Nginx进行反向代理实现支持长连接操作步骤

前言
  Nginx upstream与后端的连接默认为短连接,通过HTTP/1.0向后端发起连接,并把请求的"Connection" header设为"close"。Nginx与前端的连接默认为长连接,一个用户跟Nginx建立连接之后,通过这个长连接发送多个请求。如果Nginx只是作为reverse proxy的话,可能一个用户连接就需要多个向后端的短连接。如果后端的服务器(源站或是缓存服务器)处理并发连接能力不强的话,就可能导致瓶颈的出现。
  Nginx目前的upstream连接建立和获取的机制如下图。Nginx会在一开始创建connection pool(进程间不共享,可以避免锁),提供给所有向前/后的连接。
在这里插入图片描述
  如果要实现upstream长连接,则每个进程需要另外一个connection pool,里面都是长连接。一旦与后端服务器建立连接,则在当前请求连接结束之后不会立即关闭连接,而是把用完的连接保存在一个keepalive connection pool里面,以后每次需要建立向后连接的时候,只需要从这个连接池里面找,如果找到合适的连接的话,就可以直接来用这个连接,不需要重新创建socket或者发起connect()。这样既省下建立连接时三次握手的时间消耗,又可以避免TCP连接的slow start。如果在keepalive连接池找不到合适的连接,那就按照原来的步骤重新建立连接。假设连接查找时间可以忽略不计,那么这种方法肯定是有益而无害的(当然,需要少量额外的内存)。
在这里插入图片描述
  具体如何来设计这个keepalive connection pool,不同人有不同的选择。比如Nginx目前的第三方模块upstream keepalive(作者Maxim Dounin)使用了一个queue来做。因为upstream的服务器很可能是多个,所以可能当保持的连接数多的时候,查找的时间可能会较长。可以给每个upstream服务器都分配一个pool(queue),缩短查找时间。但是总体来说内存操作很快,影响不会很大。upstream keepalive模块目前只支持memcached,但是可以重用其代码来达到对http upstream的长连接。由于Nginx作者之前没有考虑upstream的长连接,所以在设计上要把http upstream keepalive模块化可能比较难,只能通过手动修改代码来做到。百度收录批量查询
  一个完整的让upstream支持长连接的配置示例如下:
  #user nobody;
  worker_processes 1;
  #error_log logs/error.log;
  #error_log logs/error.log notice;
  #error_log logs/error.log info;
  #pid logs/nginx.pid;
  events {
  worker_connections 1024;
  }
  http {
  include mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  #log_format main '$remote_addr - remoteuser[remote_user [remoteuser[time_local] “KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 14: request" '   #̲ 'status bodybytessent"body_bytes_sent "bodybytessent"http_referer” ’
  # ‘“httpuseragent""http_user_agent" "httpuseragent""http_x_forwarded_for”’;
  #access_log logs/access.log main;
  client_max_body_size 20M;
  client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  sendfile on;
  #tcp_nopush on;
  #keepalive_timeout 0;
  keepalive_timeout 65;
  #gzip on;
  proxy_buffer_size 64k;
  proxy_buffers 32 32k;
  proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  upstream aauCfg_backend {
  server 127.0.0.1:97;
  keepalive 16;
  }
  upstream HFC_backend {
  server 127.0.0.1:8090;
  keepalive 16;
  }
  upstream manager_backend {
  server 127.0.0.1:8095;
  keepalive 16;
  }
  server {
  listen 80;
  server_name localhost;
  #charset koi8-r;
  #access_log logs/host.access.log main;
  root html/tools;
  index index.html index.htm index.php;
  proxy_http_version 1.1;
  proxy_set_header Connection “”;
  proxy_set_header Host $host;
  proxy_set_header X-Real_IP $remote_addr;
  proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  location / {
  if (!-e KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got '#' at position 23: …_filename) {   #̲rewrite ^/(.*) /index.php/KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 11: 1 last;   #̲break;   rewrit… /index.php/KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '}' at position 6: 1;   }̲   }   location… {
  expires max;
  log_not_found off;
  }
  location ^—— /aauCfg/ {
  #proxy_pass http://remoteaddr:97remote_addr:97remoteaddr:97request_uri;
  proxy_pass http://aauCfg_backend;
  }
  location ^—— /HFC/ {
  #proxy_pass http://remoteaddr:8090remote_addr:8090remoteaddr:8090request_uri;
  proxy_pass http://HFC_backend;
  }
  location ^—— /manager/ {
  #proxy_pass http://remoteaddr:8095remote_addr:8095remoteaddr:8095request_uri;
  proxy_pass http://manager_backend;
  }
  #error_page 404 /404.html;
  # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
  #
  error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
  location = /50x.html {
  root html;
  }
  # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
  #
  #location —— .php$ {
  # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
  #}
  # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
  #
  #location —— .php$ {
  # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
  # fastcgi_index index.php;
  # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME documentrootdocument_rootdocumentrootfastcgi_script_name;
  # include fastcgi_params;
  #}
  location —— .php
  {
  fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
  fastcgi_index index.php;
  fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME documentrootdocument_rootdocumentrootfastcgi_script_name;
  include fastcgi.conf;
  include fastcgi_params;
  #定义变量 $path_info ,用于存放pathinfo信息
  set $path_info “”;
  #定义变量 $real_script_name,用于存放真实地址
  set $real_script_name KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 24: …script_name;   #̲如果地址与引号内的正则表达式匹…fastcgi_script_name —— “^(.+?.php)(/.+)$”) {
  #将文件地址赋值给变量 $real_script_name
  set $real_script_name $1;
  #将文件地址后的参数赋值给变量 $path_info
  set $path_info $2;
  }
  #配置fastcgi的一些参数
  fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME documentrootdocument_rootdocumentrootreal_script_name;
  fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $real_script_name;
  fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
  }
  # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache’s document root
  # concurs with nginx’s one
  #
  #location —— /.ht {
  # deny all;
  #}
  }
  # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
  #
  #server {
  # listen 8000;
  # listen somename:8080;
  # server_name somename alias another.alias;
  # location / {
  # root html;
  # index index.html index.htm;
  # }
  #}
  # HTTPS server
  #
  #server {
  # listen 443 ssl;
  # server_name localhost;
  # ssl_certificate cert.pem;
  # ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
  # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
  # ssl_session_timeout 5m;
  # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
  # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
  # location / {
  # root html;
  # index index.html index.htm;
  # }
  #}
  }

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/03ngnntds/p/10391746.html