1. sources.list
sources.list
位于/etc/apt
目录下,是一个普通可编辑的文本文件,保存了ubuntu软件更新的源服务器的地址。
2. sources.list.d/*.list
sources.list.d/*.list
位于/etc/apt/sources.list.d
目录下,为在单独文件中写入源的地址提供了一种方式,通常用来安装第三方的软件。
3. 换源
首先查看自己的Ubuntu系统的Codename(这一步很重要),直接导致你更新的源是否对你的系统起效果,查看方法:
lzb@lzb:~$ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS Release: 16.04 Codename: xenial
LSB是一套核心标准,它保证了LINUX发行版同LINUX应用程序之间的良好结合。它是 Linux 标准化领域中事实上的标准,制定了应用程序与运行环境之间的二进制接口。这里检测到LSB,模块没有获取,执行以下语句获取:
lzb@lzb:~$ sudo apt install lsb-core -y
lzb@lzb:~$ lsb_release -a
LSB Version: core-9.20160110ubuntu0.2-amd64:core-9.20160110ubuntu0.2-noarch:security-9.20160110ubuntu0.2-amd64:security-9.20160110ubuntu0.2-noarch
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS
Release: 16.04
Codename: xenial
4. 镜像源获取
名称 分类 地址
阿里云
xenial http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial/
xenial-backports http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial-backports/
xenial-proposed http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial-proposed/
xenial-security http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial-security/
xenial-updates http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial-updates/
清华
xenial https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/xenial
xenial-proposed https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/xenial-proposed
xenial-security https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/xenial-security
xenial-updates https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/xenial-updates
5. 选择合适的源
lzb@lzb:~$ ping mirrors.aliyun.com PING mirrors.aliyun.com.w.alikunlun.com (117.34.34.236) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 117.34.34.236: icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=3.91 ms 64 bytes from 117.34.34.236: icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=4.18 ms 64 bytes from 117.34.34.236: icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=3.68 ms 64 bytes from 117.34.34.236: icmp_seq=4 ttl=54 time=7.89 ms
lzb@lzb:~$ ping mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn PING cdnmirrors.s.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (101.6.8.193) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 101.6.8.193: icmp_seq=1 ttl=241 time=19.4 ms 64 bytes from 101.6.8.193: icmp_seq=2 ttl=241 time=19.8 ms 64 bytes from 101.6.8.193: icmp_seq=3 ttl=241 time=21.4 ms 64 bytes from 101.6.8.193: icmp_seq=4 ttl=241 time=19.6 ms
发现阿里源速度比较快。
6. 备份并修改sources.list
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.beifen.list sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list sudo apt update