软件开发的抽象：

1、计算机的抽象；计算机硬件的抽象；操作系统是个中介；

2、语言和设计的抽象；

3、编程思想的抽象；

Abstraction (computer science)

Abstractions may also refer to vehicles, features, or rules of computational systems or programming languages that carry or utilize features of or abstraction itself, such as:

• the process or feature of using data types to perform data abstraction to decouple usage of from working representations of data structures within programs;^[6]
• the concept of procedures, functions, or subroutines which represent a specific way of abstracting of control flow in programs;
• the rules commonly named "abstraction" that generalize expressions using free and bound variables in the various versions of the lambda calculus;^[7][8]
• the usage of S-expressions as an abstraction of data structures and programs in the Lisp programming language;^[9]
• the process of reorganizing common behavior from non-abstract classes into "abstract classes" using inheritance to abstract over sub-classes as seen in the object-oriented C++ and Java programming languages.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction_(computer_science)