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文章目录
一、系统启动一般流程
1.1 Windows
1.2 Linux
1.2.1 Linux简单驱动程序框架
- GPIO举例
二、S3C2440内部资源
- 内核:ARM920T
- 16/32位RICS体系结构
外设 |
---|
1个LCD控制器( 支持STN和TFT的液晶显示屏) |
SDRAM控制器 |
SD接口 |
MMC卡接口 |
看门狗计数器 |
117位通用/O口 |
24位外部中断源 |
4个具有PWM功能的计定时器和1个内部时钟 |
3个通道的UART |
4个通道的DMA |
I2C总线接口 |
2个USB主机接口 |
1个USB设备接口 |
2个SPI接口 |
8通道10位AD控制器 |
三、命令入门
3.1 终端Teminal
-
Ctrl+Alt+T
启动 -
查看环境变量路径
echo $PATH
-
设置PATH环境变量添加我们自己的目录:
exprot PATH=$PATH:/my/dir
-
文件设置可执行权限:
chomd +x 文件名
3.2 Linux命令提示符
~
表示家目录$
表示普通用户#
表示root管理员
3.3 Linux命令的格式
- 命令 [选项] [参数]
eg:
ls
ls -l
ls -l /home
3.4 常见命令含义
pwd
- 打印当前所在路径(
print working directory
)
- 打印当前所在路径(
cd
- 切换路径(
change directory
)- cd ~ 切换至当前用户的家目录
- cd . 切换至当前路径
- cd … 切换至上一级路径
- cd …/… 切换至上上级路径
- cd - 切换至上一次路径
- 切换路径(
ls
- 列出目录内容(
list
)- -l(long的缩写)显示目录下详细的信息(文件权限、最后修改时间、文件大小)
- -a(all的缩写)显示了隐藏文件(以.为开头为隐藏文件)
- -h(human-able的缩写)将文件大小以K(KB)、M(MB)、G(GB)来表示
- 列出目录内容(
mkdir
- 创建目录(
make directory
)- mkdir dir0 创建dir0这个目录
- mkdir -p 父目录/子目录
- 创建目录(
rmdir
- 删除目录(
remove directory
)- 不能删除非空目录
- rm -r 即可删除非空目录(-r为递归删除的含义:意思是删除当前目录下所有文件和文件夹)
- 删除目录(
mv
- 重命名/移动(
move
) - mv 旧文件名 新文件名(修改文件名)
- mv 旧目录名 新目录名(修改目录名)
- mv 文件名 目录名(移动路径)
- 重命名/移动(
touch
- 新建文件
cp
- 复制(
copy
)- cp -r dir1 dir2 复制dir1目录下所有内容至dir2(-r参数为递归复制)
- 复制(
rm
- 删除文件(
remove
)- rm -i file 删除文件file前,要求你是否同意删除(y表示同意,n表示取消)
- rm -r dir 删除整个dir目录
- rm -ir dir 删除目录dir前,要求你是否同意删除其中的每一个文件(每次都会询问)
- 删除文件(
cat
- 查看(
catenate
)- cat -n file 以显示行号的方式输出
- 查看(
clear
- 刷新屏幕(保留历史命令记录)
-
reset
- 重新初始化屏幕(清除历史命令记录)
-
man
- 手册、帮助(
manual
) - man man 查看man命令含义
- man 2 open 查看open库函数含义
- 1 可执行程序或 shell 命令
2 系统调用(内核提供的函数)
3 库调用(程序库中的函数)
4 特殊文件(通常位于 /dev)
5 文件格式和规范,如 /etc/passwd
6 游戏
7 杂项(包括宏包和规范,如 man(7),groff(7))
8 系统管理命令(通常只针对 root 用户)
9 内核例程
- 1 可执行程序或 shell 命令
- 手册、帮助(
wc
- 统计(
word count
) - 统计(行数、字数、大小)
- 统计(
ps
- 进程状态查看(processes status )
- ps -aux
kill
- 关闭进程(kill后接 进程PID号)
uname
- 查看系统名称(unix name)
3.5 rm -rf /*的含义
rm -rf /*
Linux的目录是使用 / 之类的目录形式存放,rm 是Linux的删除命令,后面带的“-rf”,"-r"指的是 递归删除(意思是删除当前目录下所有文件和文件夹),而“-f”指的是 强制删除 。后方的/*指的是 根目录“/”下的所有文件。即删除根目录下所有内容。
3.6 相对/绝对路径
- /home/pi 是绝对路径
- 相对路径一般以.或…构成
- 当前路径为/bin,./pwd就是直接执行pwd程序
- 当前路径为/home/pi/Picture,输入cd …/Music 切换至/home/pi/Music
四、附录:常见Linux命令英文全称
linux 命令英文全称
su:Swith user 切换用户,切换到root用户
cat: Concatenate 串联
uname: Unix name 系统名称
df: Disk free 空余硬盘
du: Disk usage 硬盘使用率
chown: Change owner 改变所有者
chgrp: Change group 改变用户组
ps:Process Status 进程状态
tar:Tape archive 解压文件
chmod: Change mode 改变模式
umount: Unmount 卸载
ldd:List dynamic dependencies 列出动态相依
insmod:Install module 安装模块
rmmod:Remove module 删除模块
lsmod:List module 列表模块
alias :Create your own name for a command
bash :GNU Bourne-Again Shell linux内核
grep:global regular expression print
httpd :Start Apache
ipcalc :Calculate IP information for a host
ping :Send ICMP ECHO_Request to network hosts
reboot: Restart your computer
sudo:Superuser do
/bin = BINaries
/dev = DEVices
/etc = ETCetera
/lib = LIBrary
/proc = PROCesses
/sbin = Superuser BINaries
/tmp = TeMPorary
/usr = Unix Shared Resources
/var = VARiable ?
FIFO = First In, First Out
GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
IFS = Internal Field Seperators
LILO = LInux LOader
MySQL = My最初作者的名字SQL = Structured Query Language
PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
PS = Prompt String
Perl = "Pratical Extraction and Report Language" = "Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister"
Python Monty Python's Flying Circus
Tcl = Tool Command Language
Tk = ToolKit
VT = Video Terminal
YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
apache = "a patchy" server
apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
ar = archiver
as = assembler
bash = Bourne Again SHell
bc = Basic (Better) Calculator
bg = BackGround
cal = CALendar
cat = CATenate
cd = Change Directory
chgrp = CHange GRouP
chmod = CHange MODe
chown = CHange OWNer
chsh = CHange SHell
cmp = compare
cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture
comm = common
cp = CoPy
cpio = CoPy In and Out
cpp = C Pre Processor
cups = Common Unix Printing System
cvs = Current Version System
daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
dc = Desk Calculator
dd = Disk Dump
df = Disk Free
diff = DIFFerence
dmesg = diagnostic message
du = Disk Usage
ed = editor
egrep = Extended GREP
elf = Extensible Linking Format
elm = ELectronic Mail
emacs = Editor MACroS
eval = EVALuate
ex = EXtended
exec = EXECute
fd = file descriptors
fg = ForeGround
fgrep = Fixed GREP
fmt = format
fsck = File System ChecK
fstab = FileSystem TABle
fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager
gawk = GNU AWK
gpg = GNU Privacy Guard
groff = GNU troff
hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
joe = Joe's Own Editor
ksh = Korn SHell
lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder
lex = LEXical analyser
lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses
ln = LiNk
lpr = Line PRint
ls = list
lsof = LiSt Open Files
m4 = Macro processor Version 4
man = MANual pages
mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK
mc = Midnight Commander
mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
mknod = MaKe NODe
motd = Message of The Day
mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
mtab = Mount TABle
mv = MoVe
nano = Nano's ANOther editor
nawk = New AWK
nl = Number of Lines
nm = names
nohup = No HangUP
nroff = New ROFF
od = Octal Dump
passwd = PASSWorD
pg = pager
pico = PIne's message COmposition editor
pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm"
ping = Packet InterNet Grouper
pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
popd = POP Directory
pr = pre
printf = PRINT Formatted
ps = Processes Status
pty = pseudo tty
pushd = PUSH Directory
pwd = Print Working Directory
rc = runcom = run command, shell
rev = REVerse
rm = ReMove
rn = Read News
roff = RunOFF
rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager
rsh, rlogin, = Remote
rxvt = ouR XVT
sed = Stream EDitor
seq = SEQuence
shar = SHell ARchive
slrn = S-Lang rn
ssh = Secure SHell
ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
stty = Set TTY
su = Substitute User
svn = SubVersioN
tar = Tape ARchive
tcsh = TENEX C shell
telnet = TEminaL over Network
termcap = terminal capability
terminfo = terminal information
tr = traslate
troff = Typesetter new ROFF
tsort = Topological SORT
tty = TeleTypewriter
twm = Tom's Window Manager
tz = TimeZone
udev = Userspace DEV
ulimit = User's LIMIT
umask = User's MASK
uniq = UNIQue
vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient
vim = Vi IMproved
wall = write all
wc = Word Count
wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator
xargs = eXtended ARGuments
xdm = X Display Manager
xlfd = X Logical Font Description
xmms = X Multimedia System
xrdb = X Resources DataBase
xwd = X Window Dump
yacc = yet another compiler compiler