HTTP与HTTPS介绍

HTTP：超文本传输协议，是浏览器与服务器之间的通讯协议；

HTTPS：以安全为目标的HTTP通道，可以简单理解为HTTP的安全升级版；

HTTPS与HTTP的区别

• https协议需要到ca申请证书，一般免费证书很少，需要交费。
• http是超文本传输协议，信息是明文传输，https 则是具有安全性的ssl加密传输协议。
• http和https使用的是完全不同的连接方式，用的端口也不一样，前者是80，后者是443。
• http的连接很简单，是无状态的；HTTPS协议是由SSL+HTTP协议构建的可进行加密传输、身份认证的网络协议，比http协议安全。

Windows下创建https服务器

~ D:\workspace\javascript>express -e  nodejs-https
~ D:\workspace\javascript>cd nodejs-https && npm install

[email protected] node_modules\ejs
[email protected] node_modules\express
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected] ([email protected])
└── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected])

~ D:\workspace\javascript\nodejs-https>git --version
git version 1.8.1.msysgit.1

~ D:\workspace\javascript\nodejs-https>openssl version -a
OpenSSL 0.9.8e 23 Feb 2007
built on: Sat Sep 15 20:34:58 EDT 2007
platform: MSys
options:  bn(64,32) md2(int) rc4(idx,int) des(ptr,risc1,16,long) blowfish(idx)
compiler: gcc -D_WINDLL -DOPENSSL_PIC -DOPENSSL_THREADS  -DDSO_DLFCN -DHAVE_DLFCN_H -DTERMIOS -DL_ENDIAN -D__CYGWIN__ -f
omit-frame-pointer -fnative-struct -O3 -mcpu=pentium -march=i486 -Wall -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_PART_WORDS -DOPENSSL_IA32_SSE2 -
DSHA1_ASM -DMD5_ASM -DRMD160_ASM -DAES_ASM
OPENSSLDIR: "/usr/ssl"

使用openssl生成证书文件

#生成私钥key文件：
~ D:\workspace\javascript\nodejs-https>openssl genrsa -out privatekey.pem 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
...........................++++++
........++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)

#通过私钥生成CSR证书签名
~ D:\workspace\javascript\nodejs-https>openssl req -new -key privatekey.pem -out certrequest.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:Beijing
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Beijing
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:fens.me
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:fens.me
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:Conan Zhang
Email Address []:[email protected]

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:

# 通过私钥和证书签名生成证书文件
~ D:\workspace\javascript\nodejs-https>openssl x509 -req -in certrequest.csr -signkey privatekey.pem -out certificate.pem
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=Beijing/L=Beijing/O=fens.me/OU=fens.me/CN=Conan Zhang/[email protected]
Getting Private key

新生成了3个文件：certificate.pem, certrequest.csr, privatekey.pem

~ D:\workspace\javascript\nodejs-https>ls -l
total 17
-rwx------  1 4294967295 mkpasswd 877 Dec 14 10:53 app.js
-rwx------  1 4294967295 mkpasswd 956 Dec 14 11:22 certificate.pem
-rwx------  1 4294967295 mkpasswd 704 Dec 14 11:21 certrequest.csr
drwx------+ 1 4294967295 mkpasswd   0 Dec 14 11:10 node_modules
-rwx------  1 4294967295 mkpasswd 216 Dec 14 11:03 package.json
-rwx------  1 4294967295 mkpasswd 887 Dec 14 11:20 privatekey.pem
drwx------+ 1 4294967295 mkpasswd   0 Dec 14 10:53 public
drwx------+ 1 4294967295 mkpasswd   0 Dec 14 10:53 routes
drwx------+ 1 4294967295 mkpasswd   0 Dec 14 10:53 views

• privatekey.pem: 私钥
• certrequest.csr: CSR证书签名
• certificate.pem: 证书文件

修改启动文件：app.js

var https = require('https')
    ,fs = require("fs");

var options = {
    key: fs.readFileSync('./privatekey.pem'),
    cert: fs.readFileSync('./certificate.pem')
};

https.createServer(options, app).listen(3011, function () {
    console.log('Https server listening on port ' + 3011);
});

启动服务器

~ D:\workspace\javascript\nodejs-https>node app.js

Express server listening on port 3000
Https server listening on port 3011

Linux下创建HTTPS服务器

~ openssl version -a
OpenSSL 1.0.1 14 Mar 2012
built on: Tue Jun  4 07:26:06 UTC 2013
platform: debian-amd64
options:  bn(64,64) rc4(16x,int) des(idx,cisc,16,int) blowfish(idx)
compiler: cc -fPIC -DOPENSSL_PIC -DZLIB -DOPENSSL_THREADS -D_REENTRANT -DDSO_DLFCN -DHAVE_DLFCN_H -m64 -DL_ENDIAN -DTERMIO -g -O2 -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Wformat-security -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wa,--noexecstack -Wall -DOPENSSL_NO_TLS1_2_CLIENT -DOPENSSL_MAX_TLS1_2_CIPHER_LENGTH=50 -DMD32_REG_T=int -DOPENSSL_IA32_SSE2 -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT5 -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_GF2m -DSHA1_ASM -DSHA256_ASM -DSHA512_ASM -DMD5_ASM -DAES_ASM -DVPAES_ASM -DBSAES_ASM -DWHIRLPOOL_ASM -DGHASH_ASM
OPENSSLDIR: "/usr/lib/ssl"

~ openssl genrsa -out privatekey.pem 1024
~ openssl req -new -key privatekey.pem -out certrequest.csr 
~ openssl x509 -req -in certrequest.csr -signkey privatekey.pem -out certificate.pem

修改文件app.js

var https = require('https')
    ,fs = require("fs");

var options = {
    key: fs.readFileSync('./privatekey.pem'),
    cert: fs.readFileSync('./certificate.pem')
};

https.createServer(options, app).listen(3011, function () {
    console.log('Https server listening on port ' + 3011);
});

启动服务器

~ node app.js

Express server listening on port 3000
Https server listening on port 3011