[洛谷P4463] calc (生成函数)

首先注意到题目中 \(a\) 数组是有序的,那我们只用算有序的方案乘上 \(n!\) 即可。

而此时的答案显然
\[Ans=[x^n](1+x)(1+2x)\dots (1+Ax)=\prod_{i=1}^A(1+ix)\]

取对数把乘法变加法,即
\[ \prod_{i=1}^A(1+ix)=\exp(\sum_{i=1}^A\ln(1+ix)) \]
这里有 \(\ln\) 的展开式
\[ -\ln(1-x)=\sum_{i=1}^\infty\frac{x^i}{i} \]
故有
\[ \ln(1+ix)\\=\ln(1-(-ix))\\=-\sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{(-ix)^k}{k}\\=\sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{k+1}i^k}{k}x^k \]

\[ \sum_{i=1}^A \ln(1+ix)\\ =\sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{k+1}\sum_{i=1}^Ai^k}{k}x^k \]
自然数幂和可以用某种方法(插值、伯努利数之类)算出来。

最后还要多项式 exp,直接 \(O(n^2)\) 算。

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
const int N = 505;

int n, M, P, inv[N], Bo[N], C[N][N], a[N], b[N];

typedef vector<int> poly;

poly F[N];

int calc(const poly&a, int x)
{
    int y = 0;
    for(int i = a.size() - 1; i >= 0; i --)
        y = (1LL * y * x + a[i]) % P;
    return y;
}

int main()
{
    scanf("%d%d%d",&M,&n,&P);
    for(int i = 0; i <= n + 1; i ++)
    {
        C[i][0] = 1;
        for(int j = 1; j <= i; j ++)
            C[i][j] = (C[i - 1][j - 1] + C[i - 1][j]) % P;
    }
    inv[1] = 1;
    for(int i = 2; i <= n + 1; i ++)
        inv[i] = (ll) inv[P % i] * (P - P / i) % P;
    Bo[0] = 1;
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
    {
        int t = 0;
        for(int j = 0; j < i; j ++)
            t = (t + (ll)Bo[j] * C[i + 1][j]) % P;
        Bo[i] = (ll)(P - inv[i + 1]) * t % P;
    }
    F[0] = poly{0, 1};
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
    {
        F[i].resize(i + 2);
        for(int j = 1; j <= i + 1; j ++)
        {
            F[i][j] = (ll) Bo[i + 1 - j] * C[i + 1][j] % P * inv[i + 1] % P;
            if((i + 1 - j) & 1)
                F[i][j] = (P - F[i][j]) % P;
        }
    }
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
    {
        a[i] = (ll)inv[i] * calc(F[i], M) % P;
        if(~i&1) a[i] = (P - a[i]) % P;
    }
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
        a[i - 1] = (ll)i * a[i] % P;
    b[0] = 1;
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
    {
        for(int j = 0; j < i; j ++)
            b[i] = (b[i] + (ll)b[j] * a[i - j - 1]) % P;
        b[i] = (ll)b[i] * inv[i] % P;
    }
    int ans = b[n];
    for(int i = 2; i <= n; i ++) ans = (ll)ans * i % P;
    printf("%d", ans);
    return 0;
}

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/bestwyj/p/11626804.html