Linux程序包管理(2)
Centos:yum,dnf
URL:ftp://172.16.0.1/pub/
YUM:yellow dog,yellowdog Update Modifier
文件服务器:
ftp
http
nfs
file
yum客户端:
配置文件:
/etc/yum.conf:为所有仓库提供公共配置
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo:为仓库的指向提供配置
仓库的定义:
[repositoryID]
name=Some name for this repository
baseurl=usr1://path/to/repository/
enabled={1|0}
gpgcheck={1|0}
repo_gpgcheck=
gpgkey=URL
enablegroups=
failovermethod={roundrobin | priority} 随机或优先级
默认为:roundrobin,意为随机挑选
cost:默认为1000,开销越小越优先
yum命令的用法:
yum [options] [command] [package ...]
* install package1 [package2] [...]
* update [package1] [package2] [...]
* update-to [package1] [package2] [...]
* check-update
* upgrade [package1] [package2] [...]
* upgrade-to [package1] [package2] [...]
* distribution-synchronization [package1] [package2] [...]
* remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]
* list [...]
* info [...]
* provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]
* clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]
* makecache
* groupinstall group1 [group2] [...]
* groupupdate group1 [group2] [...]
* grouplist [hidden] [groupwildcard] [...]
* groupremove group1 [group2] [...]
* groupinfo group1 [...]
* search string1 [string2] [...]
* shell [filename]
* resolvedep dep1 [dep2] [...]
* localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use install)
* localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use update)
* reinstall package1 [package2] [...]
* downgrade package1 [package2] [...]
* deplist package1 [package2] [...]
* repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
* version [ all | installed | available | group-* | nogroups* | grouplist |
groupinfo ]
* history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-info|redo|undo|roll-
back|new|sync|stats]
* load-transaction [txfile]
* check
* help [command]
显示仓库列表:
repolist [all | enabled | disabled]
显示程序包:
list
# yum list [all | glob_exp1] [glob_exp2] [...]
# yum list { available | installed | updates } [glob_exp1] [...] #重新安装
安装程序包:
install
install package1 [package2] [...]
reinstall package1 [package2] [...]
升级和降级程序包:
update [package1] [package2] [...]
downgrade package1 [package2] [...] #降级
检查可用升级:
check-update
卸载程序包:
remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]
查看程序包information(信息):
info [...]
查看指定的特性(可以是某文件)是由哪个程序包所提供:
provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]
清理本地缓存:
clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]
构建缓存:
makecache
搜索:
search string1 [string2] [...]
以指定的关键字搜索程序包名及summary信息
查看指定包所依赖的capabilities(所依赖的哪些包;依赖关系分析):
deplist package1 [package2] [...]
查看yum事务历史:
history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-info|redo|undo|roll-
back|new|sync|stats]
安装及升级本地程序包:
localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use install)
localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use update)
包组管理的相关命令:
groupinstall group1 [group2] [...] #安装指定包组
groupupdate group1 [group2] [...]
grouplist [hidden] [groupwildcard] [...] #显示包组
groupremove group1 [group2] [...]
groupinfo group1 [...]
search string1 [string2] [...]
如何使用光盘当作本地yum仓库:
(1)挂载光盘至某目录,例如:/media/cdrom
# mount -r -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
(2)创建配置文件
[centos7]
name=
baseurl=
gpgcheck=
enabled=
yum的命令行选项:
--nogpgcheck:禁止进行 gpg check
-y:自动回答为“yes”
-q:静默模式
--disablerepo=repoid glob:临时禁用此处指定的repo
--enablerepo=repoid glob:临时启用此处指定的repo
--noplugins:禁用所有插件
yum的repo配置文件中可用的变量:
$releasever:当前OS的发行版的主版本号
$arch:平台(架构)
$basearch:基础平台
$YUM0-$YUM9
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releaserver/$basearch/os
创建yum仓库:
createrepo
程序包编译安装:
testapp-VERSION-release.src.rpm --> 安装后,使用rpmbuild命令制作成二进制格式的rpm包,然后再安装
源代码 --> 预处理 --> 编译(gcc) --> 汇编 --> 链接 --> 执行
源代码组织格式:
多文件:文件中的代码之间,很可能存在跨文件依赖关系
c、c++:make (configure --> Makefile.in --> makefile)
java:maven
编译安装三步骤:
./configure:
(1)通过选项传递参数,指定启用特性、安装路径等;执行时会参考用户的指定以及Makefile.in文件生成makefile
(2)检查依赖到的外部环境
make:
根据makefile文件,构建应用程序
make install:
开发工具:
autoconf:生成configure脚本
automake:生成Makefile.in