C++Primer第五版——习题答案详解(十一)


习题答案目录:https://www.cnblogs.com/Mered1th/p/10485695.html

第12章 动态内存


练习12.1
b1包含4个元素,b2被销毁

练习12.2

#include <string>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include <stdexcept>

class StrBlob
{
public:
    typedef std::vector<std::string>::size_type size_type;
    StrBlob();
    StrBlob(std::initializer_list<std::string> il);
    size_type size() const { return data->size(); }
    bool empty() const { return data->empty(); }
    void push_back(const std::string &t) { data->push_back(t); }
    void pop_back();
    std::string& front();
    std::string& back();
    const std::string& front() const;
    const std::string& back() const;
private:
    std::shared_ptr<std::vector<std::string>> data;
    void check(size_type i, const std::string &msg) const;
};

StrBlob::StrBlob() : data(std::make_shared<std::vector<std::string>>()) {}
StrBlob::StrBlob(std::initializer_list<std::string> il) : data(std::make_shared<std::vector<std::string>>(il)) {}

void StrBlob::check(size_type i, const std::string &msg) const
{
    if (i >= data->size())
        throw std::out_of_range(msg);
}

std::string& StrBlob::front()
{
    check(0, "front on empty StrBlob");
    return data->front();
}

std::string& StrBlob::back()
{
    check(0, "back on empty StrBlob");
    return data->back();
}

const std::string& StrBlob::front() const
{
    check(0, "front on empty StrBlob");
    return data->front();
}

const std::string& StrBlob::back() const
{
    check(0, "back on empty StrBlob");
    return data->back();
}

void StrBlob::pop_back()
{
    check(0, "pop_back on empty StrBlob");
    data->pop_back();
}

练习12.6

#include<vector>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

vector<int> *create_vi() {
    return new std::vector<int>;
}

void push_vi(vector<int> *p) {
    int i;
    while (cin >> i) {
        p->push_back(i);
    }
}

void print_vi(vector<int> *p) {
    for (const auto i : (*p)) {
        cout << i << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
}

int main() {
    auto p = create_vi();
    push_vi(p);
    print_vi(p);
    delete(p);
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

练习12.7

#include<vector>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<memory>

using namespace std;

shared_ptr<vector<int>> create_vi() {
    return make_shared<vector<int>>();
}

void push_vi(shared_ptr<vector<int>> p) {
    int i;
    while (cin >> i) {
        p->push_back(i);
    }
}

void print_vi(shared_ptr<vector<int>> p) {
    for (const auto i : (*p)) {
        cout << i << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
}

int main() {
    auto p = create_vi();
    push_vi(p);
    print_vi(p);
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

练习12.8
有,p的类型被强制转换为bool值,并且new的内存没有delete。

练习12.9
r=q后r所指的内存没有释放,再使用p指针会出错。

练习12.10
正确

练习12.11
离开process时,p指向的内存会被释放,再使用p指针会出现错误。

练习12.12
a.合法,将智能指针赋值给process
b.不合法,shared_ptr初始化内置指针时需要使用直接初始化的形式。
c.不合法,shared_ptr初始化内置指针时需要使用直接初始化的形式。
d.合法。

练习12.13
sp和p指向同一个内存,释放了p所指的内存后,再使用sp调用对象可能会出错。

练习12.14

#include<iostream>
#include<memory>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

struct destination {
    string des;
    destination(string des_) :des(des_) {}
};

struct connection{
    string conn;
    connection(string conn_) :conn(conn_) {}
};

connection connect(destination *des_) {
    cout << "connect to: " << des_->des << endl;
    return connection(des_->des);
}

void disconnect(connection conn_) {
    cout << "disconnect " << conn_.conn << endl;
}

void end_connection(connection *p) { disconnect(*p); }

void f(destination &d) {
    connection c = connect(&d);
    shared_ptr<connection> p(&c, end_connection);  //p接管了内置指针&c所指向的对象的所有权
    cout << "connecting now(" << p.use_count() << ")" << endl;
}

int main() {
    destination des("aa");
    f(des);

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

练习12.15

#include<iostream>
#include<memory>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

struct destination {
    string des;
    destination(string des_) :des(des_) {}
};

struct connection{
    string conn;
    connection(string conn_) :conn(conn_) {}
};

connection connect(destination *des_) {
    cout << "connect to: " << des_->des << endl;
    return connection(des_->des);
}

void disconnect(connection conn_) {
    cout << "disconnect " << conn_.conn << endl;
}

void end_connection(connection *p) { disconnect(*p); }

void f(destination &d) {
    connection c = connect(&d);
    shared_ptr<connection> p(&c, [](connection *p) {disconnect(*p);});  //p接管了内置指针&c所指向的对象的所有权
    cout << "connecting now(" << p.use_count() << ")" << endl;
}

int main() {
    destination des("aa");
    f(des);

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

练习12.16

#include<iostream>
#include<memory>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    unique_ptr<string> p1(new string("Stegosaurus"));
    //unique_ptr<string> p2 = p1;
    //unique_ptr<string> p3(p1);
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

尝试引用已删除的函数

练习12.17

(a)不合法,ix不是new返回的指针

(b)不合法,pi不是new返回的指针

(c)合法

(d)不合法,&ix不是new返回的指针

(e)合法

(f)不合法,必须使用new返回的指针进行初始化,赋值和拷贝的操作也不包含get()方法

练习12.18

release()函数的作用就是放弃对指针指向对象的控制权,但shared_ptr是多对一的关系,其他的智能指针仍然可以删除这个对象,所以这个函数的话对shared_ptr 没意义

练习12.19

class StrBlob
{
public:
    friend class StrBlobPtr;//声明friend
    StrBlobPtr begin();
    StrBlobPtr end();
    StrBlob();//默认构造函数
    StrBlob(initializer_list<string> il):data(make_shared<vector<string>>(il)){}
    StrBlob(string il):data(make_shared<vector<string>> (il)){}
    typedef vector<string>::size_type size_type;//定义类型别名,方便使用
 
    //定义函数,返回大小
    size_type size() const
    {
        return data->size();
    }
    //判断vector<string>是否为空
    bool empty()
    {
        return data->empty();
    }
    //向vector<string>中加入元素
    void pushback(const string &s)
    {
        data->push_back(s);
    }
    //访问函数,应首先调用check()
    string& front()
    {
        check(0,"front on empty StrBlob");
        return data->front();
    }
    string& back()
    {
        check(0,"back on empty StrBlob");
        return data->back();
    }
    void popback()
    {
        check(0,"pop_back on empty StrBlob");
        data->pop_back();
    }
 
private:
    shared_ptr<vector<string>> data;//指向vector<string>的智能指针
    void check(size_type i,const string &msg) const//若访问元素的大小大于data的size,输出错误信息
    {
        if (i > data->size())
        {
            throw out_of_range(msg);//抛出该out_of_range异常,表示不在范围之内
        }
    }
};
 
class StrBlobPtr
{
public:
    StrBlobPtr():curr(0){}//构造函数,将curr设定为0
    StrBlobPtr(StrBlob &a, size_t sz = 0):wptr(a.data),curr(sz){}//构造函数,将StrBlob的智能指针与此类中的weak_ptr绑定
    string& deref() const
    {
        auto p =check(curr,"deference past end");
        return (*p)[curr];
    }
    StrBlobPtr& incr()
    {
        auto p =check(curr,"deference past end");
        ++curr;
        return *this;
    }
private:
    shared_ptr<vector<string>> check(size_t i,const string& msg) const//检查函数,返回一个vector<string>的智能指针
    {
        auto ret = wptr.lock();//检查对象是否还存在
        if(!ret)
        {
            throw runtime_error("未绑定");
        }
        if (i >= ret->size())
        {
            throw out_of_range(msg);
        }
        return ret;
    }
    weak_ptr<vector<string>> wptr;//定义弱智能指针
    size_t curr;//设立游标,表示下标
 
};
 
StrBlobPtr StrBlob::begin()
{
    return StrBlobPtr(*this);
}
StrBlobPtr StrBlob::end()
{
    return StrBlobPtr(*this, data->size());
}

练习12.23

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    const char a[] = "aaa";
    const char b[] = "bbb";
    char *ans = new char[strlen(a) + strlen(b) + 1];
    strcpy(ans, a);
    strcat(ans, b);
    cout << string(ans) << endl;
    delete[] ans;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}
#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    const string a = "aaa";
    const string b = "bbb";
    cout << a + b << endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

练习12.24

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    string s;
    cin >> s;
    char *t = new char[s.size() + 1];
    strcpy(t, s.c_str());
    cout << t << endl;
    delete[] t;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

练习12.25

delete[] pa;

练习12.26

#include<iostream>
#include<memory>
#include<string>    

using namespace std;
int main() {
    allocator<string> alloc;
    auto const p = alloc.allocate(10);
    string s;
    auto q = p;
    while (cin >> s && q != p + 10) {
        alloc.construct(q++, s);
    }
    while (q!=p)
    {
        alloc.destroy(--q);
    }
    alloc.deallocate(p, 100);

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/Mered1th/p/10585550.html