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这里只是简单保存一下Teradata的语法树，希望能对新手有所帮助。
- Insert
[NONTEMPORAL | temporal_validtime_qualifier] INS[ERT] [INTO] tablename
{ (expr [..., expr]) }
{ }
{ [(columnname [..., columnname])] VALUES (expr [..., expr]) }
{ }
{ DEFAULT VALUES } ;
{ }
{ [(columnname [..., columnname])] subquery }
{ [HASH BY {expression [... , expression] | RANDOM}] }
{ [LOCAL ORDER BY order_spec_list] }
[error_logging_option] }
[normalize_option]
where
error_logging_option is
[LOGGING [ALL] ERRORS [error_limit_option]]
error_limit_option is
WITH { NO LIMIT | LIMIT of <number> }
temporal_validtime_qualifier is one of the following:
CURRENT VALIDTIME
[SEQUENCED] VALIDTIME [<period value expression>]
NONSEQUENCED VALIDTIME
normalize_option is one of the following:
WITH NORMALIZE
WITH NORMALIZE ON MEETS [AND OVERLAPS]
WITH NORMALIZE ON OVERLAPS [AND MEETS]
order_spec_list is
order_spec [ASC | DESC] [NULLS FIRST|LAST]
[..., order_spec [ASC | DESC] [NULLS FIRST|LAST]]
order_spec is
{expression | VALIDTIME | temporal_fnc}
- update
[temporal_validtime_qualifier | NONTEMPORAL]
UPD[ATE] tablename [ [AS] aname ]
[ FROM tname [as_of_clause][ [AS] aname]
[for_portition_of]
[... ,tname [as_of_clause][ [AS] aname ] ] ]
[for_portition_of]
{ columnname }
SET { } = expr
{ structUDTcolname . attributename [... . attributename ] }
{ columnname }
[ ... , { } = expr ]
{ structUDTcolname . attributename [... . attributename ] }
[ WHERE condition ]
[ ] ;
[ ALL ]
OR UPSERT Form:
[validtime_qualifier] UPD[ATE] tablename [ [AS] aname]
{ columnname }
SET { } = expr
{ structUDTcolname . attributename [... . attributename ] }
{ columnname }
[ ... , { } = expr ]
{ structUDTcolname . attributename [... . attributename ] }
WHERE UPSERT-condition
ELSE INS[ERT] [INTO] tablename
{ [VALUES] (expr, [ ... ,expr]) }
{ (columnname [ ...,columnname]) VALUES (expr [ ... ,expr]) } ;
The UPSERT-condition must fully specify the primary index with
equality constraint.
where temporal_validtime_qualifier is any one of the option below,
CURRENT VALIDTIME
[SEQUENCED] VALIDTIME [<period value expression>]
NONSEQUENCED VALIDTIME
where validtime_qualifier is any one of the option below,
CURRENT VALIDTIME
[ SEQUENCED ] VALIDTIME [ period of applicability ]
NONSEQUENCED VALIDTIME
where for_portition_of is: FOR PORTION OF derivedpd_column_name FROM date_exp
TO date_exp
For temporal_qualifier enter help 'temporal qualifier'.
- delete
DELETE - Basic Form
[ temporal_validtime_qualifier | NONTEMPORAL ]
[ WHERE condition ]
DEL[ETE] FROM tablename [as_of_clause] [ [as] name]] [ ] ;
[for_portition_of]
[ ALL ]
DELETE - With Implied Join
[ temporal_validtime_qualifier | NONTEMPORAL ]
DEL[ETE] del_tname FROM tname [as_of_clause] [ [AS] aname ]
[... , tname [as_of_clause] [ [AS] aname ]
[WHERE condition ]
[ ] ;
[ALL ]
where temporal_validtime_qualifier is any one of the options below,
CURRENT VALIDTIME
[SEQUENCED] VALIDTIME [<period value expression>]
NONSEQUENCED VALIDTIME
where for_portition_of is: FOR PORTION OF derivedpd_column_name FROM date_exp
TO date_exp
For as_of_clause enter help 'temporal as of'.
- merge
[validtime_qualifier] MERGE [INTO] tablename [ [AS] aname ]
{ VALUES (expr [...,expr]) }
USING { } [AS] source_tname (cname, [...,cname])
{ ( subquery ) }
ON match-condition
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPD[ATE] SET cname = expr [...,cname = expr]
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
{ [VALUES] (expr [...,expr]) }
INS[ERT] { }
{ (cname [...,cname]) VALUES (expr [...,expr]) }
[LOGGING [ALL] ERRORS [error_limit_option]] ;
Where error_limit_option is
{ NO LIMIT }
[WITH { }]
{ LIMIT OF <number> }
where:
The match-condition must fully specify the primary index of the
target table with equality constraints.
Either the WHEN MATCHED or the WHEN NOT MATCHED clause may be
omitted as long as the other clause of the pair is present.
where validtime_qualifier is any one of the options below,
CURRENT VALIDTIME
[ SEQUENCED ] VALIDTIME [ period of applicability ]
NONSEQUENCED VALIDTIME
- alter table
[NONTEMPORAL] ALTER TABLE [databasename.]tablename [, option [..., option]]
{ data_type_declaration [data_type_attributes] [INTO cname] }
{ data_type_attributes }
{ compress_option }
{ NO COMPRESS }
{ }
[ ADD cname { { UNIQUE } } ]
{ [CONSTRAINT name] { PRIMARY KEY } }
{ { CHECK (boolean_condition) } }
{ { references_option } }
{ NULL }
{ security_constraint_column_declaration }
[ ADD ( cname data_type_declaration [data_type_attributes]
[..., cname data_type_declaration [data_type_attributes]] ) INTO cname ]
[ ADD [COLUMN | ROW] ( cname data_type_declaration [data_type_attributes]
[..., cname data_type_declaration [data_type_attributes]] )
[[NO] AUTO COMPRESS] ]
[ ADD [COLUMN | ROW | SYSTEM] ( cname ) [[NO] AUTO COMPRESS] ]
[ ADD table_period_definition
[ADD [COLUMN] { data_type_declaration [data_type_attributes]}
ADD [COLUMN] { data_type_declaration [data_type_attributes]]]
[ ADD normalize_option_definition]
[ ADD SYSTEM VERSIONING]
[ DROP NORMALIZE]
[ DROP cname ]
[ DROP SYSTEM VERSIONING]
[ RENAME cname {AS | TO} cname ]
[ DROP cname IDENTITY ]
[ DROP period_specification]
[ {ADD|DROP} [CONSTRAINT name] FOREIGN KEY (cname [..., cname[, PERIOD cname]])
references_option ]
[DROP INCONSISTENT REFERENCES]
[ADD [cname | CONSTRAINT name] [time_opt] CHECK (boolean_condition) ]
[DROP [cname | CONSTRAINT name] CHECK ]
[MODIFY [cname | CONSTRAINT name] CHECK (boolean_condition) ]
[DROP CONSTRAINT name ]
[ADD [CONSTRAINT name] [time_opt] [UNIQUE | PRIMARY KEY] (cname [..., cname]) ]
[ ADD [CONSTRAINT name] [time_opt] [UNIQUE | PRIMARY KEY] cname [..., cname[
( WITHOUT OVERLAPS]]) ]
[ RELEASE [ DELETED ] ROWS [ AND RESET LOAD IDENTITY ] ];
[ MODIFY [[NOT] UNIQUE] [NO] [PRIMARY [AMP] [INDEX]] [index_name | NOT NAMED]
[(primary_index_column_list)]
[ NOT PARTITIONED
| new_partitioning [WITH {DELETE | INSERT [INTO] save_table}]
| alter_partitioning_expression [..., alter_partitioning_expression]
[WITH {DELETE | INSERT [INTO] save_table}] ] ] ;
[ REVALIDATE PRIMARY [INDEX] [WITH {DELETE | INSERT [INTO] save_table}] ] ;
[ TO CURRENT [WITH {DELETE | INSERT [INTO] save_table}] ] ;
[ {SET | RESET} DOWN ] ;
[ FROM TIME ZONE = { [ sign] quotestring }, [TIMEDATEWZCONTROL = tdwzctrl_opt]
[, WITH TIME ZONE]] ;
where
For data_type_declaration, enter: HELP 'data_type declarations';
For data_type_attributes, enter: HELP 'data_type attributes';
compress_option is one of the following:
[ COMPRESS [NULL | constant | ({NULL | constant} [..., {NULL | constant}])]
[COMPRESS USING [dbname.]udfname DECOMPRESS USING [dbname.]udfname]]
Note: COMPRESS, COMPRESS USING, DECOMPRESS USING can be mentioned in any order.
normalize_option_definition is
NORMALIZE [ALL BUT (cname [..., cname])] ON cname [ON MEETS [OR OVERLAPS]|
ON OVERLAPS [OR MEETS]]
references_option is
REFERENCES [WITH [NO] CHECK OPTION] tname [(cname [..., cname])]
new_partitioning is one of the following:
PARTITION BY {general_expression |
partitioning_expression |
column_partitioning}
PARTITION BY ( column_partitioning
[, partitioning_expresion [..., partitioning_expression]] )
PARTITION BY ( partitioning_expression [..., partitioning_expression]
[, column_partitioning
[, partitioning_expression [..., partitioning_expression]]] )
general_expression is an expression that is not a RANGE_N or CASE_N function
after removing any enclosing parentheses.
partitioning_expression is one of the following:
range_n_expression [ADD integer]
case_n_expression [ADD integer]
range_n_expression is expression that is a RANGE_N function after removing
any enclosing parentheses.
CASE_n_expression is expression that is a CASE_N function after removing any
enclosing parentheses.
column_partitioning is
COLUMN [ [NO] AUTO COMPRESS]
[ [ALL BUT] ( column_partition [..., column_partition] ) ]
[ADD integer]
column_partition is
[ROW|COLUMN] {cname | (cname [..., cname])} [NO AUTO COMPRESS]
alter__partitioning_expression is one of the following:
DROP RANGE[#Ln] {WHERE partition_conditional_expression | alter_ranges}
[ADD RANGE[#Ln] alter_ranges]
ADD RANGE[#Ln] alter_ranges
alter_ranges is one the following:
BETWEEN range [..., range] [, NO RANGE [OR UNKNOWN]] [, UNKNOWN]
NO RANGE [OR UNKNOWN]] [, UNKNOWN]
UNKNOWN
range is range_value [AND range_value] [EACH range_size_value]
range_value is {value_expression | *}
range_size_value is value_expression
Notes: partition_conditional_expression must only reference the system-derived
column PARTITION#Ln (for the corresponding level) or PARTITION (if only one
level) from the table being altered; subqueries are not allowed in the
conditions. Specifying both OR UNKNOWN and UNKNOWN is not allowed.
security_constraint_column_declaration is
security-constraint-name CONSTRAINT
... [ , security-constraint-name CONSTRAINT]
table_period_definition is
{PERIOD FOR {derived_pd_cname} (cname, cname)}
{SYSTEM_TIME }
period_specification is
{PERIOD FOR {derived_pd_cname}}
{SYSTEM_TIME }
option is one of the following (options may be listed in any order):
[NO] FALLBACK [PROTECTION]
[NO ]
[ ] [BEFORE] JOURNAL
[DUAL]
[NO ]
[DUAL ]
[ ] AFTER JOURNAL
[LOCAL ]
[NOT LOCAL]
WITH JOURNAL TABLE = [databasename.]tablename
CHECKSUM = {DEFAULT | NONE | LOW | MEDIUM | HIGH | ALL | ON | OFF}
[IMMEDIATE]
{ DEFAULT FREESPACE }
{ }
{ FREESPACE = integer [PERCENT] }
{ DATABLOCKSIZE = {integer | float} [BYTES | KBYTES | KILOBYTES] }
{ }[IMMEDIATE]
{ [MINIMUM | MAXIMUM | DEFAULT] DATABLOCKSIZE }
{ MERGEBLOCKRATIO = integer [PERCENT] }
{ DEFAULT MERGEBLOCKRATIO }
{ NO MERGEBLOCKRATIO }
[WITH [NO] { [CONCURRENT] ISOLATED LOADING } for_dml_level_opt ]
for_dml_level_opt is
[ FOR { INSERT | ALL | NONE } ]
time_opt is is one of the following:
CURRENT VALIDTIME [ AND CURRENT TRANSACTIONTIME ]
[ SEQUENCED | NONSEQUENCED] VALIDTIME [ AND CURRENT TRANSACTIONTIME ]
CURRENT TRANSACTIONTIME [ AND CURRENT VALIDTIME ]
CURRENT TRANSACTIONTIME [ AND [ SEQUENCED | NONSEQUENCED] VALIDTIME ]
- ALL Key words
DBS SQL COMMANDS:
ABORT ALTER CONSTRAINT
ALTER FUNCTION ALTER METHOD
ALTER PROCEDURE ALTER REPLICATION GROUP ALTER TABLE
ALTER TRIGGER ALTER TYPE ALTER ZONE
BEGIN LOGGING BEGIN QUERY LOGGING BEGIN TRANSACTION
CALL CHECKPOINT COLLECT DEMOGRAPHICS
COLLECT STATISTICS COMMENT COMMIT
CREATE AUTHORIZATION CREATE CAST CREATE CONSTRAINT
CREATE DATABASE CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GLOP SET CREATE HASH INDEX CREATE INDEX
CREATE JOIN INDEX CREATE MACRO CREATE METHOD
CREATE ORDERING CREATE PROCEDURE CREATE PROFILE
CREATE REPLICATION GROUP CREATE REPLICATION RULESET
CREATE ROLE CREATE TABLE CREATE TRANSFORM
CREATE TRIGGER CREATE TYPE CREATE USER
CREATE VIEW CREATE ZONE DATABASE
DELETE DELETE DATABASE DELETE USER
DROP AUTHORIZATION DROP CAST DROP CONSTRAINT
DROP DATABASE DROP FUNCTION
DROP GLOP SET DROP INDEX DROP JOIN INDEX
DROP MACRO DROP METHOD DROP ORDERING
DROP PROCEDURE DROP PROFILE DROP REPLICATION GROUP
DROP REPLICATION RULESET DROP ROLE
DROP STATISTICS DROP TABLE DROP TRANSFORM
DROP TRIGGER DROP TYPE DROP VIEW
DROP ZONE
DUMP EXPLAIN ECHO END LOGGING
END QUERY LOGGING END TRANSACTION EXECUTE
EXPLAIN FLUSH QUERY LOGGING GIVE
GRANT GRANT LOGON HELP
HELP STATISTICS INITIATE INDEX ANALYSIS INITIATE PARTITION
ANALYSIS INSERT INSERT EXPLAIN LOCKING
MODIFY DATABASE MERGE MODIFY PROFILE
NEW MODIFY USER RENAME
REPLACE CAST REPLACE AUTHORIZATION REPLACE FUNCTION
REPLACE METHOD REPLACE MACRO REPLACE ORDERING
REPLACE TRANSFORM REPLACE PROCEDURE REPLACE QUERY LOGGING
REPLACE REPLICATION RULESET REPLACE TRIGGER
RESTART INDEX ANALYSIS REPLACE VIEW REVOKE
ROLLBACK REVOKE LOGON SELECT
SET SESSION SET ROLE SHOW
UPDATE SHOW DML USING
SHOW STATISTICS BEGIN QUERY CAPTURE END QUERY CAPTURE
CREATE FOREIGN SERVER DROP FOREIGN SERVER ALTER FOREIGN SERVER
DBS SQL FUNCTIONS:
ABS ADD_MONTHS ACOS
ACOSH ARRAY_TO_JSON ASCII
ASIN ASINH ATAN
ATANH ATAN2 AVERAGE
BEGIN BSON_CHECK
BYTES CAST
CASE_N CHAR_LENGTH CHAR2HEXINT
CHARACTERS CHR CONTAINS
COS COSH COUNT
CORR COVAR_POP COVAR_SAMP
CSUM DECODE EDITDISTANCE
EMPTY_BLOB EMPTY_CLOB END
EXP EXTRACT FLOOR
FORMAT FROM_BYTES GEOMETRYTOROWS
GREATEST
HASHAMP HASHBAKAMP HASHBUCKET
HASHROW INDEX INITCAP
INSTR INTERVAL JSON_Agg
JSON_Check JSON_Compose JSONGETVALUE
JSON_KEYS JSONMETADATA JSON_Table
KURTOSIS LENGTH LN
LOG LOWER LAST
LAST_DAY LEAST LPAD
LTRIM LEFT
MAVG MAXIMUM
MCHARACTERS MDIFF MEETS
MINDEX MINIMUM MLINREG
MONTHS_BETWEEN MSUBSTR MSUM
NAMED NEXT NEXT_DAY
NGRAM
NPATH NULLIFZERO NUMTODSINTERVAL
NUMTOYMINTERVAL NVL NVL2
NVP NVP2JSON OADD_MONTHS
OCTET_LENGTH
OREPLACE OTRANSLATE P_INTERSECT
P_NORMALIZE PERCENT_RANK POSITION
POWER PRECEDES PRIOR
QUANTILE RANDOM RANGE_N
RANK RDIFF REGEXP_INSTR
REGEXP_REPLACE REGEXP_SIMILAR REGEXP_SUBSTR
REGR_AVGX REGR_AVGY REGR_COUNT
REGR_INTERCEPT REGR_R2 REGR_SLOPE
REGR_SXX REGR_SXY REGR_SYY
ROUND ROW_NUMBER RPAD
RTRIM REVERSE RIGHT
SIGN SIN
SINH SKEW SOUNDEX
SQRT STDDEV_POP STDDEV_SAMP
STRTOK SUBSTR SUCCEEDS
SUM TAN TANH
TITLE TO_BYTES TO_CHAR
TO_DATE TO_DSINTERVAL TO_NUMBER
TO_TIMESTAMP TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ TO_YMINTERVAL
TRUNCATE TRANSLATE TRANSLATE_CHK
TRIM TRUNC TRYCAST
TYPE
UPPER VARGRAPHIC VAR_POP
VAR_SAMP WIDTH_BUCKET XMLAGG
XMLCOMMENT XMLCONCAT XMLDOCUMENT
XMLELEMENT XMLFOREST XMLPARSE
XMLPI XMLQUERY XMLSERIALIZE
XMLTABLE XMLTEXT XMLVALIDATE
XMLSPLIT