- 什么是difflib? 用来做什么?
difflib为python的标准库模块,无需安装。作用时对比文本之间的差异。
并且支持输出可读性比较强的HTML文档,与LInux下的diff 命令相似。
在版本控制方面非常有用。
2. 符号理解
符号 含义
‘-’ 包含在第一个系列行中,但不包含第二个。
‘+’ 包含在第二个系列行中,但不包含第一个。
’ ’ 两个系列行一致
‘?’ 存在增量差异
‘^’ 存在差异字符
import difflib
text1 = ''' 1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
2. Explicit is better than implicit.
3. Simple is better than complex.
4. Complex is better than complicated.
'''.splitlines(keepends=True)
text2 = ''' 1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
3. Simple is better than complex.
4. Complicated is better than complex.
5. Flat is better than nested.
'''.splitlines(keepends=True)
# 实现linux里面的diff命令的功能;
# d = difflib.Differ()
# print("".join(list(d.compare(text1, text2))))
d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
htmlContent = d.make_file(text1, text2)
with open('doc/diff.html', 'w') as f:
f.write(htmlContent)
注:可以使用浏览器更加清晰的进行比较
两个文件之间进行的比较
import difflib
filename1 = '/etc/passwd'
filename2 = '/tmp/passwd'
with open(filename1) as f1, open(filename2) as f2:
content1 = f1.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
content2 = f2.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
htmlContent = d.make_file(content1, content2)
with open('doc/passwdDiff.html', 'w') as f:
f.write(htmlContent)
import difflib
import sys
if len(sys.argv) != 3:
print("""
Usage: %s 比较的文件1 比较的文件2 [>导出的文件路径 ]
""" %(sys.argv[0]))
else:
filename1 = sys.argv[1]
filename2 = sys.argv[2]
try:
with open(filename1) as f1, open(filename2) as f2:
content1 = f1.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
content2 = f2.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
except Exception as e:
print("比较错误, 错误原因: ", e)
else:
d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
htmlContent = d.make_file(content1, content2)
print(htmlContent)