JSP与Servlet入门到精通(一)
//struts通过拦截器拦截用户的请求交给struts处理,通过类实现Action接口之后实现默认的方法,返回接口中定义好的静态变量
//接口里5个有静态构造,SUCCESS="success",NONE="none",ERROR="error", INPUT="input" LOGIN="login"
//然后再struts.xml中配置类,根据result的name的接收类的返回值确定跳转的页面,url通过请求action中的name来执行Action中的默认方法
struts的jar包
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>HeadFirstStruts2Chap01</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<filter>
<filter-name>Struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>Struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="helloWorld" extends="struts-default">
<action name="hello" class="com.java1234.action.HelloWorldAction">
<result name="success">helloWorld.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
HelloWorldAction.java
package com.java1234.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
public class HelloWorldAction implements Action{
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("执行了Action的默认方法");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
HeadFirstStruts2Chap01\WebContent\helloWorld.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
Struts2大爷你好!
</body>
</html>
请求url localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap01/hello
Action的自动赋值
//get方式提交数据拦截器会自动调用拼接在url后面的参数,传到类中对应的属性里面
//post方式提交表单的数据,name的值必须与后台类中的属性值一样,通过get与set来获取对应的值
//ActionSupport不光实现了Action还实现了其他的拦截器与国际化
//模型javaBean驱动设置数据,前台的name要加上Bean点的方式javaBean.userName自动赋值处理
//模型分离实现ModelDriven<T>接口,返回user
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="helloWorld" extends="struts-default">
<action name="user" class="com.java1234.action.UserAction">
<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
<result name="error">error.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="user2" class="com.java1234.action.UserAction2">
<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
<result name="error">error.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="user3" class="com.java1234.action.UserAction3">
<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
<result name="error">error.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
通过get方式获取值
UserAction.java
import com.java1234.model.User;
import com.java1234.service.UserService;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class UserAction extends ActionSupport{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private UserService userService=new UserService();
private String userName;
private String password;
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("执行了UserAction的默认方法");
User user=new User();
user.setUserName(userName);
user.setPassword(password);
if(userService.login(user)){
return SUCCESS;
}else{
return ERROR;
}
}
}
通过post的方式赋值
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="user" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="userName"/>
密码:<input type="text" name="password"/>
<input type="submit" value="登录"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
JavaBean的方式赋值
import com.java1234.model.User;
import com.java1234.service.UserService;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class UserAction2 extends ActionSupport{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private UserService userService=new UserService();
private User user;
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("执行了UserAction的默认方法");
if(userService.login(user)){
return SUCCESS;
}else{
return ERROR;
}
}
}
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="user2" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="user.userName"/>
密码:<input type="text" name="user.password"/>
<input type="submit" value="登录"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
模型分离
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="user3" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="userName"/>
密码:<input type="text" name="password"/>
<input type="submit" value="登录"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
package com.java1234.action;
import com.java1234.model.User;
import com.java1234.service.UserService;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
public class UserAction3 extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<User>{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private UserService userService=new UserService();
private User user=new User();
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("执行了UserAction3的默认方法");
if(userService.login(user)){
return SUCCESS;
}else{
return ERROR;
}
}
@Override
public User getModel() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return user;
}
}
多个值
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="hobby" method="post">
爱好:
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="唱歌"/>唱歌
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="跳舞"/>跳舞
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="睡觉"/>睡觉
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="玩CF"/>玩CF
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
public class HobbyAction implements Action{
private String[] hobby;
public String[] getHobby() {
return hobby;
}
public void setHobby(String[] hobby) {
this.hobby = hobby;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("执行了Action的默认方法");
if(hobby!=null){
for(String h:hobby){
System.out.println(h);
}
}
return SUCCESS;
}
}
//下标表示第一个对象的对应属性,如果不是规定的写法则不能获取到值
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="student" method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>性别</th>
<th>年龄</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="text" name="students[0].name"/></td>
<td><input type="text" name="students[0].sex"/></td>
<td><input type="text" name="students[0].age"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="text" name="students[1].name"/></td>
<td><input type="text" name="students[1].sex"/></td>
<td><input type="text" name="students[1].age"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3">
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
import java.util.List;
import com.java1234.model.Student;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
public class StudentAction implements Action{
private List<Student> students;
public List<Student> getStudents() {
return students;
}
public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
this.students = students;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("执行了Action的默认方法");
for(Student s:students){
System.out.println(s);
}
return SUCCESS;
}
}
//struts配置文件package的name相当于定义了两个包,在保重定义具体模块层级比较简单明了
//extends表示继承有拦截器等功能的包,namespace表示命名空间相当于寻找的时候在namespace文件夹下寻找jsp文件,请求url的时候增加前缀
//abstract相当于一个抽象包,里面不能有具体实现的action,过滤请求里面的数据判断是否有敏感词汇,其他的package可以继承
//action的name为action的名,class为处理的类,method的默认处理为execute、可以指定出列的方法
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="foreground" namespace="/fore" extends="struts-default">
<action name="studentList" class="com.java1234.action.ForeStudent">
<result name="success">${pageContext.request.contextPath}/success.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
<package name="background" namespace="/back" extends="struts-default">
<action name="studentList" class="com.java1234.action.BackStudent" method="show">
<result name="success">${pageContext.request.contextPath}/success.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
<package name="infoFilter" abstract="true"></package>
</struts>
BackStudent.java
package com.java1234.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class BackStudent extends ActionSupport{
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("执行了BackStudent Action的默认方法");
return SUCCESS;
}
public String show()throws Exception{
System.out.println("执行了 BackStudent show方法");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
//分模块更加的清晰方便管理action
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<include file="cheliang.xml"></include>
<include file="zichan.xml"></include>
</struts>
cheliang.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="cheliang" namespace="/cheliang" extends="struts-default">
<action name="cheliang" class="com.java1234.action.CheLiangAction">
<result name="success">${pageContext.request.contextPath}/success.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
zichan.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="zichan" namespace="/zichan" extends="struts-default">
<action name="zichan" class="com.java1234.action.ZiChanAction">
<result name="success">${pageContext.request.contextPath}/success.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
//通配符*表示任何的方法,method{1}表示获取第一个方法,要与前端href要对应
//*_* 第一个通配符表示请求的类Action前面的前缀必须一样第二个通配符表示请求的具体方法
//动态方法调用不需要配置method了,只需要在action中定义name在前台根据name找到对应的方法
//struts的生命周期, 每次Action请求都会产生一个新的实例
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />
<package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<!-- <action name="student_*" class="com.java1234.action.StudentAction" method="{1}">
<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="grade_*" class="com.java1234.action.GradeAction" method="{1}">
<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
</action> -->
<!-- <action name="*_*" class="com.java1234.action.{1}Action" method="{2}">
<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
</action> -->
<action name="student" class="com.java1234.action.StudentAction">
<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="grade" class="com.java1234.action.GradeAction">
<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
StudentAction.java
package com.java1234.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class StudentAction extends ActionSupport{
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String list()throws Exception{
System.out.println("学生查找");
name="学生查找";
return SUCCESS;
}
public String add()throws Exception{
System.out.println("学生添加");
name="学生添加";
return SUCCESS;
}
public String update()throws Exception{
System.out.println("学生修改");
name="学生修改";
return SUCCESS;
}
public String delete()throws Exception{
System.out.println("学生删除");
name="学生删除";
return SUCCESS;
}
}
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>通配符</h1>
<a href="Student_list" target="_blank">学生信息查询</a>
<a href="Student_add" target="_blank">学生信息添加</a>
<a href="Student_update" target="_blank">学生信息修改</a>
<a href="Student_delete" target="_blank">学生信息删除</a>
<br/><br/>
<a href="Grade_list" target="_blank">班级信息查询</a>
<a href="Grade_add" target="_blank">班级信息添加</a>
<a href="Grade_update" target="_blank">班级信息修改</a>
<a href="Grade_delete" target="_blank">班级信息删除</a> <br/>
<h1>动态方法调用</h1>
<a href="student!list" target="_blank">学生信息查询</a>
<a href="student!add" target="_blank">学生信息添加</a>
<a href="student!update" target="_blank">学生信息修改</a>
<a href="student!delete" target="_blank">学生信息删除</a>
<br/><br/>
<a href="grade!list" target="_blank">班级信息查询</a>
<a href="grade!add" target="_blank">班级信息添加</a>
<a href="grade!update" target="_blank">班级信息修改</a>
<a href="grade!delete" target="_blank">班级信息删除</a> <br/>
</body>
</html>
//result的配置type类型默认dispatcher内部转发可以传递request中的参数,redirect重定向无法传递request的参数,chain链条,redirectAction重定向到Action
//chain链条一个请求执行另外一个请求后继续处理,数据可以共享
//redirectAction重定向到Action,重定向数据不能共享
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />
<package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<global-results>
<result name="error">error.jsp</result>
</global-results>
<action name="hello" class="com.java1234.action.HelloAction">
<result name="success" type="dispatcher">success.jsp</result>
<result name="r" type="redirect">success.jsp</result>
<result name="c" type="chain">hello2</result>
<result name="ra" type="redirectAction">hello2</result>
</action>
<action name="hello2" class="com.java1234.action.HelloAction2">
<result name="success" type="dispatcher">success.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
HelloAction.java
package com.java1234.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class HelloAction extends ActionSupport{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String name;
private String error;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getError() {
return error;
}
public void setError(String error) {
this.error = error;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
if(name==null || "".equals(name)){
this.error="name是空";
return ERROR;
}
return SUCCESS;
}
public String r()throws Exception{
return "r";
}
public String c()throws Exception{
return "c";
}
public String ra()throws Exception{
return "ra";
}
}
HelloAction2.java
package com.java1234.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class HelloAction2 extends ActionSupport{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String name2;
public String getName2() {
return name2;
}
public void setName2(String name2) {
this.name2 = name2;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
this.name2="你好啊";
return SUCCESS;
}
}
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="hello?name=Struts2" target="_blank">默认转发_dispatcher</a><br/>
<a href="hello!r?name=Struts2" target="_blank">重定向_redirect</a><br/>
<a href="hello!c?name=Struts2" target="_blank">链条_chain</a><br/>
<a href="hello!ra?name=Struts2" target="_blank">重定向到Action_redirectAction</a><br/>
<a href="hello" target="_blank">全局result配置</a><br/>
</body>
</html>
success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
Name:${name }<br/>
Name2:${name2 }
</body>
</html>