Response二次封装
from rest_framework.response import Response
'''
return MyResponse(status=1,msg='error',results=[],token='a.b.c',http_status=400,exception=True)
Response模块的响应数据 data,最终数据results,Response模块需要向前台展示的一般有响应数据data(包括data里面的results),网络状态码status,是否异常exception
return Response(
data={
'status':1,
'msg':'error',
'results':[],
token:'a.b.c'
},
status=400,
exception=True
'''
class APIResponse(Response):
def __init__(self,status=0,msg='ok',results=None,http_status=None,
headers=None,exception=False,content_type=None,**kwargs):
#将status、msg、results、kwargs格式化成data
data={
'status':status,
'msg':msg,
}
#results只要不为空都是数据:False、0、''都是数据==》条件不能写if results
if results is not None:
data['results']=results
#将kwargs中额外的k-v数据添加data中 字典的update方法
data.update(**kwargs)
super().__init__(data=data,status=http_status,headers=headers,exception=exception,content_type=content_type)
连表深度查询
- 外键字段默认显示的是外键值(int类型),不会自己进行深度查询
- 深度查询方式:
- 子序列化:必须有子序列化类配合,不能反序列化
- 配置depth:自动深度查询的是关联表的所有字段,数据量太多
- 插拔式@property:名字不能与外键名同名
#serializers.py
class BookModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
list_serializer_class = BookListSerializer
model = models.Book
fields = ['name', 'price', 'publish', 'authors', 'publish_info', 'author_list']
extra_kwargs = {
'publish': {
'write_only': True
},
'authors': {
'write_only': True
}
}
#models.py
class Book(BaseModel):
name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)
publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', related_name='books', db_constraint=False, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, null=True)
authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author', related_name='books', db_constraint=False)
@property
def publish_info(self): #单个数据
return {
'name': self.publish.name,
'address':self.publish.address,
}
@property
def author_list(self):
author_list_temp = [] # 存放所有作者格式化成数据的列表
authors=self.authors.all() #所有作者
for author in authors: #遍历处理所有作者
author_dic={
'name':author.name,
}
try: #有详情才处理详情信息
author_dic['mobile']=author.detail.mobile
except:
author_dic['mobile']='无'
author_list_temp.append(author_dic) #将处理过的数据添加到数据列表中
return author_list_temp #返回处理后的结果
def __str__(self):
return self.name
单查群查接口
class BookAPIView(APIView):
# 单查群查
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if pk:
book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False, pk=pk).first()
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_obj)
else:
book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_query, many=True)
return Response({
'status': 0,
'msg': 'ok',
'results': book_ser.data
})
单删群删接口
# 单删群删
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
'''
单删:接口:/books/(pk)/ 数据:空
群删:接口/books/ 数据:[pk1,...pkn]
逻辑:修改is_delete字段,修改成功代表删除成功
'''
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if pk:
pks = [pk] # 将单删格式化成群删一条
else:
pks = request.data # 群删
try: # 数据如果有误,数据库执行会出错
rows = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False, pk__in=pks).update(is_delete=True)
except:
return APIResponse(1, '数据有误')
if rows:
return APIResponse(0, '删除成功')
return APIResponse(1, '删除失败')
单增群增接口
# 单增群增
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
'''
单增:接口:/books/数据:{...}
群增:接口:/books/数据:[{...},...,{...}]
逻辑:将数据给序列化类处理,数据的类型关系到many属性是否为True
'''
if isinstance(request.data, dict):
many = False
elif isinstance(request.data, list):
many = True
else:
return Response(data={'detail': '数据有误'}, status=400)
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(data=request.data, many=many)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_obj_or_list = book_ser.save()
return APIResponse(results=serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_obj_or_list, many=many).data)
ListSerializer类分析
- ModelSerializer默认没有群改功能,所以它配置了ListSerializer辅助类,帮助完成群增群改,需要在ModelSerializer类的Meta中设置list_serializer_class
- 自定义ListSerializer子类,将子类绑定给list_serializer_class
- 如果除了群增还有群改,就不需要自定义配置,但是需要群改,必须自定义配置
class BookListSerializer(serializers.ListSerializer):
# 自定义的群增群改辅助类,没有必要重写create方法
def create(self, validated_data):
return super().create(validated_data)
def update(self, instance_list, validated_data_list):
return [
self.child.update(instance_list[index], attrs) for index, attrs in enumerate(validated_data_list)
]
put方法的整体单改和群改
# 整体单改群改
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
单改:接口:/books/(pk)/ 数据:{...}
群增:接口:/books/ 数据:[{pk, ...}, ..., {pk, ...}]
逻辑:将数据给系列化类处理,数据的类型关系到 many 属性是否为True
"""
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if pk: # 单改
try:
# 与增的区别在于,需要明确被修改的对象,交给序列化类
book_instance = models.Book.objects.get(is_delete=False, pk=pk)
except:
return Response({'detail': 'pk error'}, status=400)
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(instance=book_instance, data=request.data)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_obj = book_ser.save()
return APIResponse(results=serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_obj).data)
else: # 群改
# 分析(重点):
# 1)数据是列表套字典,每个字典必须带pk,就是指定要修改的对象,如果有一条没带pk,整个数据有误
# 2)如果pk对应的对象已被删除,或是对应的对象不存在,可以认为整个数据有误(建议),可以认为将这些错误数据抛出即可
request_data = request.data
try:
pks = []
for dic in request_data:
pk = dic.pop('pk') # 解决分析1,没有pk pop方法就会抛异常
pks.append(pk)
book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False, pk__in=pks).all()
if len(pks) != len(book_query):
raise Exception('pk对应的数据不存在')
except Exception as e:
return Response({'detail': '%s' % e}, status=400)
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(instance=book_query, data=request_data, many=True)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_list = book_ser.save()
return APIResponse(results=serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_list, many=True).data)
局部单改群改
- 设置partial=True的序列化类,参与反序列化的字段,都会置为选填字段
- 提供了值得字段发生修改。
- 没有提供的字段采用被修改对象原来的值
- 设置context的值,目的:在序列化完成自定义校验(局部与全局钩子)时,可能需要视图类中的变量,如请求对象request
- 可以通过context将其传入,在序列化校验方法中,self.context就能拿到传入的视图类中的变量
# 局部单改群改
def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if pk: # 单改
try:
book_instance = models.Book.objects.get(is_delete=False, pk=pk)
except:
return Response({'detail': 'pk error'}, status=400)
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(instance=book_instance, data=request.data, partial=True, context={'request': request})
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_obj = book_ser.save()
return APIResponse(results=serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_obj).data)
else: # 群改
request_data = request.data
try:
pks = []
for dic in request_data:
pk = dic.pop('pk')
pks.append(pk)
book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False, pk__in=pks).all()
if len(pks) != len(book_query):
raise Exception('pk对应的数据不存在')
except Exception as e:
return Response({'detail': '%s' % e}, status=400)
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(instance=book_query, data=request_data, many=True, partial=True)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_list = book_ser.save()
return APIResponse(results=serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_list, many=True).data)