1. 可以通过cmd 进入oracle控制台

如果是linux，需要先 # su - oracle 切换到oracle用户环境下

>> sqlplus /nolog   //进入oralce控制台

>> conn sys/tiger as sysdba //以管理员权限登录

>> create user zmj identified by 123456; //创建用户名zmj密码123456

>> create tablespace ts_zmj datafile 'E:\oracleInstall\zmj_data.dbf' size 200M autoextend on; //创建一个表空间，大小200M,可以自动扩展

>> alter user zmj default tablespace ts_zmj; //将表空间ts_zmj给zmj用户使用

>> grant create session,create table,create view,create sequence,unlimited tablespace to zmj; //给用户分配权限

>> select *from session_privs; //查询当前用户所具有的权限 

>> drop user zmj cascade; //删除用户及其相关对象

2. 导入dmp文件

imp chalco1129/[email protected]/orcl file=E:\oracleBakData\manual_chalco1129.dmp full=y

3. 导出dmp数据

3.1 导出某个用户下全部

exp chalco1230/chalco1230 file=/upload/manual_chalco1230.dmp

3.2 将数据库TEST完全导出,用户名system 密码manager 导出到D:\daochu.dmp中

exp system/manager@TEST file=d:\daochu.dmp full=y

3.3 将数据库中system用户与sys用户的表导出

exp system/manager@TEST file=d:\daochu.dmp owner=(system,sys)

3.4 将数据库中的表table1 、table2导出

exp system/manager@TEST file=d:\daochu.dmp tables=(table1,table2)

3.5 将数据库中的表table1中的字段filed1以"00"打头的数据导出

exp system/manager@TEST file=d:\daochu.dmp tables=(table1) query=\" where filed1 like '00%'\"

4. 创建表/序列

4.1 创建表 stu

create table stu (
id number(6) primary key,
name varchar2(20) not null,
gender number(1),
age number(3),
email varchar2(50) unique
);

4.2 创建序列 seq_stu 从1开始，每次增加1，无缓存

create sequence seq_stu start with 1 increment by 1 nocache;

4.3 插入表 stu ID根据序列自动增长,唯一性

insert into stu values (seq_stu.nextval,'张三',1,22,'[email protected]');

5. 创建约束 / 索引 / 视图

5.1 创建sett_glsetting表的唯一约束，名称为un_abc；对应的表字段为abc

###创建唯一约束会自动创建一个同名的唯一索引####

alter table sett_glsetting add constraints un_abc UNIQUE (abc);

5.2 删除sett_glsetting表的唯一约束，名称为un_abc；对应的表字段为abc

###删除唯一约束会自动删除一个同名的唯一索引####

alter table sett_glsetting drop constraints un_abc;

5.3 可以单独创建索引 sett_glsetting表的索引，名称为idx_abc；对应的表字段为abc

create index idx_abc on sett_glsetting(abc);

5.4 索引是全局的，可以直接指定删除

drop index idx_glvoucheridrule;

5.5 创建/替换视图

#####视图最好设置为只读

###1. 在多个人不同权限查看相同的一个或多个表需要显示不同内容时##

###2. 多个地方用到同样的查询结果，但是很复杂，那么单独做个视图，然后跟其他关联##

create or replace view view_sett_glsetting_for_hr as
(
select
id, --员工ID
officeid --办公ID
from sett_glsetting)
with read only;

6. 查询sql

6.1 decode 相当于if elseif elseif else

select name,decode(gender,1,'男',2,'女','妖')as gender from stu;

6.2 nvl 、nvl2 如果这个字段为空，则设置一个默认值；nvl2 如果不为空，则为第一个默认值，否则为第二个默认值

select name,nvl(EMAIL,'未填写邮箱')as email from stu;
select name,nvl2(email,'已设置邮箱','未设置邮箱') from stu;

6.3 to_date 字符串转成日期

select to_date('2020-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd') from dual;

6.4 rownum 当需取前几位的数据，如果其他字段用不上时；但rownum只能是<或=

select * from 
(select stu.*,rownum as sturownum 
    from stu where rownum <= 10) a 
where a.sturownum >= 2;

7. PLSQL过程化语言 Oracle自己的编程语言

7.1 plsql变量常量的使用

declare
  --变量声明,包含静态赋值 / 动态赋值 / into指定
  v_abc varchar2(20) := 'xiaoming';
  v_bcd number(3) := &请输入年龄;
  v_def varchar2(30);
  --变量可以动态绑定某个表的字段
  v_name stu.name%type;
  --变量还可以动态绑定整个表的字段
  v_stu stu%rowtype;
  -- 常量声明
  v_country constant varchar2(10) := 'China';
begin
   --业务逻辑
   dbms_output.put_line(v_abc || '----' || v_bcd);
   
   select email into v_def from stu where id = 2;
   dbms_output.put_line(v_def);
   
   select name into v_name from stu where id = 2;
   dbms_output.put_line(v_name);
   
   select * into v_stu from stu where id = 2;
   dbms_output.put_line(v_stu.name || '--' || v_stu.age || '--' || v_stu.email);
   
   dbms_output.put_line(v_country);
   exception
     when NO_DATA_FOUND then
       dbms_output.put_line('数据没有找到！');
end;

7.2 plsql中的流程控制

declare
  v_stu stu%rowtype;
  v_sql varchar2(100);
  v_id stu.id%type := &请输入学生ID;
  exception_age_invalid exception; --自定义异常
begin
   v_sql := 'select * from stu where id=:id';
   execute immediate v_sql
           into v_stu
           using v_id;
           
   -- if else语句
   if v_stu.age > 180 then
     raise exception_age_invalid;
   elsif v_stu.age > 60 then
     dbms_output.put_line(v_stu.name || '--' || v_stu.age || '，该退休了！');
   elsif v_stu.age > 18 then
     dbms_output.put_line(v_stu.name || '--' || v_stu.age || '，可以工作！');
   else
     dbms_output.put_line(v_stu.name || '--' || v_stu.age || '，未成年！');
   end if;
   
   --case when 语句
   case v_stu.gender
     when 1 then
       dbms_output.put_line(v_stu.name || '是男生！');
     when 2 then
       dbms_output.put_line(v_stu.name || '是女生！');
     else 
       dbms_output.put_line(v_stu.name || '是男生！');
   end case;
   
   --异常处理 包括自定义异常和预定义异常
   exception
     when exception_age_invalid then
       dbms_output.put_line('年龄无效！');
     when NO_DATA_FOUND then
       dbms_output.put_line('数据没有找到！');
end;

7.3 游标 cursor

declare
  v_name stu.name%type := '&请输入学生姓名：';
  v_stu stu%rowtype;
  cursor cursor_query_all(stu_name varchar2) is select * from stu where name = stu_name;
begin
  open cursor_query_all(v_name);
  loop
    fetch cursor_query_all into v_stu;       
    if cursor_query_all%found then
      dbms_output.put_line(v_stu.name || ',年龄是' || v_stu.age);
    else
      exit;
    end if;
  end loop;
  close cursor_query_all;
  
  -- 如果是 for循环，会自动开启关闭游标，相对简单些
  for v_stu in cursor_query_all(v_name) loop
    dbms_output.put_line(v_stu.name || ',年龄是' || v_stu.age);
  end loop;
end;

7.4 存储过程 procedure

7.4.1 创建一个存储过程

create or replace procedure pro_test111(
      -- IN是输入参数  OUT是输出参数
      p_name IN varchar2,
      p_age IN number,
      p_result IN OUT varchar2
) is
begin
  dbms_output.put_line(p_name || p_age);
  if  5 > 3 then
      p_result := 'success';
  end if;
end;

7.4.2 java程序调用存储过程

public void procedureTest(){
		String sql = "{ call pro_test111(?,?,?)}";
		CallableStatement call = null;
		try {
			call = conn.prepareCall(sql);
			//IN需要set  OUT需要reister
			call.setString(1, "jdbc");
			call.setInt(2, 2);
			call.setString(3, "default");
			call.registerOutParameter(3, Types.VARCHAR);
			call.execute();
			//拿到返回值
			Object object = call.getObject(3);
			System.out.println(object);
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			//关闭连接
			DBConfig.close(call, conn);
		}
	}

8. 查询优化

8.1将数据量最小的表放到左侧，效率相对会高些；

9. Java代码调用

9.1 DBUtils工具调用

9.1.1 首先引入oracle6.jar commons-dbutils-1.4.jar c3p0-0.9.1.2.jar包

9.1.2 在新建db.properties

poolName=c3p0
className=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl
username=chalco1129
password=chalco1129
initialPoolSize=10
minPoolSize=20
maxPoolSize=50
maxIdleTime=30

9.1.3 新建数据库连接配置信息工具类

package com.isoftstone.utils;

import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
/**
 * 数据库连接配置信息
 * @author mjzhud
 *
 */
public class DBConfiguration {
	private static Properties pro;
	static {
		//加载属性文件，读取数据库连接配置信息
		pro = new Properties();
		try {
			pro.load(DBConfiguration.class.getResourceAsStream("/db.properties"));
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.out.println("未找到配置文件！！！");
		}
	}
	
	public static Connection getConnection() {
		if ("c3p0".equals(pro.getProperty("poolName"))) return getC3P0Connection();
		if ("dbcp".equals(pro.getProperty("poolName"))) return getC3P0Connection();
		return null;
	}
	
	
	
	private static Connection getC3P0Connection(){
		ComboPooledDataSource c3p0 = new ComboPooledDataSource();
		try {
			c3p0.setDriverClass(pro.getProperty("className"));
			c3p0.setJdbcUrl(pro.getProperty("url"));
			c3p0.setUser(pro.getProperty("username"));
			c3p0.setPassword(pro.getProperty("password"));
			c3p0.setInitialPoolSize(Integer.valueOf(pro.getProperty("initialPoolSize")));
			c3p0.setMinPoolSize(Integer.valueOf(pro.getProperty("minPoolSize")));
			c3p0.setMaxPoolSize(Integer.valueOf(pro.getProperty("maxPoolSize")));
			c3p0.setMaxIdleTime(Integer.valueOf(pro.getProperty("maxIdleTime")));
			return c3p0.getConnection();
		} catch (PropertyVetoException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.out.println("连接失败，检查用户名和密码");
		}
		return null;
	}
	
	public static void close(Statement statement,Connection conn){
		try {
			if (statement != null) statement.close();
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
                try {
			if (conn != null) conn.close();
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	public static void close(ResultSet rs,Statement statement,Connection conn){
		try {
			if (rs != null) rs.close();
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		close(statement,conn);
	}
}

9.1.4 新建JdbcDBUtil工具类

package com.isoftstone.utils;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapListHandler;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import bios.report.core.chart.t;

import com.isoftstone.manager.bean.Student;
import com.isoftstone.utils.DBConfiguration;

public class JdbcDBUtil {

	private static Connection conn = DBConfiguration.getConnection();
	public static QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner();
	
	
	public static int add(String sql) throws SQLException{
		int count = -1;
		try {
			conn.setAutoCommit(false);
			count = runner.update(conn , sql);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			conn.rollback();
		} finally {
			conn.commit();
		}
		if (count > 0) {
			System.out.println("一条新增成功");
			return 1;
		}
		System.out.println("一条新增失败");
		return -1;
	}
	
	public static int add(String sql,Object[] params) throws SQLException{
		int count = -1;
		try {
			conn.setAutoCommit(false);
			count = runner.update(conn , sql, params);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			conn.rollback();
		} finally {
			conn.commit();
		}
		if (count > 0) {
			System.out.println("一条新增成功");
			return 1;
		}
		System.out.println("一条新增失败");
		return -1;
	}
	public static int update(String sql) throws SQLException{
		try {
			conn.setAutoCommit(false);
			runner.update(conn , sql);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			conn.rollback();
			return -1;
		} finally {
			conn.commit();
		}
		System.out.println("一条更新成功");
		return 1;
	}
	
	public static int update(String sql,Object[] params) throws SQLException{
		try {
			conn.setAutoCommit(false);
			runner.update(conn , sql, params);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			conn.rollback();
			return -1;
		} finally {
			conn.commit();
		}
		System.out.println("一条更新成功");
		return 1;
	}
	public static int delete(String sql) throws SQLException{
		try {
			conn.setAutoCommit(false);
			runner.update(conn , sql);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			conn.rollback();
			return -1;
		} finally {
			conn.commit();
		}
		System.out.println("一条删除成功");
		return 1;
	}
	
	public static int delete(String sql,Object[] params) throws SQLException{
		try {
			conn.setAutoCommit(false);
			runner.update(conn , sql, params);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			conn.rollback();
			return -1;
		} finally {
			conn.commit();
		}
		System.out.println("一条删除成功");
		return 1;
	}
	
	/**
	 * DBUtils批处理，只能处理同一预处理sql语句
	 * @param sql
	 * @param paramArr
	 * @return
	 * @throws SQLException
	 */
	public static int dbUtilsBatch(String sql,Object[][] paramArr) throws SQLException{
		int[] count = null;
		try {
			conn.setAutoCommit(false);
			count = runner.batch(conn , sql, paramArr);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			conn.rollback();
			return -1;
		} finally {
			conn.commit();
		}
		int updateCount = 0;
		if (count != null && count.length > 0) {
			for (int i : count) {
				if (i > 0) updateCount++;
	 		}
		}
		System.out.println("影响的行数="+updateCount);
		return 1;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Statement可以批量处理各种sql
	 * @param sqls
	 * @return
	 * @throws SQLException
	 */
	public static int statementBatch(String[] sqls) throws SQLException{
		Statement statement = conn.createStatement();
		for (String sql : sqls) {
			statement.addBatch(sql);
		}
		int[] count = null;
		try {
			conn.setAutoCommit(false);
			count = statement.executeBatch();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			conn.rollback();
			return -1;
		} finally {
			conn.commit();
			DBConfiguration.close(statement, conn);
		}
		int updateCount = 0;
		if (count != null && count.length > 0) {
			for (int i : count) {
				if (i > 0) updateCount++;
	 		}
		}
		System.out.println("影响的行数="+updateCount);
		return 1;
	}
	
	public static List<Map<String, Object>> queryList(String sql) throws SQLException{
		return runner.query(conn, sql, new MapListHandler());
	}
	public static List<Map<String, Object>> queryList(String sql,Object[] params) throws SQLException{
		return runner.query(conn, sql, new MapListHandler(),params);
	}
}

9.1.5 新建Bean类

package com.isoftstone.manager.bean;

public class Student {
	private long id;
	private String name;
	private int gender;
	private int age;
	private String email;
	public long getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getGender() {
		return gender;
	}
	public void setGender(int gender) {
		this.gender = gender;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public String getEmail() {
		return email;
	}
	public void setEmail(String email) {
		this.email = email;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", gender=" + gender
				+ ", age=" + age + ", email=" + email + "]";
	}
}

9.1.6 新建Dao接口

package com.isoftstone.manager.dao;

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

import com.isoftstone.manager.bean.Student;

public interface StudentDao {
	public int add(Student stu) throws SQLException;
	public int updateById(Student stu) throws SQLException;
	public int deleteById(int id) throws SQLException;
	public Student queryById(int id) throws SQLException;
	public List<Student> queryAll() throws SQLException;
}

9.1.7 新建Dao实现类

package com.isoftstone.manager.dao.impl;

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;

import com.isoftstone.manager.bean.Student;
import com.isoftstone.manager.dao.StudentDao;
import com.isoftstone.utils.DBConfiguration;
import com.isoftstone.utils.JdbcDBUtil;

public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {

	public int add(Student stu) throws SQLException {
		String sql = "insert into stu values (seq_stu.nextval,?,?,?,?)";
		Object[] params = new Object[]{stu.getName(),stu.getGender(),stu.getAge(),stu.getEmail()};
		return JdbcDBUtil.add(sql,params);
	}

	public int updateById(Student stu) throws SQLException {
		String sql = "update stu set name = ?,gender=?,age=?,email=? where id = ?";
		Object[] params = new Object[]{stu.getName(),stu.getGender(),stu.getAge(),stu.getEmail(),stu.getId()};
		return JdbcDBUtil.update(sql,params);
	}

	public int deleteById(int id) throws SQLException {
		String sql = "delete from stu where id = " + id;
		return JdbcDBUtil.delete(sql);
	}

	public Student queryById(int id) throws SQLException {
		String sql = "select * from stu where id = ?";
		return JdbcDBUtil.runner.query(DBConfiguration.getConnection(), sql, new BeanHandler<Student>(Student.class),id);
	}

	public List<Student> queryAll() throws SQLException {
		String sql = "select * from stu where id = ?";
		return JdbcDBUtil.runner.query(DBConfiguration.getConnection(), sql, new BeanListHandler<Student>(Student.class));
	}
}

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