Thrift是一个可伸缩的跨语言的服务开发框架,对它的介绍就不google再复制了。
当我们在做web开发时,前端可能采用php,python,ruby等脚本语言做用户的交互页面,那业务和数据库的部分不少就用Java来开发了,毕竟做Java开发的程序员的数量还是占大多数的。这时,我们网站或系统的架构就可以页面用php写,业务程序用Java来写(对web开发都熟悉的mvc来说,就是把controller层和service、dao层分开,用不同的语言来写),那不同语言之间的数据交互怎么实现呢(php如何调用java的一个service的方法)?webservice,thrift,avro等框架和技术就可以拿来使用了~
好,直接写demo示例(thrift所用版本为0.9.1):
一、Java
thrift接口定义文件:UserService.thrift
namespace php tService namespace java tService service UserService { string getUserNameById(1:i32 userId); }
server代码:ServerDemo.java
public class ServerDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { try { UserService.Processor processor = new UserService.Processor(new UserServiceImpl()); TServerTransport transport = new TServerSocket(9090); TServer server = new TSimpleServer(new TServer.Args(transport).processor(processor)); System.out.println("Starting the simple server..."); server.serve(); } catch (TTransportException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
client代码:ClientDemo.java
public class ClientDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { try { TTransport transport = new TSocket("localhost", 9090); TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport); UserService.Client client = new UserService.Client(protocol); transport.open(); System.out.println(client.getUserNameById(24)); transport.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
定义的thrift接口文件,通过`thrift --gen java UserService.thrift`就可以得到java的接口类,在windows下运行“thrift.exe"可执行文件。thrift的安装文件,到官网下载然后安装。
在下载的thrift-0.9.1.tar.gz包下的tutorial文件夹下有各种常用语言的demo例子,拿来学习是很不错的资料。在java的例子中除了SimpleServer的例子还有一个secure的例子。
二、PHP
client代码:ClientDemo.php
<?php error_reporting(E_ALL); require_once __DIR__ . "/thrift/lib/Thrift/ClassLoader/ThriftClassLoader.php"; use Thrift\ClassLoader\ThriftClassLoader; $GEN_DIR = realpath(dirname(__FILE__) . "/gen-php"); $loader = new ThriftClassLoader(); $loader->registerNamespace("Thrift", __DIR__ . "/thrift/lib"); $loader->registerDefinition("tService", $GEN_DIR); $loader->register(); use Thrift\Transport\TSocket; use Thrift\Transport\TBufferedTransport; use Thrift\Protocol\TBinaryProtocol; try { $socket = new TSocket('localhost', 9090); $transport = new TBufferedTransport($socket); $protocol = new TBinaryProtocol($transport); $client = new \tService\UserServiceClient($protocol); $transport->open(); $userName = $client->getUserNameById(24); echo $userName; $transport->close(); } catch (Exception $e) { echo $e->getMessage(); }
server端的代码,在thrift的tutorial中有一个例子,但是生成的php接口类文件中没有“UserServiceProcessor”类,因为默认执行`thrift --gen php UserService.thrift`生成的php文件中是不包含server端的实现的,要使用php写server程序,需添加参数":server",执行`thrift --gen php:server UserService.thrift`命令生产的php接口类中才会有server的实现。不过看server的代码,并是用到socket的类,所以php的server是有些特殊的,它需要apache的支持。
php server代码:ServerDemo.php
<?php error_reporting(E_ALL); require_once __DIR__ . '/thrift/lib/Thrift/ClassLoader/ThriftClassLoader.php'; use Thrift\ClassLoader\ThriftClassLoader; $GEN_DIR = realpath(dirname(__FILE__)) . '/gen-php'; $loader = new ThriftClassLoader(); $loader->registerNamespace('Thrift', __DIR__ . '/thrift/lib'); $loader->registerDefinition("tService", $GEN_DIR); $loader->register(); use Thrift\Protocol\TBinaryProtocol; use Thrift\Transport\TPhpStream; use Thrift\Transport\TBufferedTransport; class UserServiceHandler implements \tService\UserServiceIf { public function getUserNameById($userId) { return "hello, user(id:" . $userId . ")";; } } header('Content-Type', 'application/x-thrift'); if (php_sapi_name() == 'cli') { echo "\r\n"; } $userService = new UserServiceHandler(); $processor = new \tService\UserServiceProcessor($userService); $transport = new TBufferedTransport(new TPhpStream(TPhpStream::MODE_R | TPhpStream::MODE_W)); $protocol = new TBinaryProtocol($transport, true, true); $transport->open(); $processor->process($protocol, $protocol); $transport->close();
把程序包放到apache配置的web目录,我本机环境为ubuntu12.04,所以把项目拷贝到"/var/www/“目录,ServerDemo.php在项目包ThriftDemo根目录下,所以client端的代码要修改为:
<?php error_reporting(E_ALL); require_once __DIR__ . "/thrift/lib/Thrift/ClassLoader/ThriftClassLoader.php"; use Thrift\ClassLoader\ThriftClassLoader; $GEN_DIR = realpath(dirname(__FILE__) . "/gen-php"); $loader = new ThriftClassLoader(); $loader->registerNamespace("Thrift", __DIR__ . "/thrift/lib"); $loader->registerDefinition("tService", $GEN_DIR); $loader->register(); use Thrift\Transport\TSocket; use Thrift\Transport\TBufferedTransport; use Thrift\Protocol\TBinaryProtocol; use Thrift\Transport\THttpClient; try { $socket = new THttpClient('localhost', 80, '/ThriftDemo/ServerDemo.php'); $transport = new TBufferedTransport($socket); $protocol = new TBinaryProtocol($transport); $client = new \tService\UserServiceClient($protocol); $transport->open(); $userName = $client->getUserNameById(24); echo $userName; $transport->close(); } catch (Exception $e) { echo $e->getMessage(); }
这个时候,运行client的脚本,就可以访问php的thrift server实现类了。第一个的client可以访问java的server,所以php的server不是通过`php ServerDemo.php`来运行脚本的,client端是通过访问apache下的server脚本文件调用服务的。(php的server比java和ruby、python、perl等要繁琐一些,估计也很少用php写thrift的服务端代码)
好的,下个语言!
三、Ruby
server代码:server_demo.rb
require '../lib/thrift' require '../thrift-demo/gen-rb/user_service' class UserServiceHandler def getUserNameById(userId) return "hello, user(id: #{userId})" end end handler = UserServiceHandler.new() processor = UserService::Processor.new(handler) transport = Thrift::ServerSocket.new('localhost', 9090) transportFactory = Thrift::BufferedTransportFactory.new() server = Thrift::SimpleServer.new(processor, transport, transportFactory) puts "Starting the server..." server.serve()
client代码:client_demo.rb
require '../lib/thrift' require '../thrift-demo/gen-rb/user_service' begin transport = Thrift::BufferedTransport.new(Thrift::Socket.new("localhost", 9090)) protocol = Thrift::BinaryProtocol.new(transport) client = UserService::Client.new(protocol) transport.open() puts client.getUserNameById(24) transport.close() rescue Thrift::Exception => tx puts 'Thrift.Exception: ', tx.message end
ruby还是很简洁的,执行`thrift --gen rb UserService.thrift`生成ruby的接口类文件,然后依次运行server脚本和client脚本。
四、Python
server代码:ServerDemo.py
__author__ = 'petric' import sys sys.path.append('./gen-py') from UserService import UserService from thrift.transport import TSocket from thrift.transport import TTransport from thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocol from thrift.server import TServer class UserServiceHandler: def getUserNameById(self, id): return "hello, user(id:%d)" %id handler = UserServiceHandler() processor = UserService.Processor(handler) transport = TSocket.TServerSocket(port=9090) tFactory = TTransport.TBufferedTransportFactory() pFactory = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocolFactory() server = TServer.TSimpleServer(processor, transport, tFactory, pFactory) print "starting py server..." server.serve()
client代码:ClientDemo.py
__author__ = 'petric' import sys sys.path.append('./gen-py') from UserService import UserService from thrift import Thrift from thrift.transport import TSocket from thrift.transport import TTransport from thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocol try: transport = TSocket.TSocket('localhost', 9090) transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport) protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport) client = UserService.Client(protocol) transport.open() print client.getUserNameById(2) transport.close() except Thrift.TException, tx: print '%s' % (tx.message)
执行`thrift --gen py UserService.thrift`生成ruby的接口类文件,然后依次运行server脚本和client脚本。
但是,这里面还有一个问题,先说java,在pom.xml中加入thrift的依赖配置就可以,这就不说了;php中,在下载的thrift-0.9.1.tar.gz包下的lib目录下有各个语言的thrift的工具包,php下有lib工具包,ruby下也有lib工具包,拿到自己的项目中就行;不过,python和php和ruby不同,它的lib目录下面没有,不过多了个“setup.py“文件,哦,对用python做开发的同学就不用说了,不过对想玩一玩python例子的其它程序员-google一下也就清楚了,执行`sudo python setup.py install`就可以给python添加thrift支持包了。
好,再写一个例子,就当自己也了解一下其它语言的特点了
五、Perl
对perl不是很了解,工作中也还没有用到过,先写client试一试
client代码:ClientDemo.pl
#!/usr/bin/env perl use strict; use warnings; use lib '../lib'; use lib '../gen-perl'; use Thrift; use Thrift::BinaryProtocol; use Thrift::Socket; use Thrift::BufferedTransport; use UserService; my $socket = new Thrift::Socket('localhost', 9090); my $transport = new Thrift::BufferedTransport($socket, 1024, 1024); my $protocol = new Thrift::BinaryProtocol($transport); my $client = new UserServiceClient($protocol); eval{ $transport->open(); print 'connection open...'; my $name = $client->getUserNameById(3); print "$name\n"; $transport->close(); }; if($@){ warn(Dumper($@)); }
访问java,python,ruby的server端没有问题,
server代码:ServerDemo.pl
#!/usr/bin/env perl use strict; use warnings; use lib '../lib'; use lib '../gen-perl'; use Thrift; use Thrift::Socket; use Thrift::Server; use UserService; package UserServiceHandler; use base qw(UserServiceIf); sub new { my $classname = shift; my $self = {}; return bless($self,$classname); } sub getUserNameById { my($self, $userId) = @_; return ("hello, user(id:$userId)\n"); } eval { my $handler = new UserServiceHandler; my $processor = new UserServiceProcessor($handler); my $serversocket = new Thrift::ServerSocket(9090); my $forkingserver = new Thrift::ForkingServer($processor, $serversocket); print "Starting perl server...\n"; $forkingserver->serve(); }; if($@) { if ($@ =~ m/TException/ and exists $@->{message}) { my $message = $@->{message}; my $code = $@->{code}; my $out = $code . ':' . $message; die $out; } else { die $@; } }
我的系统自带的perl的版本是5.14.2,不过和python差不多也得安装一下环境,但不是python那样安装python的thrift工具包,perl也是把它的lib目录拷贝到自己的项目就可以。运行脚本报了一些错误,一些类啊文件什么的好像没有,google一下,下载了Class-Accessor-0.34.tar.gz,然后安装上(解压,make install),又执行`sudo apt-get install libbit-vector-perl`,把perl的lib下的文件也跑了一下`perl Makefile.PL`和 `make install`。这样perl脚本的server和client都可以跑了,测试正常输出结果。
六、js
在tutorial中还有js的例子,js不能访问通常的server的,都是通过socket创建的,只能通过ajax访问通过JSON protocol 和 HTTP transport开启的服务,照着tutorial的例子写了一遍,server用java写的,用到apache的httpcomponents包,启动一个http的server,指定自己的html(包含js的client端)文件所在的目录为webapp,通过设定的端口访问自己的html页面,如“http://localhost:8088/Client_Html.html“,这样js就可以访问thrift的接口服务了!哇~,这个例子最麻烦了,代码就不拷贝过来了。由于js的ajax通常情况下是跨不了域的,所以js的client端和server端需在一个域名下,例子中使用的HttpService相当与模拟了一个web server(apache,tomcat等),那js请求的是一个url,如“/UserService/getUserNameById“,server端遇到该url会通过Processor调用实现类返回结果,其它的文件url就直接返回文件了。简单点就可以理解为:js要想访问thrift的service服务需通过web server这样一个中间层。