我们使用 KVM 创建虚拟机后,会在 /etc/libvirt/qemu/ 路径下生成该虚拟机的 xml 配置文件,很多时候,我们会以此 xml 配置为模板,进行修改后来创建新的虚拟机,这样,就需要我们了解该配置文件中各个字段的意思,下面,就对该文件做一说明:
<!-- WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using: virsh edit node1 or other application using the libvirt API. --> <!-- 以下两项可有可无,所以在此注释。 --> <!-- <seclabel>......</seclabel> 驱动安全标签,可删除 <resource>......</resource> 资源设置,可删除 --> <domain type='kvm'> <!--虚拟机类型,此处为 kvm 虚拟机--> <name>node1</name> <!--虚拟机名称--> <uuid>8908d03b-0329-4105-851f-c93fd091e9e9</uuid> <!--个性化设置,也可以自行修改,做虚拟机模板时可以删除--> <memory unit='KiB'>2097152</memory> <!--虚拟机能使用的最大内存,此处为2G,即:2*1024*1024--> <currentMemory unit='KiB'>2097152</currentMemory> <!--在虚拟机中用 free -m 命令可以看见的内存大小,一般与上面的最大内存值设为一样--> <vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu> <!--CPU的数量--> <os> <!--系统引导设备配置,无需手动修改--> <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <!--高级电源管理,无需手动修改--> <acpi/> <apic/> </features> <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'> <!--CUP配置,cpu mode可以写成'host-passthrough',意思是使用真机的CPU--> <model fallback='allow'>Westmere</model> </cpu> <clock offset='utc'> <!--时钟设置,可以设置为localtime--> <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/> <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/> <timer name='hpet' present='no'/> </clock> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <!--虚拟机关机命令--> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <!--虚拟机重启命令--> <on_crash>destroy</on_crash> <!--虚拟机强制重启命令--> <pm> <!--内存及硬盘休眠设置,可删除--> <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/> <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/> </pm> <devices> <!--系统仿真设备,主板驱动类--> <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> <!--仿真设备使用哪个程序来仿真,这里使用qemu-kvm来仿真--> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <!--硬盘配置,需要手动修改,可以通过复制本段来创建新的磁盘--> <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/> <!--磁盘驱动类型--> <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/node1.img'/> <!--磁盘路径设置--> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <!--磁盘盘符设置--> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/> <!--总线地址,下同,可删除--> </disk> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'> <!--USB相关配置,可删除,下同--> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x7'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'> <master startport='0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'> <master startport='2'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x1'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'> <master startport='4'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x2'/> </controller> <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/> <!--PCI设备配置,可删除--> <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/> </controller> <interface type='network'> <!--网卡设置,可复制本段来添加新的网卡--> <mac address='52:54:00:74:1c:9e'/> <!--网卡MAC地址,可删除--> <source network='default'/> <!--指定网卡连接的交换机--> <model type='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> <!--总线地址,可删除--> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <!--串口终端,需要保留,下同--> <target type='isa-serial' port='0'> <model name='isa-serial'/> </target> </serial> <console type='pty'> <target type='serial' port='0'/> </console> <channel type='unix'> <!--虚拟机通讯控制接口--> <target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/> <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/> </channel> <channel type='spicevmc'> <!--图形图像相关配置,可以删除--> <target type='virtio' name='com.redhat.spice.0'/> <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='2'/> <!--串口设备,需要保留串口终端--> </channel> <input type='tablet' bus='usb'> <!--数位板,如笔记本电脑的触摸板等,可删除--> <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/> </input> <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/> <!--鼠标--> <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/> <!--键盘--> <graphics type='spice' autoport='yes'> <!--图形图像显卡相关配置,可以删除--> <listen type='address'/> <image compression='off'/> </graphics> <sound model='ich6'> <!--声卡相关设置,可以删除--> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> </sound> <video> <!--图形图像显卡相关配置,可以删除--> <model type='qxl' ram='65536' vram='65536' vgamem='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/> </video> <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'> <!--设备重定向,可以删除,下同--> <address type='usb' bus='0' port='2'/> </redirdev> <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'> <address type='usb' bus='0' port='3'/> </redirdev> <memballoon model='virtio'> <!--内存气泡,可以动态调整内存--> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/> </memballoon> </devices> </domain>
这里采用源文件注释的方式对字段进行说明,可以是更方便的了解字段意思,各位老铁可直接复制粘贴,修改之后使用。