3D图形在数据分析、数据建模、图形和图像处理等领域中都有着广泛的应用,下面将给大家介绍一下如何在Python中使用 matplotlib进行3D图形的绘制,包括3D散点、3D表面、3D轮廓、3D直线(曲线)以及3D文字等的绘制。
准备工作:
python中绘制3D图形,依旧使用常用的绘图模块matplotlib,但需要安装mpl_toolkits工具包,安装方法如下:windows命令行进入到python安装目录下的Scripts文件夹下,执行: pip install --upgrade matplotlib即可;Linux环境下直接执行该命令。
安装好这个模块后,即可调用mpl_tookits下的mplot3d类进行3D图形的绘制。
下面以实例进行说明。
1、3D表面形状的绘制
![](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13406307-52fcbd48dd26c61d.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
这段代码是绘制一个3D的椭球表面,结果如下:
![](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13406307-77448d66141db956.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
2、3D直线(曲线)的绘制
![](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13406307-7cc26402b2999e39.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
这段代码用于绘制一个螺旋状3D曲线,结果如下:
![](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13406307-f81ec9a7e40e1337.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
3、绘制3D轮廓
![](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13406307-8716561f661c3507.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
绘制结果如下:
![](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13406307-4b519c0027ec5c72.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
4、绘制3D直方图
![](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13406307-50a262b728acc658.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
绘制结果如下:
![](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13406307-4acf91ffef9531c1.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
5、绘制3D网状线
![](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13406307-292c8e6dda47c5e0.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
绘制结果如下:
![](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13406307-3956fd63c08bdf89.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
6、绘制3D三角面片图
![](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13406307-cb05bc093bff122d.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
绘制结果如下:
![](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13406307-26643461b520ea99.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
7、绘制3D散点图
![](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13406307-001093a7d84a8c0a.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
绘制结果如下:
![](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13406307-e748c82fe2432ab8.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)