Linux系统启动Oracle数据库报错问题集锦

1、报错：could not open parameter file '/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Dec 17 17:19:08 2018

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'

报错原因：/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/目录下只有init.ora文件

尝试：将init.ora 文件重命名为initorcl.ora

2、报错：the specified ADR Base directory does not exist

重新启动数据库，报如下错误：

SQL> startup
ORA-48108: invalid value given for the diagnostic_dest init.ora parameter
ORA-48140: the specified ADR Base directory does not exist [/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/<ORACLE_BASE>]
ORA-48187: specified directory does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 1

尝试：修改initorcl.ora文件，将diagnostic_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>'一行注释

3、报错：MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

重新启动数据库，报如下错误：

SQL> startup
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

此报错出现原因：/dev/shm小于MEMORY_TARGET的大小，或者是/dev/shm根本就没有挂载

解决方法：

查看已挂载的文件系统

[oracle@localhost ~]$ df -Th
文件系统类型容量已用可用已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda2 ext3 16G 11G 3.9G 74% /
/dev/sda3 ext3 1.6G 37M 1.4G 3% /tmp
/dev/sda1 ext3 99M 12M 83M 13% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 252M 0 252M 0% /dev/shm

可以看到 /dev/shm容量为252M

尝试增加/dev/shm的size，用root用户登陆，在tmpfs一行后面增加,size=1G

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=48d61e51-4412-4e46-abb2-e549858de300 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=b9205e04-060e-4555-8649-c8c5554ced12 swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=1G 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0

重新挂载/dev/shm：

[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/shm
umount: /dev/shm: device is busy.
(In some cases useful info about processes that use
the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))
[root@localhost ~]# fuser -km /dev/shm/
/dev/shm/: 1694m 1708m 1711m 1728m 1745m
[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/shm/
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/shm/

4、报错：Parameter db_recovery_file_dest destination string cannot be translated

重新用Oracle用户登陆，重启数据库，新错误出现：

SQL> startup
ORA-01261: Parameter db_recovery_file_dest destination string cannot be translated
ORA-01262: Stat failed on a file destination directory
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

查看Oracle的初始化文件

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cat /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora

audit_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/admin/orcl/adump'
db_recovery_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/flash_recovery_area'

发现在$ORACLE_BASE目录下并没有上面两个文件夹，用oracle用户创建文件夹，并将<ORACLE_BASE>改为绝对路径，如下：

audit_file_dest='/data/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
db_recovery_file_dest='/data/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

[oracle@localhost ~]# mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin
[oracle@localhost ~]# mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl
[oracle@localhost ~]# mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/adump
[oracle@localhost ~]# mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area

成功启动数据库：

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size 2220200 bytes
Variable Size 616566616 bytes
Database Buffers 444596224 bytes
Redo Buffers 5554176 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

Linux系统启动Oracle数据库报错问题集锦

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