uboot_imx_2016浅析

1.概念:uboot主要用来启动内核,启动内核则是用的命令来的;他有众多命令,如信息查询,环境变量操作,内存操作,网络操作,mmc操作,文件系统操作,nand操作,boot操作,reset, go(到指定地址执行程序),run(运行环境变量中的命令),metest(内存测试)

2.配置:当输入“make xxx_defconfig”的时候就会匹配到%config 目标,目标“%config”依赖于 scripts_basic、outputmakefile 和 FORCE

 3.编译:过程如下

 4.启动流程

_start 里是reset 和中断向量表

_start:

#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_DV_NOR_BOOT_CFG
	.word	CONFIG_SYS_DV_NOR_BOOT_CFG
#endif

	b	reset
	ldr	pc, _undefined_instruction
	ldr	pc, _software_interrupt
	ldr	pc, _prefetch_abort
	ldr	pc, _data_abort
	ldr	pc, _not_used
	ldr	pc, _irq
	ldr	pc, _fiq 

reset 函数跳转到了 save_boot_params 函数,

reset:
	/* Allow the board to save important registers */
	b	save_boot_params

save_boot_params 函数,跳转到 save_boot_params_ret 函数

ENTRY(save_boot_params)
	b	save_boot_params_ret		@ back to my caller

save_boot_params_ret函数设置svc模式,关FIQ,IRQ;

save_boot_params_ret:
	/*
	 * disable interrupts (FIQ and IRQ), also set the cpu to SVC32 mode,
	 * except if in HYP mode already
	 */
	mrs	r0, cpsr
	and	r1, r0, #0x1f		@ mask mode bits
	teq	r1, #0x1a		@ test for HYP mode
	bicne	r0, r0, #0x1f		@ clear all mode bits
	orrne	r0, r0, #0x13		@ set SVC mode
	orr	r0, r0, #0xc0		@ disable FIQ and IRQ
	msr	cpsr,r0

/*
 * Setup vector:
 * (OMAP4 spl TEXT_BASE is not 32 byte aligned.
 * Continue to use ROM code vector only in OMAP4 spl)
 */
#if !(defined(CONFIG_OMAP44XX) && defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD))
	/* Set V=0 in CP15 SCTLR register - for VBAR to point to vector */
	mrc	p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0	@ Read CP15 SCTLR Register
	bic	r0, #CR_V		@ V = 0               //将 V 清零,就可以软件重定位向量表,
	mcr	p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0	@ Write CP15 SCTLR Register

	/* Set vector address in CP15 VBAR register */
	ldr	r0, =_start                                  //0x87800000
	mcr	p15, 0, r0, c12, c0, 0	@Set VBAR            //向量表重定位
#endif


/* the mask ROM code should have PLL and others stable */
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
  bl cpu_init_cp15                                                    //关MMU等
  bl cpu_init_crit                                                      //跳转到 lowlevel_init函数


#endif

  bl _main

lowlevel_init函数,设置RAM中的sp并保存到r9;将 lr 赋给 pc

ENTRY(lowlevel_init)
	/*
	 * Setup a temporary stack. Global data is not available yet.
	 */
	ldr	sp, =CONFIG_SYS_INIT_SP_ADDR
	bic	sp, sp, #7 /* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */
#ifdef CONFIG_SPL_DM
	mov	r9, #0
#else
	/*
	 * Set up global data for boards that still need it. This will be
	 * removed soon.
	 */
#ifdef CONFIG_SPL_BUILD
	ldr	r9, =gdata
#else
	sub	sp, sp, #GD_SIZE
	bic	sp, sp, #7
	mov	r9, sp
#endif
#endif
	/*
	 * Save the old lr(passed in ip) and the current lr to stack
	 */
	push	{ip, lr}

	/*
	 * Call the very early init function. This should do only the
	 * absolute bare minimum to get started. It should not:
	 *
	 * - set up DRAM
	 * - use global_data
	 * - clear BSS
	 * - try to start a console
	 *
	 * For boards with SPL this should be empty since SPL can do all of
	 * this init in the SPL board_init_f() function which is called
	 * immediately after this.
	 */
	bl	s_init     //啥都没干
	pop	{ip, pc}
ENDPROC(lowlevel_init)

_main函数,设置在ram中的sp,gd,重新设置在ddr中的sp,gd,初始化gd成员变量,代码重定位(将代码从0x87800000拷贝到ddr最后面的空间),清bss

ENTRY(_main)

/*
 * Set up initial C runtime environment and call board_init_f(0).
 */

#if defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) && defined(CONFIG_SPL_STACK)
	ldr	sp, =(CONFIG_SPL_STACK)
#else
	ldr	sp, =(CONFIG_SYS_INIT_SP_ADDR)
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_CPU_V7M)	/* v7M forbids using SP as BIC destination */
	mov	r3, sp
	bic	r3, r3, #7
	mov	sp, r3
#else
	bic	sp, sp, #7	/* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */
#endif
	mov	r0, sp
	bl	board_init_f_alloc_reserve         //留出早期的 malloc 内存区域和 gd 内存区域
	mov	sp, r0
	/* set up gd here, outside any C code */
	mov	r9, r0                            //r9存放着gd的地址
	bl	board_init_f_init_reserve         //初始化gd

	mov	r0, #0
	bl	board_init_f     //主要用来初始化 DDR,定时器,完成代码拷贝
#if ! defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD)

/*
 * Set up intermediate environment (new sp and gd) and call
 * relocate_code(addr_moni). Trick here is that we'll return
 * 'here' but relocated.
 */

	ldr	sp, [r9, #GD_START_ADDR_SP]	/* sp = gd->start_addr_sp */
#if defined(CONFIG_CPU_V7M)	/* v7M forbids using SP as BIC destination */
	mov	r3, sp
	bic	r3, r3, #7
	mov	sp, r3
#else
	bic	sp, sp, #7	/* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */
#endif
	ldr	r9, [r9, #GD_BD]		/* r9 = gd->bd */
	sub	r9, r9, #GD_SIZE		/* new GD is below bd */

	adr	lr, here
	ldr	r0, [r9, #GD_RELOC_OFF]		/* r0 = gd->reloc_off */
	add	lr, lr, r0
#if defined(CONFIG_CPU_V7M)
	orr	lr, #1				/* As required by Thumb-only */
#endif
	ldr	r0, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR]		/* r0 = gd->relocaddr */
	b	relocate_code
here:
/*
 * now relocate vectors
 */

	bl	relocate_vectors

/* Set up final (full) environment */

	bl	c_runtime_cpu_setup	/* we still call old routine here */
#endif
#if !defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) || defined(CONFIG_SPL_FRAMEWORK)
# ifdef CONFIG_SPL_BUILD
	/* Use a DRAM stack for the rest of SPL, if requested */
	bl	spl_relocate_stack_gd
	cmp	r0, #0
	movne	sp, r0
	movne	r9, r0
# endif
	ldr	r0, =__bss_start	/* this is auto-relocated! */

#ifdef CONFIG_USE_ARCH_MEMSET
	ldr	r3, =__bss_end		/* this is auto-relocated! */
	mov	r1, #0x00000000		/* prepare zero to clear BSS */

	subs	r2, r3, r0		/* r2 = memset len */
	bl	memset
#else
	ldr	r1, =__bss_end		/* this is auto-relocated! */
	mov	r2, #0x00000000		/* prepare zero to clear BSS */

clbss_l:cmp	r0, r1			/* while not at end of BSS */
#if defined(CONFIG_CPU_V7M)
	itt	lo
#endif
	strlo	r2, [r0]		/* clear 32-bit BSS word */
	addlo	r0, r0, #4		/* move to next */
	blo	clbss_l
#endif

#if ! defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD)
	bl coloured_LED_init
	bl red_led_on
#endif
	/* call board_init_r(gd_t *id, ulong dest_addr) */
	mov     r0, r9                  /* gd_t */
	ldr	r1, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR]	/* dest_addr */
	/* call board_init_r */
#if defined(CONFIG_SYS_THUMB_BUILD)
	ldr	lr, =board_init_r	/* this is auto-relocated! */
	bx	lr
#else
	ldr	pc, =board_init_r	/* this is auto-relocated! */
#endif
	/* we should not return here. */
#endif

ENDPROC(_main)
board_init_f 函数,初始化一系列外设,比如串口、定时器;初始化 gd 的各个成员变量,最终形成一个完整的内存“分配图”,以便重定位uboot

relocate_code 函数是用于代码拷贝的,首先uboot在链接时已经确定了变量及函数的绝对地址,重定位代码后后,运行地址与链接地址不一致了,uboot是怎么解决的呢?其实就是再让链接地址 = 运行地址。
(1):ARM调用函数使用的是相对寻址指令bl或b,与函数的绝对地址无关
(2):修改函数末尾的Lable,也即修改了链接后的变量的绝对地址为偏移后的绝对地址(通过"-pie"选项,会生成一个.rel.dyn段,来处理)
#include <asm-offsets.h>
#include <config.h>
#include <linux/linkage.h>
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_V7M
#include <asm/armv7m.h>
#endif

/*
 * Default/weak exception vectors relocation routine
 *
 * This routine covers the standard ARM cases: normal (0x00000000),
 * high (0xffff0000) and VBAR. SoCs which do not comply with any of
 * the standard cases must provide their own, strong, version.
 */

	.section	.text.relocate_vectors,"ax",%progbits
	.weak		relocate_vectors

ENTRY(relocate_vectors)

#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_V7M
	/*
	 * On ARMv7-M we only have to write the new vector address
	 * to VTOR register.
	 */
	ldr	r0, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR]	/* r0 = gd->relocaddr */
	ldr	r1, =V7M_SCB_BASE
	str	r0, [r1, V7M_SCB_VTOR]
#else
#ifdef CONFIG_HAS_VBAR
	/*
	 * If the ARM processor has the security extensions,
	 * use VBAR to relocate the exception vectors.
	 */
	ldr	r0, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR]	/* r0 = gd->relocaddr */
	mcr     p15, 0, r0, c12, c0, 0  /* Set VBAR */
#else
	/*
	 * Copy the relocated exception vectors to the
	 * correct address
	 * CP15 c1 V bit gives us the location of the vectors:
	 * 0x00000000 or 0xFFFF0000.
	 */
	ldr	r0, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR]	/* r0 = gd->relocaddr */
	mrc	p15, 0, r2, c1, c0, 0	/* V bit (bit[13]) in CP15 c1 */
	ands	r2, r2, #(1 << 13)
	ldreq	r1, =0x00000000		/* If V=0 */
	ldrne	r1, =0xFFFF0000		/* If V=1 */
	ldmia	r0!, {r2-r8,r10}
	stmia	r1!, {r2-r8,r10}
	ldmia	r0!, {r2-r8,r10}
	stmia	r1!, {r2-r8,r10}
#endif
#endif
	bx	lr

ENDPROC(relocate_vectors)

/*
 * void relocate_code(addr_moni)
 *
 * This function relocates the monitor code.
 *
 * NOTE:
 * To prevent the code below from containing references with an R_ARM_ABS32
 * relocation record type, we never refer to linker-defined symbols directly.
 * Instead, we declare literals which contain their relative location with
 * respect to relocate_code, and at run time, add relocate_code back to them.
 */

ENTRY(relocate_code)
	ldr	r1, =__image_copy_start	/* r1 <- SRC &__image_copy_start */
	subs	r4, r0, r1		/* r4 <- relocation offset */
	beq	relocate_done		/* skip relocation */
	ldr	r2, =__image_copy_end	/* r2 <- SRC &__image_copy_end */

copy_loop:
	ldmia	r1!, {r10-r11}		/* copy from source address [r1]    */
	stmia	r0!, {r10-r11}		/* copy to   target address [r0]    */
	cmp	r1, r2			/* until source end address [r2]    */
	blo	copy_loop

	/*
	 * fix .rel.dyn relocations
	 */
	ldr	r2, =__rel_dyn_start	/* r2 <- SRC &__rel_dyn_start */
	ldr	r3, =__rel_dyn_end	/* r3 <- SRC &__rel_dyn_end */
fixloop:
	ldmia	r2!, {r0-r1}		/* (r0,r1) <- (SRC location,fixup) */
	and	r1, r1, #0xff
	cmp	r1, #23			/* relative fixup? */
	bne	fixnext

	/* relative fix: increase location by offset */
	add	r0, r0, r4
	ldr	r1, [r0]
	add	r1, r1, r4
	str	r1, [r0]
fixnext:
	cmp	r2, r3
	blo	fixloop

relocate_done:

#ifdef __XSCALE__
	/*
	 * On xscale, icache must be invalidated and write buffers drained,
	 * even with cache disabled - 4.2.7 of xscale core developer's manual
	 */
	mcr	p15, 0, r0, c7, c7, 0	/* invalidate icache */
	mcr	p15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 4	/* drain write buffer */
#endif

	/* ARMv4- don't know bx lr but the assembler fails to see that */

#ifdef __ARM_ARCH_4__
	mov	pc, lr
#else
	bx	lr
#endif

ENDPROC(relocate_code)

board_init_r完成一些后续的外设初始化,及其他后续工作

void board_init_r(gd_t *new_gd, ulong dest_addr)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_NEEDS_MANUAL_RELOC
	int i;
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_AVR32
	mmu_init_r(dest_addr);
#endif

#if !defined(CONFIG_X86) && !defined(CONFIG_ARM) && !defined(CONFIG_ARM64)
	gd = new_gd;
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_NEEDS_MANUAL_RELOC
	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(init_sequence_r); i++)
		init_sequence_r[i] += gd->reloc_off;
#endif

	if (initcall_run_list(init_sequence_r))
		hang();

	/* NOTREACHED - run_main_loop() does not return */
	hang();
}
init_sequence_r 定义如下
init_fnc_t init_sequence_r[] = { 2 initr_trace, 
initr_reloc, 
initr_caches, 
initr_reloc_global_data, 
initr_barrier, 
initr_malloc, 
initr_console_record, 
bootstage_relocate, 
initr_bootstage, 
board_init, /* Setup chipselects */ 
stdio_init_tables, 
initr_serial, 
initr_announce, 
INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
power_init_board, 
initr_flash, 
INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
initr_nand, 
initr_mmc, 
initr_env, 
INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
initr_secondary_cpu, 
INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
stdio_add_devices, 
initr_jumptable, 
console_init_r,
INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET 
interrupt_init, 
initr_enable_interrupts, 
initr_ethaddr, 
board_late_init, 
INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET 
INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
initr_net, 
INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
run_main_loop,
run_main_loop里就是死循环main_loop
void main_loop(void)
{
	const char *s;

	bootstage_mark_name(BOOTSTAGE_ID_MAIN_LOOP, "main_loop");

#ifndef CONFIG_SYS_GENERIC_BOARD
	puts("Warning: Your board does not use generic board. Please read\n");
	puts("doc/README.generic-board and take action. Boards not\n");
	puts("upgraded by the late 2014 may break or be removed.\n");
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_VERSION_VARIABLE
	setenv("ver", version_string);  /* set version variable */
#endif /* CONFIG_VERSION_VARIABLE */

	cli_init();

	run_preboot_environment_command();

#if defined(CONFIG_UPDATE_TFTP)
	update_tftp(0UL, NULL, NULL);
#endif /* CONFIG_UPDATE_TFTP */

	s = bootdelay_process();
	if (cli_process_fdt(&s))
		cli_secure_boot_cmd(s);

	autoboot_command(s);

	cli_loop();
}

当在uboot倒计时之前按下任意键就会到cli_loop函数里执行命令处理函数

 

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/lzd626/p/11901670.html