前言

post请求相对于get请求多一个body部分，body部分常见的数据类型有以下四种（注意是常见的，并不是只有4种）

• application/x-www-form-urlencoded
• application/json
• text/xml
• multipart/form-data

本篇讲xml这种类型的body案例，如何用python去实现

text/xml

1.首先要确定post请求的body部分类型是xml格式，可以用fiddler抓包工具，抓到请求后点开raw。看到body部分格式如下

<?xml version=“1.0” encoding = “UTF-8”?> <COM> <REQ name="上海-悠悠"> <USER_ID>yoyoketang</USER_ID> <COMMODITY_ID>123456</COMMODITY_ID> <SESSION_ID>absbnmasbnfmasbm1213</SESSION_ID> </REQ> </COM>

使用fiddler模拟

1.先不着急去写python代码，先在工具上请求一次，看能不能请求成功，点开fiddler工具上composer菜单

2.将xml数据直接复制到右下方Request Body部分，然后点右上角Execute就能执行了

python实现

1.xml格式的body部分直接写成一个字符串类型就行了，遇到换行的字符串，在后面加个反斜杠

2.body参数用data去接收传入，要是遇到编码问题报错，就对body部分encode下再传入

# coding:utf-8
import requests
url = "http://httpbin.org/post"

# python3字符串换行，在右边加个反斜杠
body = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>' \ '<COM>' \ '<REQ name="上海-悠悠">' \ '<USER_ID>yoyoketang</USER_ID>' \ '<COMMODITY_ID>123456</COMMODITY_ID>' \ '<SESSION_ID>absbnmasbnfmasbm1213</SESSION_ID>' \ '</REQ>' \ '</COM>' # 遇到编码报错时候，对body进行encode r = requests.post(url, data=body.encode("utf-8")) print(r.text)

3.运行结果

{"args":{},"data":"<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding = \"UTF-8\"?><COM><REQ name=\"\u4e0a\u6d77-\u60a0\u60a0\"><USER_ID>yoyoketang</USER_ID><COMMODITY_ID>123456</COMMODITY_ID><SESSION_ID>absbnmasbnfmasbm1213</SESSION_ID></REQ></COM>","files":{},"form":{},"headers":{"Accept":"*/*","Accept-Encoding":"gzip, deflate","Connection":"close","Content-Length":"192","Host":"httpbin.org","User-Agent":"python-requests/2.18.4"},"json":null,"origin":"116.228.224.250","url":"http://httpbin.org/post"}

读xml数据

1.xml格式的数据写到代码里面，不太直观，后期维护也不方便，可以把xml格式数据单独拿出来写到一个文件里，再用open函数去读取

2.新建一个body1_xml文件，写入内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?> <COM> <REQ name="上海-悠悠"> <USER_ID>yoyoketang</USER_ID> <COMMODITY_ID>123456</COMMODITY_ID> <SESSION_ID>absbnmasbnfmasbm1213</SESSION_ID> </REQ> </COM>

3.用open函数去读xml内容

# coding:utf-8
import os

curpath = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)) xmlpath = os.path.join(curpath, "body1_xml") with open(xmlpath, encoding="utf-8") as fp: body = fp.read() # 读取xml文件 print(body)

3.参考代码：

# coding:utf-8
import requests

url = "http://httpbin.org/post"

# xml格式body with open("body1_xml", encoding="utf-8") as fp: body = fp.read() print(body) # 遇到编码报错时候，对body进行encode r = requests.post(url, data=body.encode("utf-8")) print(r.text)