yum命令
yum命令是在Fedora和RedHat以及SUSE中基于rpm的软件包管理器,它可以使系统管理人员交互和自动化地更细与管理RPM软件包,能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装,可以自动处理依赖性关系,并且一次安装所有依赖的软体包,无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。
yum提供了查找、安装、删除某一个、一组甚至全部软件包的命令,而且命令简洁而又好记。
语法
yum(选项)(参数)
选项
-h:显示帮助信息;
-y:对所有的提问都回答“yes”;
-c:指定配置文件;
-q:安静模式;
-v:详细模式;
-d:设置调试等级(0-10);
-e:设置错误等级(0-10);
-R:设置yum处理一个命令的最大等待时间;
-C:完全从缓存中运行,而不去下载或者更新任何头文件。
参数
install:安装rpm软件包; update:更新rpm软件包; check-update:检查是否有可用的更新rpm软件包; remove:删除指定的rpm软件包; list:显示软件包的信息; search:检查软件包的信息; info:显示指定的rpm软件包的描述信息和概要信息; clean:清理yum过期的缓存; shell:进入yum的shell提示符; resolvedep:显示rpm软件包的依赖关系; localinstall:安装本地的rpm软件包; localupdate:显示本地rpm软件包进行更新; deplist:显示rpm软件包的所有依赖关系。
实例
部分常用的命令包括:
- 自动搜索最快镜像插件:
yum install yum-fastestmirror
- 安装yum图形窗口插件:
yum install yumex
- 查看可能批量安装的列表:
yum grouplist
安装
yum install #全部安装 yum install package1 #安装指定的安装包package1 yum groupinsall group1 #安装程序组group1
更新和升级
yum update #全部更新 yum update package1 #更新指定程序包package1 yum check-update #检查可更新的程序 yum upgrade package1 #升级指定程序包package1 yum groupupdate group1 #升级程序组group1
查找和显示
yum info package1 #显示安装包信息package1 yum list #显示所有已经安装和可以安装的程序包 yum list package1 #显示指定程序包安装情况package1 yum groupinfo group1 #显示程序组group1信息yum search string 根据关键字string查找安装包
删除程序
yum remove | erase package1 #删除程序包package1 yum groupremove group1 #删除程序组group1 yum deplist package1 #查看程序package1依赖情况
清除缓存
yum clean packages #清除缓存目录下的软件包 yum clean headers #清除缓存目录下的 headers yum clean oldheaders #清除缓存目录下旧的 headers
Linux Yum 命令使用举例(很全很实用)
原文地址:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-09/42108p2.htm
纵观Linux各发行版使用的软件包管理命令,如apt-get ,dpkg, rpm ,yum,emerge等等。在命令行下,利用这类软件包管理方式来安装、卸载软件,升级软件包都将提高操作效率。Linux 的图形界面,也可以很好的完成相关操作。但是,使用命令行方式,将会得到比图形界面更好地体验。
本文给大家讲解Yum的使用15个范例:
Yum软件包管理方式,在Red Hat,Fedora,CentOS等发行版本上运用广泛。
#1,安装软件
命令格式:
yum install packagename
举例:
# yum install postgresql.x86_64
Resolving Dependencies
Install 2 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Package(s) data still to download: 3.0 M
(1/2): postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64.rpm | 2.8 MB 00:11
(2/2): postgresql-libs-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64.rpm | 203 kB 00:00
------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 241 kB/s | 3.0 MB 00:12
Running Transaction
Installing : postgresql-libs-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64 1/2
Installing : postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64 2/2
Complete!
上述过程中会提示你是否同意安装软件,如果嫌此问麻烦的话,可以使用下面参数-y,直接安装软件:
举例:
# yum -y install postgresql.x86_64
#2,卸载软件
命令格式:
yum remove package举例:
# yum remove postgresql.x86_64
Resolving Dependencies
---> Package postgresql.x86_64 0:9.0.4-5.fc15 will be erased
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running Transaction
Erasing : postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64 1/1
Removed:
postgresql.x86_64 0:9.0.4-5.fc15
Complete!
#3,升级现有软件包
命令格式:
yum update package使用举例:
# yum update postgresql.x86_64
#4,“yum search”搜索已安装软件包
命令格式:
yum search keyword使用举例,搜索软件包firefox:
# yum search firefox
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
============== N/S Matched: firefox ======================
firefox.x86_64 : Mozilla Firefox Web browser
gnome-do-plugins-firefox.x86_64 : gnome-do-plugins for firefox
mozilla-firetray-firefox.x86_64 : System tray extension for firefox
mozilla-adblockplus.noarch : Adblocking extension for Mozilla Firefox
mozilla-noscript.noarch : JavaScript white list extension for Mozilla Firefox
Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
#5,使用yum info查看软件包额外信息
命令格式:
yum info package使用举例:
# yum info samba-common.i686
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
Available Packages
Name : samba-common
Arch : i686
Epoch : 1
Version : 3.5.11
Release : 71.fc15.1
Size : 9.9 M
Repo : updates
Summary : Files used by both Samba servers and clients
URL : http://www.samba.org/
License : GPLv3+ and LGPLv3+
Description : Samba-common provides files necessary for both the server and client
: packages of Samba.
#6,“yum list”查看可安装的软件包
下面命令将会列出可安装的软件包:
# yum list | less
#7,“yum list installed”列出已安装软件包
可使用命令“yum list installed” 查看在系统上已安装的软件包:
# yum list installed | less
#8,”yum provides”查看特定文件属于哪个软件包
大家可以使用”yum provides”查看特定文件属于哪个软件包:
举例:
# yum provides /etc/sysconfig/nfs
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-10.fc15.x86_64 : NFS utilities and supporting clients and
: daemons for the kernel NFS server
Repo : fedora
Matched from:
Filename : /etc/sysconfig/nfs
1:nfs-utils-1.2.4-1.fc15.x86_64 : NFS utilities and supporting clients and
: daemons for the kernel NFS server
Repo : updates
Matched from:
Filename : /etc/sysconfig/nfs
1:nfs-utils-1.2.4-1.fc15.x86_64 : NFS utilities and supporting clients and
: daemons for the kernel NFS server
Repo : installed
Matched from:
Other : Provides-match: /etc/sysconfig/nfs
#9,”yum grouplist”列出可获得的软件组
在yum中,几个相关的软件包会被放在一个特定的组内。大家安装某个软件组,这样就会安装该组所有的软件包。
使用举例:
# yum grouplist
Installed Groups:
Administration Tools
Base
Design Suite
....
Installed Language Groups:
Arabic Support [ar]
Armenian Support [hy]
Bengali Support [bn]
....
Available Groups:
Authoring and Publishing
Books and Guides
Clustering
DNS Name Server
Development Libraries
Development Tools
Directory Server
Dogtag Certificate System
...
#10,使用yum groupinstall 安装某个特定软件组:
上个命令是列出软件组,使用“yum groupinstall ”来安装特定的软件组:
使用举例:
# yum groupinstall 'DNS Name Server'
Dependencies Resolved
Install 2 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Package(s) data still to download: 3.6 M
(1/2): bind-9.8.0-9.P4.fc15.x86_64.rpm | 3.6 MB 00:15
(2/2): bind-chroot-9.8.0-9.P4.fc15.x86_64.rpm | 69 kB 00:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Total 235 kB/s | 3.6 MB 00:15
Installed:
bind-chroot.x86_64 32:9.8.0-9.P4.fc15
Dependency Installed:
bind.x86_64 32:9.8.0-9.P4.fc15
Complete!
#11,使用“groupupdate”升级软件组
使用“yum groupinstall”安装软件组后,可用下面命令升级该软件组到最新版本:
# yum groupupdate 'Graphical Internet'
Dependencies Resolved
Upgrade 5 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running Transaction
Updating : evolution-data-server-3.0.2-1.fc15.x86_64 1/10
Updating : evolution-3.0.2-3.fc15.x86_64 2/10
Updating : evolution-NetworkManager-3.0.2-3.fc15.x86_64 3/10
Updating : evolution-help-3.0.2-3.fc15.noarch 4/10
Updating : empathy-3.0.2-3.fc15.x86_64 5/10
Cleanup : evolution-NetworkManager-3.0.1-1.fc15.x86_64 6/10
Cleanup : evolution-help-3.0.1-1.fc15.noarch 7/10
Cleanup : evolution-3.0.1-1.fc15.x86_64 8/10
Cleanup : empathy-3.0.1-3.fc15.x86_64 9/10
Cleanup : evolution-data-server-3.0.1-1.fc15.x86_64 10/10
Complete!
#12,”yum groupremove”卸载软件组
使用举例:
# yum groupremove 'DNS Name Server'
Dependencies Resolved
Remove 2 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running Transaction
Erasing : 32:bind-chroot-9.8.0-9.P4.fc15.x86_64 1/2
Erasing : 32:bind-9.8.0-9.P4.fc15.x86_64 2/2
Complete!
#13,列出当前yum软件源
使用举例
# yum repolist
repo id repo name status
Fedora Fedora 15 - x86_64 24,085
updates Fedora 15 - x86_64 - Updates 5,612
列出所有软件源(“yum repolist all”):
# yum repolist all
repo id repo name status
fedora Fedora 15 - x86_64 enabled: 24,085
fedora-debuginfo Fedora 15 - x86_64 - Debug disabled
fedora-source Fedora 15 - Source disabled
rawhide-debuginfo Fedora - Rawhide - Debug disabled
rawhide-source Fedora - Rawhide - Source disabled
updates Fedora 15 - x86_64 - Updates enabled: 5,612
updates-debuginfo Fedora 15 - x86_64 - Updates - Debug disabled
updates-source Fedora 15 - Updates Source disabled
updates-testing Fedora 15 - x86_64 - Test Updates disabled
updates-testing-debuginfo Fedora 15 - x86_64 - Test Updates Debug disabled
updates-testing-source Fedora 15 - Test Updates Source disabled
也可以使用命令“yum repositories disabled”查看已损坏的软件源。
#14,使用“yum –enablerepo”从已损坏软件源安装软件
默认情况下,yum安装软件只从当前未被损坏的软件源中安装软件。如果我们想要从已损坏源中安装软件,可以使用命令:
# yum --enablerepo=fedora-source install vim-X11.x86_64
Dependencies Resolved
Install 1 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running Transaction
Installing : 2:vim-X11-7.3.138-1.fc15.x86_64 1/1
Complete!
#15,使用Yum Shell
如下事例:
# yum shell
Setting up Yum Shell
> info samba.x86_64
Available Packages
Name : samba
Arch : x86_64
Epoch : 1
Version : 3.5.11
Release : 71.fc15.1
Size : 4.6 M
Repo : updates
Summary : Server and Client software to interoperate with Windows machines
URL : http://www.samba.org/
License : GPLv3+ and LGPLv3+
Description :
: Samba is the suite of programs by which a lot of PC-related
: machines share files, printers, and other information (such as
: lists of available files and printers). The Windows NT, OS/2, and
: Linux operating systems support this natively, and add-on packages
: can enable the same thing for DOS, Windows, VMS, UNIX of all
: kinds, MVS, and more. This package provides an SMB/CIFS server
: that can be used to provide network services to SMB/CIFS clients.
: Samba uses NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT) protocols and does NOT
: need the NetBEUI (Microsoft Raw NetBIOS frame) protocol.
>
可以使用yum shell 运行多个命令:
举例:
# cat yum_cmd.txt
repolist
info nfs-utils-lib.x86_64
# yum shell yum_cmd.txt
repo id repo name status
fedora Fedora 15 - x86_64 24,085
updates Fedora 15 - x86_64 - Updates 5,612
Available Packages
Name : nfs-utils-lib
Arch : x86_64
Version : 1.1.5
Release : 5.fc15
Size : 61 k
Repo : fedora
Summary : Network File System Support Library
URL : http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/nfsv4/linux/
License : BSD
Description : Support libraries that are needed by the commands and
: daemons the nfs-utils rpm.
Leaving Shell
https://blog.csdn.net/u012359618/article/details/51199309
原文地址:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-09/42108p2.htm
纵观Linux各发行版使用的软件包管理命令,如apt-get ,dpkg, rpm ,yum,emerge等等。在命令行下,利用这类软件包管理方式来安装、卸载软件,升级软件包都将提高操作效率。Linux 的图形界面,也可以很好的完成相关操作。但是,使用命令行方式,将会得到比图形界面更好地体验。
本文给大家讲解Yum的使用15个范例:
Yum软件包管理方式,在Red Hat,Fedora,CentOS等发行版本上运用广泛。
#1,安装软件
命令格式:
yum install packagename
举例:
# yum install postgresql.x86_64
Resolving Dependencies
Install 2 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Package(s) data still to download: 3.0 M
(1/2): postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64.rpm | 2.8 MB 00:11
(2/2): postgresql-libs-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64.rpm | 203 kB 00:00
------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 241 kB/s | 3.0 MB 00:12
Running Transaction
Installing : postgresql-libs-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64 1/2
Installing : postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64 2/2
Complete!
上述过程中会提示你是否同意安装软件,如果嫌此问麻烦的话,可以使用下面参数-y,直接安装软件:
举例:
# yum -y install postgresql.x86_64
#2,卸载软件
命令格式:
yum remove package举例:
# yum remove postgresql.x86_64
Resolving Dependencies
---> Package postgresql.x86_64 0:9.0.4-5.fc15 will be erased
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running Transaction
Erasing : postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64 1/1
Removed:
postgresql.x86_64 0:9.0.4-5.fc15
Complete!
#3,升级现有软件包
命令格式:
yum update package使用举例:
# yum update postgresql.x86_64
#4,“yum search”搜索已安装软件包
命令格式:
yum search keyword使用举例,搜索软件包firefox:
# yum search firefox
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
============== N/S Matched: firefox ======================
firefox.x86_64 : Mozilla Firefox Web browser
gnome-do-plugins-firefox.x86_64 : gnome-do-plugins for firefox
mozilla-firetray-firefox.x86_64 : System tray extension for firefox
mozilla-adblockplus.noarch : Adblocking extension for Mozilla Firefox
mozilla-noscript.noarch : JavaScript white list extension for Mozilla Firefox
Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
#5,使用yum info查看软件包额外信息
命令格式:
yum info package使用举例:
# yum info samba-common.i686
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
Available Packages
Name : samba-common
Arch : i686
Epoch : 1
Version : 3.5.11
Release : 71.fc15.1
Size : 9.9 M
Repo : updates
Summary : Files used by both Samba servers and clients
URL : http://www.samba.org/
License : GPLv3+ and LGPLv3+
Description : Samba-common provides files necessary for both the server and client
: packages of Samba.
#6,“yum list”查看可安装的软件包
下面命令将会列出可安装的软件包:
# yum list | less
#7,“yum list installed”列出已安装软件包
可使用命令“yum list installed” 查看在系统上已安装的软件包:
# yum list installed | less
#8,”yum provides”查看特定文件属于哪个软件包
大家可以使用”yum provides”查看特定文件属于哪个软件包:
举例:
# yum provides /etc/sysconfig/nfs
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-10.fc15.x86_64 : NFS utilities and supporting clients and
: daemons for the kernel NFS server
Repo : fedora
Matched from:
Filename : /etc/sysconfig/nfs
1:nfs-utils-1.2.4-1.fc15.x86_64 : NFS utilities and supporting clients and
: daemons for the kernel NFS server
Repo : updates
Matched from:
Filename : /etc/sysconfig/nfs
1:nfs-utils-1.2.4-1.fc15.x86_64 : NFS utilities and supporting clients and
: daemons for the kernel NFS server
Repo : installed
Matched from:
Other : Provides-match: /etc/sysconfig/nfs
#9,”yum grouplist”列出可获得的软件组
在yum中,几个相关的软件包会被放在一个特定的组内。大家安装某个软件组,这样就会安装该组所有的软件包。
使用举例:
# yum grouplist
Installed Groups:
Administration Tools
Base
Design Suite
....
Installed Language Groups:
Arabic Support [ar]
Armenian Support [hy]
Bengali Support [bn]
....
Available Groups:
Authoring and Publishing
Books and Guides
Clustering
DNS Name Server
Development Libraries
Development Tools
Directory Server
Dogtag Certificate System
...
#10,使用yum groupinstall 安装某个特定软件组:
上个命令是列出软件组,使用“yum groupinstall ”来安装特定的软件组:
使用举例:
# yum groupinstall 'DNS Name Server'
Dependencies Resolved
Install 2 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Package(s) data still to download: 3.6 M
(1/2): bind-9.8.0-9.P4.fc15.x86_64.rpm | 3.6 MB 00:15
(2/2): bind-chroot-9.8.0-9.P4.fc15.x86_64.rpm | 69 kB 00:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Total 235 kB/s | 3.6 MB 00:15
Installed:
bind-chroot.x86_64 32:9.8.0-9.P4.fc15
Dependency Installed:
bind.x86_64 32:9.8.0-9.P4.fc15
Complete!
#11,使用“groupupdate”升级软件组
使用“yum groupinstall”安装软件组后,可用下面命令升级该软件组到最新版本:
# yum groupupdate 'Graphical Internet'
Dependencies Resolved
Upgrade 5 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running Transaction
Updating : evolution-data-server-3.0.2-1.fc15.x86_64 1/10
Updating : evolution-3.0.2-3.fc15.x86_64 2/10
Updating : evolution-NetworkManager-3.0.2-3.fc15.x86_64 3/10
Updating : evolution-help-3.0.2-3.fc15.noarch 4/10
Updating : empathy-3.0.2-3.fc15.x86_64 5/10
Cleanup : evolution-NetworkManager-3.0.1-1.fc15.x86_64 6/10
Cleanup : evolution-help-3.0.1-1.fc15.noarch 7/10
Cleanup : evolution-3.0.1-1.fc15.x86_64 8/10
Cleanup : empathy-3.0.1-3.fc15.x86_64 9/10
Cleanup : evolution-data-server-3.0.1-1.fc15.x86_64 10/10
Complete!
#12,”yum groupremove”卸载软件组
使用举例:
# yum groupremove 'DNS Name Server'
Dependencies Resolved
Remove 2 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running Transaction
Erasing : 32:bind-chroot-9.8.0-9.P4.fc15.x86_64 1/2
Erasing : 32:bind-9.8.0-9.P4.fc15.x86_64 2/2
Complete!
#13,列出当前yum软件源
使用举例
# yum repolist
repo id repo name status
Fedora Fedora 15 - x86_64 24,085
updates Fedora 15 - x86_64 - Updates 5,612
列出所有软件源(“yum repolist all”):
# yum repolist all
repo id repo name status
fedora Fedora 15 - x86_64 enabled: 24,085
fedora-debuginfo Fedora 15 - x86_64 - Debug disabled
fedora-source Fedora 15 - Source disabled
rawhide-debuginfo Fedora - Rawhide - Debug disabled
rawhide-source Fedora - Rawhide - Source disabled
updates Fedora 15 - x86_64 - Updates enabled: 5,612
updates-debuginfo Fedora 15 - x86_64 - Updates - Debug disabled
updates-source Fedora 15 - Updates Source disabled
updates-testing Fedora 15 - x86_64 - Test Updates disabled
updates-testing-debuginfo Fedora 15 - x86_64 - Test Updates Debug disabled
updates-testing-source Fedora 15 - Test Updates Source disabled
也可以使用命令“yum repositories disabled”查看已损坏的软件源。
#14,使用“yum –enablerepo”从已损坏软件源安装软件
默认情况下,yum安装软件只从当前未被损坏的软件源中安装软件。如果我们想要从已损坏源中安装软件,可以使用命令:
# yum --enablerepo=fedora-source install vim-X11.x86_64
Dependencies Resolved
Install 1 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running Transaction
Installing : 2:vim-X11-7.3.138-1.fc15.x86_64 1/1
Complete!
#15,使用Yum Shell
如下事例:
# yum shell
Setting up Yum Shell
> info samba.x86_64
Available Packages
Name : samba
Arch : x86_64
Epoch : 1
Version : 3.5.11
Release : 71.fc15.1
Size : 4.6 M
Repo : updates
Summary : Server and Client software to interoperate with Windows machines
URL : http://www.samba.org/
License : GPLv3+ and LGPLv3+
Description :
: Samba is the suite of programs by which a lot of PC-related
: machines share files, printers, and other information (such as
: lists of available files and printers). The Windows NT, OS/2, and
: Linux operating systems support this natively, and add-on packages
: can enable the same thing for DOS, Windows, VMS, UNIX of all
: kinds, MVS, and more. This package provides an SMB/CIFS server
: that can be used to provide network services to SMB/CIFS clients.
: Samba uses NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT) protocols and does NOT
: need the NetBEUI (Microsoft Raw NetBIOS frame) protocol.
>
可以使用yum shell 运行多个命令:
举例:
# cat yum_cmd.txt
repolist
info nfs-utils-lib.x86_64
# yum shell yum_cmd.txt
repo id repo name status
fedora Fedora 15 - x86_64 24,085
updates Fedora 15 - x86_64 - Updates 5,612
Available Packages
Name : nfs-utils-lib
Arch : x86_64
Version : 1.1.5
Release : 5.fc15
Size : 61 k
Repo : fedora
Summary : Network File System Support Library
URL : http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/nfsv4/linux/
License : BSD
Description : Support libraries that are needed by the commands and
: daemons the nfs-utils rpm.
Leaving Shell