通过ppa源安装

添加源

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update

检测显卡版本及推荐的驱动

$ ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00001C20sv000017AAsd000039F5bc03sc00i00
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
model    : GP106M [GeForce GTX 1060 Mobile]
driver   : nvidia-driver-390 - third-party free
driver   : nvidia-driver-415 - third-party free recommended
driver   : nvidia-driver-396 - third-party free
driver   : nvidia-driver-410 - third-party free
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin

安装

可以直接安装推荐的驱动或者别的版本，这里用410是因为cuda10.0 需要。

sudo apt install nvidia-410

重启

检测

nvidia-smi


Fri Jan 18 19:19:58 2019       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 410.78       Driver Version: 410.78       CUDA Version: 10.0     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  GeForce GTX 1060    Off  | 00000000:01:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| N/A   54C    P3    17W /  N/A |    366MiB /  6078MiB |      2%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
                                                                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                       GPU Memory |
|  GPU       PID   Type   Process name                             Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|    0      3109      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                           165MiB |
|    0      3510      G   /usr/bin/gnome-shell                         105MiB |
|    0      3972      G   ...uest-channel-token=11444502369567668681    93MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

cuda

CUDA（Compute Unified Device Architecture，统一计算架构[1]）是由NVIDIA所推出的一种集成技术，是该公司对于GPGPU的正式名称。透过这个技术，用户可利用NVIDIA的GeForce 8以后的GPU和较新的Quadro GPU进行计算。亦是首次可以利用GPU作为C-编译器的开发环境。NVIDIA营销的时候，往往将编译器与架构混合推广，造成混乱。实际上，CUDA可以兼容OpenCL或者自家的C-编译器。无论是CUDA C-语言或是OpenCL，指令最终都会被驱动程序转换成PTX代码，交由显示核心计算。

cuda官网。

选择最新的10.0版本，按照如下，选择runfile，下载安装。

1

安装依赖

 sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r) build-essential

sudo dpkg -i  cuda-repo-ubuntu1804-10-0-local-10.0.130-410.48_1.0-1_amd64.deb
# 根据提示添加GPG key
 sudo apt-key add /var/cuda-repo-<version>/7fa2af80.pub

sudo apt update
sudo apt install cuda 

设置环境变量

在~/.bashrc 最后添加：

export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-10.0/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}

 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-10.0/lib64\
 ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}

source ~/.bashrc

测试

cat /proc/driver/nvidia/version

NVRM version: NVIDIA UNIX x86_64 Kernel Module  410.78  Sat Nov 10 22:09:04 CST 2018
GCC version:  gcc version 7.3.0 (Ubuntu 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04) 

编译样例

cp -r /usr/local/cuda-10.0/samples/ ~
cd ~/samples
make 
# 编译完成后
cd bin/x86_64/linux/release/
./deviceQuery
# 输出如下：
./deviceQuery Starting...

 CUDA Device Query (Runtime API) version (CUDART static linking)

Detected 1 CUDA Capable device(s)

Device 0: "GeForce GTX 1060"
  CUDA Driver Version / Runtime Version          10.0 / 10.0
  CUDA Capability Major/Minor version number:    6.1
  Total amount of global memory:                 6078 MBytes (6373572608 bytes)
  (10) Multiprocessors, (128) CUDA Cores/MP:     1280 CUDA Cores
  GPU Max Clock rate:                            1671 MHz (1.67 GHz)
  Memory Clock rate:                             4004 Mhz
  Memory Bus Width:                              192-bit
  L2 Cache Size:                                 1572864 bytes
  Maximum Texture Dimension Size (x,y,z)         1D=(131072), 2D=(131072, 65536), 3D=(16384, 16384, 16384)
  Maximum Layered 1D Texture Size, (num) layers  1D=(32768), 2048 layers
  Maximum Layered 2D Texture Size, (num) layers  2D=(32768, 32768), 2048 layers
  Total amount of constant memory:               65536 bytes
  Total amount of shared memory per block:       49152 bytes
  Total number of registers available per block: 65536
  Warp size:                                     32
  Maximum number of threads per multiprocessor:  2048
  Maximum number of threads per block:           1024
  Max dimension size of a thread block (x,y,z): (1024, 1024, 64)
  Max dimension size of a grid size    (x,y,z): (2147483647, 65535, 65535)
  Maximum memory pitch:                          2147483647 bytes
  Texture alignment:                             512 bytes
  Concurrent copy and kernel execution:          Yes with 2 copy engine(s)
  Run time limit on kernels:                     Yes
  Integrated GPU sharing Host Memory:            No
  Support host page-locked memory mapping:       Yes
  Alignment requirement for Surfaces:            Yes
  Device has ECC support:                        Disabled
  Device supports Unified Addressing (UVA):      Yes
  Device supports Compute Preemption:            Yes
  Supports Cooperative Kernel Launch:            Yes
  Supports MultiDevice Co-op Kernel Launch:      Yes
  Device PCI Domain ID / Bus ID / location ID:   0 / 1 / 0
  Compute Mode:
     < Default (multiple host threads can use ::cudaSetDevice() with device simultaneously) >

deviceQuery, CUDA Driver = CUDART, CUDA Driver Version = 10.0, CUDA Runtime Version = 10.0, NumDevs = 1
Result = PASS

编译完成没有错误，测试也通过的话，基本就没有问题了。