export PATH=.:$PATH
<!-- JDK环境 -->
export JAVA_HOME="/usr/local/jdk"
export CLASSPATH=.:$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
<!--  Hadoop环境 -->
export HADOOP_HOME=/home/search/hadoop
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/
export CLASSPATH=.:$CLASSPATH:$HADOOP_HOME/lib
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin
<!--  Ant环境 -->
export ANT_HOME=/usr/local/ant
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$ANT_HOME/lib
export PATH=$PATH:$ANT_HOME/bin
<!--  Maven环境 -->
export MAVEN_HOME="/usr/local/maven"
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$MAVEN_HOME/lib
export PATH=$PATH:$MAVEN_HOME/bin

<!--  Hive环境 -->
export HIVE_HOME=/home/search/hive
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$HIVE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin:$HIVE_HOME/conf

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# Set Hive and Hadoop environment variables here. These variables can be used
# to control the execution of Hive. It should be used by admins to configure
# the Hive installation (so that users do not have to set environment variables
# or set command line parameters to get correct behavior).
#
# The hive service being invoked (CLI/HWI etc.) is available via the environment
# variable SERVICE


# Hive Client memory usage can be an issue if a large number of clients
# are running at the same time. The flags below have been useful in 
# reducing memory usage:
#
# if [ "$SERVICE" = "cli" ]; then
#   if [ -z "$DEBUG" ]; then
#     export HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -XX:NewRatio=12 -Xms10m -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=40 -XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=15 -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:-UseGCOverheadLimit"
#   else
#     export HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -XX:NewRatio=12 -Xms10m -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=40 -XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=15 -XX:-UseGCOverheadLimit"
#   fi
# fi

# The heap size of the jvm stared by hive shell script can be controlled via:
#
# export HADOOP_HEAPSIZE=1024
#
# Larger heap size may be required when running queries over large number of files or partitions. 
# By default hive shell scripts use a heap size of 256 (MB).  Larger heap size would also be 
# appropriate for hive server (hwi etc).


# Set HADOOP_HOME to point to a specific hadoop install directory
 HADOOP_HOME=/home/search/hadoop

# Hive Configuration Directory can be controlled by:
 export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/home/search/hive/conf

# Folder containing extra ibraries required for hive compilation/execution can be controlled by:
# export HIVE_AUX_JARS_PATH=

<configuration>
 <property>
<!-- MySQ的URL配置 -->
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
  <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
</property>
<!-- 数据库的用户名配置-->
<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
  <value>root</value>
</property>
<!-- 此处JDBC的驱动务必加上，对应的数据配置对应的驱动-->
<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
  <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
  <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<!-- 数据库密码配置-->
<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
  <value>qin</value>
</property>
<!-- HDFS路径hive表的存放位置-->
<property>
  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
  <value>hdfs://h1:9000//user/hive/warehouse</value>
</property>
<!--HDFS路径，用于存储不同 map/reduce 阶段的执行计划和这些阶段的中间输出结果。 -->
<property>
  <name>hive.exec.scratchdir</name>
  <value>/tmp</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>mapred.child.java.opts</name>
  <value>-Xmx4096m</value>
</property>
<!-- 日志的记录位置-->
<property>
<name>hive.querylog.location</name>
<value>/home/search/hive/logs</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>hive.metastore.local</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
</configuration>

hadoop fs -mkidr /tmp
hadoop fs -mkidr /user/hive/warehouse
hadoop fs -chmod g+w /tmp
hadoop fs -chmod g+w /user/hive/warehouse

[search@h1 hive]$ bin/hive
14/07/30 04:18:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.reduce.tasks is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.reduces
14/07/30 04:18:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.min.split.size is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.minsize
14/07/30 04:18:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.reduce.tasks.speculative.execution is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.reduce.speculative
14/07/30 04:18:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.min.split.size.per.node is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.minsize.per.node
14/07/30 04:18:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.input.dir.recursive is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.input.dir.recursive
14/07/30 04:18:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.min.split.size.per.rack is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.minsize.per.rack
14/07/30 04:18:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.max.split.size is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.maxsize
14/07/30 04:18:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.committer.job.setup.cleanup.needed is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.committer.setup.cleanup.needed
14/07/30 04:18:09 WARN conf.HiveConf: DEPRECATED: Configuration property hive.metastore.local no longer has any effect. Make sure to provide a valid value for hive.metastore.uris if you are connecting to a remote metastore.

Logging initialized using configuration in file:/home/search/hive/conf/hive-log4j.properties
hive> 

Time taken: 0.837 seconds, Fetched: 5 row(s)
hive> select * from info limit 5 order by count desc;
FAILED: ParseException line 1:27 missing EOF at 'order' near '5'
hive> select * from info   order by count desc  limit 5 ;
Total jobs = 1
Launching Job 1 out of 1
Number of reduce tasks determined at compile time: 1
In order to change the average load for a reducer (in bytes):
  set hive.exec.reducers.bytes.per.reducer=<number>
In order to limit the maximum number of reducers:
  set hive.exec.reducers.max=<number>
In order to set a constant number of reducers:
  set mapreduce.job.reduces=<number>
Starting Job = job_1406660797211_0003, Tracking URL = http://h1:8088/proxy/application_1406660797211_0003/
Kill Command = /home/search/hadoop/bin/hadoop job  -kill job_1406660797211_0003
Hadoop job information for Stage-1: number of mappers: 1; number of reducers: 1
2014-07-30 04:26:13,538 Stage-1 map = 0%,  reduce = 0%
2014-07-30 04:26:26,398 Stage-1 map = 67%,  reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 5.41 sec
2014-07-30 04:26:27,461 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 6.64 sec
2014-07-30 04:26:39,177 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 100%, Cumulative CPU 10.02 sec
MapReduce Total cumulative CPU time: 10 seconds 20 msec
Ended Job = job_1406660797211_0003
MapReduce Jobs Launched: 
Job 0: Map: 1  Reduce: 1   Cumulative CPU: 10.02 sec   HDFS Read: 143906707 HDFS Write: 85 SUCCESS
Total MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 10 seconds 20 msec
OK
英的国  999999
中的国  999997
美的国  999996
中的国  999993
英的国  999992
Time taken: 37.892 seconds, Fetched: 5 row(s)
hive> 

quit,exit:  退出交互式shell
reset: 重置配置为默认值
set <key>=<value> : 修改特定变量的值(如果变量名拼写错误，不会报错)
set :  输出用户覆盖的hive配置变量
set -v : 输出所有Hadoop和Hive的配置变量
add FILE[S] *, add JAR[S] *, add ARCHIVE[S] * : 添加 一个或多个 file, jar, archives到分布式缓存
list FILE[S], list JAR[S], list ARCHIVE[S] : 输出已经添加到分布式缓存的资源。
list FILE[S] *, list JAR[S] *,list ARCHIVE[S] * : 检查给定的资源是否添加到分布式缓存
delete FILE[S] *,delete JAR[S] *,delete ARCHIVE[S] * : 从分布式缓存删除指定的资源
! <command> :  从Hive shell执行一个shell命令
dfs <dfs command> :  从Hive shell执行一个dfs命令
<query string> : 执行一个Hive 查询，然后输出结果到标准输出
source FILE <filepath>:  在CLI里执行一个hive脚本文件