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1. flask-sqlalchemy
a. 下载安装
pip3 install flask-sqlalchemy
b. init__.py
导入并实例化SQLAlchemy
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
db = SQLAlchemy()
注意事项:
- 必须在导入蓝图之前
- 必须导入models.py
c. 初始化
db.init_app(app)
d. 在配置文件中写入配置
# ##### SQLALchemy配置文件 #####
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = "mysql+pymysql://root:[email protected]:3306/db?charset=utf8"
SQLALCHEMY_POOL_SIZE = 10
SQLALCHEMY_MAX_OVERFLOW = 5
e. 创建models.py中的类(对应数据库表)
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column
from sqlalchemy import Integer,String,Text,Date,DateTime
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from twiss import db
class Users(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'users'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(32), index=True, nullable=False)
depart_id = Column(Integer)
f. 生成表(使用app上下文)
from twiss import db,create_app
app = create_app()
app_ctx = app.app_context() # app_ctx = app/g
with app_ctx: # __enter__,通过LocalStack放入Local中
db.create_all() # 调用LocalStack放入Local中获取app,再去app中获取配置
g. 基于ORM对数据库进行操作。
from flask import Blueprint
from twiss import db
from twiss import models
us = Blueprint('us',__name__)
@us.route('/index')
def index():
# 使用SQLAlchemy在数据库中插入一条数据
# db.session.add(models.Users(name='gkate',depart_id=1))
# db.session.commit()
# db.session.remove()
result = db.session.query(models.Users).all()
print(result)
db.session.remove()
return 'Index'
2. flask-script
pip3 install flask-script
功能:
a. 增加 runserver
from twiss import create_app
from flask_script import Manager
app = create_app()
manager = Manager(app)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# app.run()
manager.run()
b. 位置传参
from twiss import create_app
from flask_script import Manager
app = create_app()
manager = Manager(app)
@manager.command
def custom(arg):
"""
自定义命令
python manage.py custom 123
:param arg:
:return:
"""
print(arg)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# app.run()
manager.run()
c. 关键字传参
from twiss import create_app
from flask_script import Manager
app = create_app()
manager = Manager(app)
@manager.option('-n', '--name', dest='name')
@manager.option('-u', '--url', dest='url')
def cmd(name, url):
"""
自定义命令
执行: python manage.py cmd -n twiss -u http://www.gkate.com
:param name:
:param url:
:return:
"""
print(name, url)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# app.run()
manager.run()
3. flask-migrate
pip3 install flask-migrate
依赖:flask-script
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from sansa import create_app
from sansa import db
from flask_script import Manager
from flask_migrate import Migrate, MigrateCommand
app = create_app()
manager = Manager(app)
Migrate(app, db)
"""
# 数据库迁移命名
python manage.py db init
python manage.py db migrate
python manage.py db upgrade
"""
manager.add_command('db', MigrateCommand)
if __name__ == '__main__':
manager.run()
# app.run()
4. 找到项目使用的所有组件和版本。
pip install pipreqs
pipreqs ./ --encoding=utf-8
5. 虚拟环境
pip3 install virtualenv
virtualenv env1 --no-site-packages
activate
deactivate