前言
Zuul是Netflix开源的一个API Gateway服务器,本质上是一个web servlet应用。Zuul在云平台上提供动态路由,监控、弹性、安全等边缘服务的框架,Zuul相当于是设备和Netflix流应用的Web网站后端所有请求的前门。
Zuul工作原理
一、过滤器机制
zuul的核心是一系列的filters,其作用可以类比Servlet框架的Filter或AOP,它把Request route到用户处理逻辑的过程中,filter参与一些过滤处理,比如Authentication,Load Shedding等。
二、过滤器的生命周期
zuul项目搭建
新建服务zuul--microservicecloud-zuul-gateway-9527
1.引入依赖
<parent>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-zuul-gateway-9527</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!-- zuul路由网关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- actuator监控 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- hystrix容错 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 日常标配 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 热部署插件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.添加配置文件application.yml
其中关于zuul的一些属性,prefix: /atguigu 是地址前缀的设置;mydept.path: /mydept/** 是设置访问服务时的路由配置
server:
port: 9527
spring:
application:
name: microservicecloud-zuul-gateway
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka
instance:
instance-id: gateway-9527.com
prefer-ip-address: true
zuul:
#ignored-services: microservicecloud-dept
prefix: /atguigu
ignored-services: "*"
routes:
mydept.serviceId: microservicecloud-dept
mydept.path: /mydept/**
info:
app.name: atguigu-microcloud
company.name: www.atguigu.com
build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$
build.version: $project.version$
3.主启动类添加注解
@EnableZuulProxy
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
public class Zuul_9527_StartSpringCloudApp
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
SpringApplication.run(Zuul_9527_StartSpringCloudApp.class, args);
}
}
4.启动验证路由效果
不用路由:
http://localhost:8001/dept/get/1
启用路由:
前缀:atguigu
mydept代替服务名称:microservicecloud-dept
http://myzuul.com:9527/atguigu/mydept/dept/get/1
小结
zuul的路由功能负责将外部请求转发到具体的微服务实例上,是实现外部访问同意入口的基础;
zuul的过滤器功能则负责对请求的处理过程进行干预,是实现请求校验、服务聚合等功能的基础。
将zuul自身注册为Eureka服务治理下的应用,同时从Eureka中获得其他微服务的消息,也即以后的访问微服务是通过Zuul跳转后获得。
感谢您的访问!