270.mail.itlearning.club,S=14117,W=14425:2,S
│   └── [4.1K]  1542278684.M662508P23639.mail.itlearning.club,S=4186,W=4255:2,S
├── [   0]  dovecot-acl-list
├── [9.1K]  dovecot.index.cache
├── [6.7K]  dovecot.index.log
├── [  22]  dovecot.index.thread
├── [  96]  dovecot.mailbox.log
├── [ 426]  dovecot-uidlist
├── [   8]  dovecot-uidvalidity
├── [   0]  dovecot-uidvalidity.5bec2231
├── [4.0K]  new
├── [  23]  subscriptions
└── [4.0K]  tmp

3 directories, 14 files
[root@mail Maildir]# man tree
[root@mail Maildir]# tree -ha
.
├── [4.0K]  cur
│   ├── [2.5K]  1542263844.M217805P4471.mail.itlearning.club,S=2607,W=2668:2,S
│   ├── [2.6K]  1542264895.M115842P5075.mail.itlearning.club,S=2659,W=2721:2,RS
│   ├── [6.2K]  1542264975.M573630P5141.mail.itlearning.club,S=6306,W=6445:2,S
│   ├── [ 14K]  1542265177.M679503P5270.mail.itlearning.club,S=14117,W=14425:2,S
│   └── [4.1K]  1542278684.M662508P23639.mail.itlearning.club,S=4186,W=4255:2,S
├── [   0]  dovecot-acl-list
├── [9.1K]  dovecot.index.cache
├── [6.7K]  dovecot.index.log
├── [  22]  dovecot.index.thread
├── [  96]  dovecot.mailbox.log
├── [ 426]  dovecot-uidlist
├── [   8]  dovecot-uidvalidity
├── [   0]  dovecot-uidvalidity.5bec2231
├── [4.0K]  .Drafts
│   ├── [4.0K]  cur
│   ├── [3.4K]  dovecot.index.cache
│   ├── [6.3K]  dovecot.index.log
│   ├── [  52]  dovecot-uidlist
│   ├── [   0]  maildirfolder
│   ├── [4.0K]  new
│   └── [4.0K]  tmp
├── [4.0K]  .Junk
│   ├── [4.0K]  cur
│   ├── [1.0K]  dovecot.index.cache
│   ├── [1.3K]  dovecot.index.log
│   ├── [  51]  dovecot-uidlist
│   ├── [   0]  maildirfolder
│   ├── [4.0K]  new
│   └── [4.0K]  tmp
├── [4.0K]  new
├── [4.0K]  .Sent
│   ├── [4.0K]  cur
│   │   ├── [1.6K]  1542261673.M600069P2947.mail.itlearning.club,S=1673,W=1713:2,S
│   │   ├── [1.4K]  1542261994.M535474P3293.mail.itlearning.club,S=1425,W=1462:2,S
│   │   ├── [2.9K]  1542262194.M400014P2207.mail.itlearning.club,S=2939,W=2996:2,S
│   │   ├── [1.6K]  1542263243.M103832P2170.mail.itlearning.club,S=1683,W=1723:2,S
│   │   ├── [2.7K]  1542264939.M7618P2947.mail.itlearning.club,S=2784,W=2840:2,S
│   │   ├── [2.9K]  1542264996.M851965P4329.mail.itlearning.club,S=2944,W=3001:2,S
│   │   ├── [4.6K]  1542265200.M948881P2207.mail.itlearning.club,S=4721,W=4801:2,S
│   │   ├── [1.4K]  1542592635.M314192P5176.mail.itlearning.club,S=1383,W=1420:2,S
│   │   ├── [2.9K]  1542592830.M498550P5184.mail.itlearning.club,S=2930,W=2986:2,S
│   │   ├── [3.0K]  1542592859.M98005P5622.mail.itlearning.club,S=3025,W=3083:2,S
│   │   ├── [3.0K]  1542599288.M426072P5176.mail.itlearning.club,S=3025,W=3083:2,S
│   │   ├── [3.0K]  1542599662.M701601P5622.mail.itlearning.club,S=3030,W=3088:2,S
│   │   └── [3.0K]  1542599923.M772534P5622.mail.itlearning.club,S=3040,W=3098:2,S
│   ├── [3.5K]  dovecot.index.cache
│   ├── [5.7K]  dovecot.index.log
│   ├── [ 859]  dovecot-uidlist
│   ├── [   0]  maildirfolder
│   ├── [4.0K]  new
│   └── [4.0K]  tmp
├── [  23]  subscriptions
├── [4.0K]  tmp
└── [4.0K]  .Trash
    ├── [4.0K]  cur
    │   └── [2.5K]  1542616668.M136861P7711.mail.itlearning.club,S=2550,W=2609:2,S
    ├── [1.9K]  dovecot.index.cache
    ├── [2.3K]  dovecot.index.log
    ├── [ 113]  dovecot-uidlist
    ├── [   0]  maildirfolder
    ├── [4.0K]  new
    └── [4.0K]  tmp

19 directories, 44 files

邮件文件的名称是如下格式：

1542264895.M115842P5075.mail.itlearning.club,S=2659,W=2721:2,RS

1542264895             --邮件到达时间戳
M115842P5075           --
mail.itlearning.club   --域名
S=2659                 --邮件大小      file size
W=2721                 --RFC822大小    file's RFC822.SIZE
2                      -- "1": Experimental semantics ;"2": Each character after the comma is an independent flag.
RS                     --邮件状态,其他状态见后面内容

"P" (passed):  the user has resent/forwarded/bounced this message to someone else.
"R" (replied): the user has replied to this message.
"S" (seen):    the user has viewed this message, though perhaps he didn't read all the way through it.
"T" (trashed): the user has moved this message to the trash; the trash will be emptied by a later user action.
"D" (draft):   the user considers this message a draft; toggled at user discretion.
"F" (flagged): user-defined flag; toggled at user discretion.

New flags may be defined later. Flags must be stored in ASCII order: e.g., "2,FRS".

参考：

Using maildir format

http://cr.yp.to/proto/maildir.html

Maildir

https://wiki2.dovecot.org/MailboxFormat/Maildir

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