一、数据序列化的几种方式
在Django的视图函数中，我们从数据库中获取数据，由以下几种方式将其序列化成JSON数据：
1.方式一
class PublishView(View): def get(self, request): publish_list = list(Publish.objects.all().values()) return HttpResponse(json.dumps(publish_list))
通过list强转的方式。
前台接收到的数据：
[{"id": 1, "name": "\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email": "[email protected]"}, {"id": 2, "name":
"\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email": "[email protected]"}, {"id": 3, "name": "\u90ae\u7535\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email":
"[email protected]"}, {"id": 4, "name": "\u56db\u5ddd\u6587\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email": "[email protected]"}]
2.方式二
class PublishView(View): def get(self, request): publish_list = Publish.objects.all() temp = [] for obj in publish_list: temp.append({ 'id': obj.id, 'name': obj.name, 'email': obj.email }) return HttpResponse(json.dumps(temp))
通过字段拼接的方式。
使用model_to_dict方法来将对象转换成字典：
class PublishView(View): def get(self, request): from django.forms.models import model_to_dict publish_list = Publish.objects.all() temp = [] for obj in publish_list: temp.append(model_to_dict(obj)) return HttpResponse(json.dumps(temp))
前台接收到的数据：
[{"id": 1, "name": "\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email": "[email protected]"}, {"id": 2, "name":
"\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email": "[email protected]"}, {"id": 3, "name": "\u90ae\u7535\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email":
"[email protected]"}, {"id": 4, "name": "\u56db\u5ddd\u6587\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email": "[email protected]"}]
3.方式三
利用django中的序列化组件：·
class PublishView(View): def get(self, request): from django.core import serializers publish_list = Publish.objects.all() ret = serializers.serialize("json", publish_list) return HttpResponse(ret)
前台接收到的数据：
[{"model": "demo.publish", "pk": 1, "fields": {"name": "\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email":
"[email protected]"}}, {"model": "demo.publish", "pk": 2, "fields": {"name": "\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email":
"[email protected]"}}, {"model": "demo.publish", "pk": 3, "fields": {"name": "\u90ae\u7535\u51fa\u7248\u793e", "email":
"[email protected]"}}, {"model": "demo.publish", "pk": 4, "fields": {"name": "\u56db\u5ddd\u6587\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e",
"email": "[email protected]"}}]
4.方式四
利用restframework中的serializer：
from rest_framework import serializers class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer): name = serializers.CharField() email = serializers.EmailField() class PublishView(View): def get(self, request): publish_list = Publish.objects.all() # 如果序列化queryset，则需要参数many=True ps = PublishSerializers(publish_list, many=True) # 如果是queryset其中一个obj，则不需要many参数 # ps = PublishSerializers(obj) return HttpResponse(ps.data)
这种方式的前提是安装djangorestframework。
前端接收到的数据：
OrderedDict([('name', '清华大学出版社'), ('email', '[email protected]')])OrderedDict([('name', '工业出版社'), ('email', '[email protected]')])OrderedDict([('name', '邮电出版社'), ('email', '[email protected]')])OrderedDict([('name', '四川文学出版社'), ('email', '[email protected]')])
数据是多个有序字典组成的列表。
二、安装restframe
pip install djangorestframework