Linux任务计划at
一Linux任务计划介绍
Linux任务计划、周期性任务执行
at：未来的某时间点执行一次任务
batch：系统自行选择空闲时间去执行此处指定的任务
cron：周期性运行某任务
二at计划任务
执行方式：
交互式，输入重定向，at –f 文件
依赖与atd服务,需要启动才能实现at任务，at队列存放在/var/spool/at目录中
（一）安装at包
最小化安装默认是没有安装的，光盘自带的包
[root@centos72 ~]# yum install at -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package at.x86_64 0:3.1.13-23.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================== Installing: at x86_64 3.1.13-23.el7 base 51 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 51 k Installed size: 95 k Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : at-3.1.13-23.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : at-3.1.13-23.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: at.x86_64 0:3.1.13-23.el7 Complete!
查看包的介绍
[root@centos72 ~]# rpm -q at
at-3.1.13-23.el7.x86_64
[root@centos72 ~]# rpm -qi at Name : at Version : 3.1.13 Release : 23.el7 Architecture: x86_64 Install Date: Mon 29 Jul 2019 04:42:51 PM CST Group : System Environment/Daemons Size : 97561 License : GPLv3+ and GPLv2+ and ISC and MIT and Public Domain Signature : RSA/SHA256, Wed 25 Apr 2018 06:52:49 PM CST, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5 Source RPM : at-3.1.13-23.el7.src.rpm Build Date : Wed 11 Apr 2018 08:13:35 AM CST Build Host : x86-01.bsys.centos.org Relocations : (not relocatable) Packager : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org> Vendor : CentOS URL : http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/a/at Summary : Job spooling tools Description : At and batch read commands from standard input or from a specified file. At allows you to specify that a command will be run at a particular time. Batch will execute commands when the system load levels drop to a particular level. Both commands use user's shell. You should install the at package if you need a utility for time-oriented job control. Note: If it is a recurring job that will need to be repeated at the same time every day/week, etc. you should use crontab instead.
6版本
[root@centos65 ~]# rpm -q at
at-3.1.10-48.el6.x86_64
[root@centos65 ~]# rpm -qi at Name : at Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 3.1.10 Vendor: CentOS Release : 48.el6 Build Date: Fri 20 Feb 2015 12:23:33 AM CST Install Date: Wed 23 Jan 2019 05:30:47 PM CST Build Host: c6b8.bsys.dev.centos.org Group : System Environment/Daemons Source RPM: at-3.1.10-48.el6.src.rpm Size : 94221 License: GPLv2+ Signature : RSA/SHA1, Fri 20 Feb 2015 12:34:52 AM CST, Key ID 0946fca2c105b9de Packager : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org> URL : http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/a/at Summary : Job spooling tools Description : At and batch read commands from standard input or from a specified file. At allows you to specify that a command will be run at a particular time. Batch will execute commands when the system load levels drop to a particular level. Both commands use user's shell. You should install the at package if you need a utility for time-oriented job control. Note: If it is a recurring job that will need to be repeated at the same time every day/week, etc. you should use crontab instead.
（二）at包的组成
[root@centos72 ~]# rpm -ql at
/etc/at.deny
/etc/pam.d/atd
/etc/sysconfig/atd
/usr/bin/at
/usr/bin/atq /usr/bin/atrm /usr/bin/batch /usr/lib/systemd/system/atd.service /usr/sbin/atd /usr/sbin/atrun /usr/share/doc/at-3.1.13 /usr/share/doc/at-3.1.13/ChangeLog /usr/share/doc/at-3.1.13/Copyright /usr/share/doc/at-3.1.13/Problems /usr/share/doc/at-3.1.13/README /usr/share/doc/at-3.1.13/timespec /usr/share/man/man1/at.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/atq.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/atrm.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/batch.1.gz /usr/share/man/man5/at.allow.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/at.deny.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/atd.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/atrun.8.gz /var/spool/at /var/spool/at/.SEQ /var/spool/at/spool
服务存放位置/etc/rc.d/init.d/atd
运行的程序/usr/sbin/atd
[root@centos65 ~]# rpm -ql at
/etc/at.deny
/etc/pam.d/atd
/etc/rc.d/init.d/atd
/etc/sysconfig/atd
/usr/bin/at /usr/bin/atq /usr/bin/atrm /usr/bin/batch /usr/lib64/pm-utils/sleep.d/56atd /usr/sbin/atd /usr/sbin/atrun /usr/share/doc/at-3.1.10 /usr/share/doc/at-3.1.10/ChangeLog /usr/share/doc/at-3.1.10/Copyright /usr/share/doc/at-3.1.10/Problems /usr/share/doc/at-3.1.10/README /usr/share/doc/at-3.1.10/timespec /usr/share/man/man1/at.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/atq.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/atrm.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/batch.1.gz /usr/share/man/man5/at.allow.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/atd.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/atrun.8.gz /var/spool/at /var/spool/at/.SEQ /var/spool/at/spool
查看开机是否自启
因为是比较基础的服务，开机一般自启
[root@centos72 ~]# systemctl is-enabled atd
enabled
[root@centos72 ~]# systemctl is-enabled atd.service
enabled
[root@centos65 ~]# chkconfig --list atd
atd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off [root@centos65 ~]# runlevel N 3
服务调用了程序/usr/sbin/atd
[root@centos72 ~]# systemctl status atd.service
● atd.service - Job spooling tools
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/atd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
[root@centos72 ~]# systemctl start atd.service
[root@centos72 ~]# systemctl status atd.service
● atd.service - Job spooling tools Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/atd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-05-21 09:28:49 CST; 1s ago Main PID: 2710 (atd) CGroup: /system.slice/atd.service └─2710 /usr/sbin/atd -f May 21 09:28:49 centos72.huawei.com systemd[1]: Started Job spooling tools. May 21 09:28:49 centos72.huawei.com systemd[1]: Starting Job spooling tools...
进程编号是2710
[root@centos72 ~]# ps aux | grep 2710
root 2710 0.0 0.0 25904 936 ? Ss 09:28 0:00 /usr/sbin/atd -f root 2719 0.0 0.0 112704 972 pts/0 S+ 09:30 0:00 grep --color=auto 2710
（三）常用选项
-V 显示版本信息:
-l: 列出指定队列中等待运行的作业；相当于atq
-d: 删除指定的作业；相当于atrm
-c: 查看具体作业任务
-f /path/from/somefile：从指定的文件中读取任务
-m:当任务被完成之后，将给用户发送邮件，即使没有标准输出
注意：作业执行命令的结果中的标准输出和错误以邮件通知给相关用户
（四）at时间格式
HH:MM 02:00
在今日的 HH:MM 进行，若该时刻已过，则明天此时执行任务
HH:MM YYYY-MM-DD 02:00 2018-01-08
规定在某年某月的某一天的特殊时刻进行该项任务
HH:MM[am|pm] [Month] [Date]
04pm March 17
17:20 tomorrow
HH:MM[am|pm] + number [minutes|hours|days|weeks]
在某个时间点再加几个时间后才进行该项任务
now + 5 minutes
02pm + 3 days
三创建at计划任务广播时间
（一）前期准备
1时间同步，虚拟机的时间和宿主机的时间、网络时间要一致
2关闭防火墙
3关闭selinux
（二）创建at计划任务
按ctrl+d保存
[root@centos72 ~]# at 10:00
at> wall 10:00 clock at> <EOT> job 1 at Tue May 21 10:00:00 2019 [root@centos72 ~]# at -l 1 Tue May 21 10:00:00 2019 = root [root@centos72 ~]# Broadcast message from [email protected] (Tue May 21 10:00:01 2019): 10:00 clock
在创建计划任务完成之后就会写到文件里面了
[root@centos72 ~]# at 10:10
at> wall 10:10 clock at> <EOT> job 2 at Tue May 21 10:10:00 2019 [root@centos72 ~]# at -l 2 Tue May 21 10:10:00 2019 a root [root@centos72 ~]# ls /var/spool/at -l total 4 -rwx------. 1 root root 2806 May 21 10:04 a00002018c52a2 drwx------. 2 root root 6 May 21 10:00 spool
执行完了任务就会把相应的文件删除了
[root@centos72 ~]# cat /var/spool/at/a00002018c52a2
#!/bin/sh
# atrun uid=0 gid=0 # mail root 0 umask 22 XDG_SESSION_ID=79; export XDG_SESSION_ID HOSTNAME=centos72.huawei.com; export HOSTNAME SELINUX_ROLE_REQUESTED=; export SELINUX_ROLE_REQUESTED SHELL=/bin/bash; export SHELL HISTSIZE=1000; export HISTSIZE SSH_CLIENT=192.168.137.1\ 49197\ 22; export SSH_CLIENT SELINUX_USE_CURRENT_RANGE=; export SELINUX_USE_CURRENT_RANGE SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/0; export SSH_TTY USER=root; export USER LS_COLORS=rs=0:di=01\;34:ln=01\;36:mh=00:pi=40\;33:so=01\;35:do=01\;35:bd=40\;33\;01:cd=40\;33\;01:or=40\;31\;01:mi=01\;05\;37\;41:su=37\;41:sg=30\;43:ca=30\;41:tw=30\;42:ow=34\;42:st=37\;44:ex=01\;32:\*.tar=01\;31:\*.tgz=01\;31:\*.arc=01\;31:\*.arj=01\;31:\*.taz=01\;31:\*.lha=01\;31:\*.lz4=01\;31:\*.lzh=01\;31:\*.lzma=01\;31:\*.tlz=01\;31:\*.txz=01\;31:\*.tzo=01\;31:\*.t7z=01\;31:\*.zip=01\;31:\*.z=01\;31:\*.Z=01\;31:\*.dz=01\;31:\*.gz=01\;31:\*.lrz=01\;31:\*.lz=01\;31:\*.lzo=01\;31:\*.xz=01\;31:\*.bz2=01\;31:\*.bz=01\;31:\*.tbz=01\;31:\*.tbz2=01\;31:\*.tz=01\;31:\*.deb=01\;31:\*.rpm=01\;31:\*.jar=01\;31:\*.war=01\;31:\*.ear=01\;31:\*.sar=01\;31:\*.rar=01\;31:\*.alz=01\;31:\*.ace=01\;31:\*.zoo=01\;31:\*.cpio=01\;31:\*.7z=01\;31:\*.rz=01\;31:\*.cab=01\;31:\*.jpg=01\;35:\*.jpeg=01\;35:\*.gif=01\;35:\*.bmp=01\;35:\*.pbm=01\;35:\*.pgm=01\;35:\*.ppm=01\;35:\*.tga=01\;35:\*.xbm=01\;35:\*.xpm=01\;35:\*.tif=01\;35:\*.tiff=01\;35:\*.png=01\;35:\*.svg=01\;35:\*.svgz=01\;35:\*.mng=01\;35:\*.pcx=01\;35:\*.mov=01\;35:\*.mpg=01\;35:\*.mpeg=01\;35:\*.m2v=01\;35:\*.mkv=01\;35:\*.webm=01\;35:\*.ogm=01\;35:\*.mp4=01\;35:\*.m4v=01\;35:\*.mp4v=01\;35:\*.vob=01\;35:\*.qt=01\;35:\*.nuv=01\;35:\*.wmv=01\;35:\*.asf=01\;35:\*.rm=01\;35:\*.rmvb=01\;35:\*.flc=01\;35:\*.avi=01\;35:\*.fli=01\;35:\*.flv=01\;35:\*.gl=01\;35:\*.dl=01\;35:\*.xcf=01\;35:\*.xwd=01\;35:\*.yuv=01\;35:\*.cgm=01\;35:\*.emf=01\;35:\*.axv=01\;35:\*.anx=