Maven搭建SSM框架
此笔记是在学习XXXSSM整合视频后的一般总结
Maven创建web项目
原来使用maven创建web项目,选择的是webapp模板,这里在创建Maven项目时,选中create a simple project(skip archetype selection)
此时的项目只是一个普通的java项目,需要把它变成一个web项目
然后右键项目,选中properties
中,在Project Facets
中,取消选中的Dynamic Web Module
,Apply
之后,再选中Dynamic Web Module
,测试,选择如下的红色框所示:
弹出如下所示的输入框,在Content directory
中输入src/main/webapp
(表示生成的web.xml
的位置),勾选上Generate web.xml deployment descriptor
创建好后,一个基本的web项目就成型了,也可能还需要对web.xml做一些响应的修改
pom.xml
创建好后,就需要导入jar包了,引入的jar包。需要引入的jar包包括:
1.Spring
2.SpringMVC
3.Mybatis
4.数据库连接池,驱动包
5.其它模块
- jstl
- servlet-api,注意其
scope
为provided
,表示服务器提供的有 - junit,注意其
scope
为test
- jackson,返回
json
数据用
6.其它可选的包,根据自己需求,导入的包,如
- mybatis generator的包,自动生成mybatis相关的mapper和sql
- mybatis的pagehelper,分页插件
- spring-test包,用于测试
- hibernate-validator,JSR303数据校验
一些注意点是:
1.在maven中依赖spring-webmvc
后,会自动导入如下的包,所以就不用导入其它的包了,可参考spring核心框架体系结构(各个jar包作用),来了解各个jar包之间的依赖关系:
- spring-webmvc
- spring-aop
- spring-beans
- spring-context
- spring-core
- commons-logging
- spring-expression
- spring-web
pom.xml
中导入的主要包如下:
<properties>
<!-- spring版本号 -->
<spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
<!-- mybatis版本号 -->
<mybatis.version>3.4.2</mybatis.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- Springmvc Spring的包 -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring jdbc -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring 面向切面编程 -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aspects -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Mybatis -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Mybatis整合Spring的适配包 -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis-spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据库连接池 驱动的包 -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/c3p0/c3p0 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.41</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jstl, servlet-api, junit -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/jstl/jstl -->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis.generator/mybatis-generator-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-generator-core</artifactId>
<version>1.3.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring测试模块 -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入pageHelper分页插件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
<artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
<version>5.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Jackson返回json数据用 -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.8.8</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JSR303数据校验支持 1.tomcat7以上的服务器,直接导入hibernate-validator即可 2.tomcat7以下的服务器,el表达式不是新的标准,所以额外的给服务器lib包中替换新的标准的el -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate.validator/hibernate-validator -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>6.0.2.Final</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
静态文件的处理
对于js、css,image等静态资源,可在webapp
文件下,创建一个static
文件夹,将所有的静态资源放在static文件夹下,如下:
配置文件
配置文件主要包括如下的几个部分:
- web.xml的配置
- Spring的配置
- SpringMVC的配置
- Mybatis的配置
web.xml
的配置
web.xml
的配置主要包括:
- 启动Spring的容器的配置,配置一个
ContextLoaderListener
,指定spring配置文件的位置 - 配置SpringMVC的前端控制器
DispatcherServlet
。其默认配置文件名为servlet的名字-servlet.xml
,其默认的位置是位于WEB-INF
文件夹下。但我们也可以指定SpringMVC配置文件的文件名和位置 - 字符编码过滤器
- 如果是使用REST风格的URI,配置
HiddenHttpMethodFilter
过滤器。如果想直接可以发送PUT请求,可配置一个HttpPutFormContentFilter
过滤器
配置文件都位于src/main/resources
下:
web.xml
中的内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<!-- 1.启动Spring的容器 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 2.SpringMVC的前端控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:dispatcherServlet-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 3.字符编码过滤器,一定放在所有过滤器之前 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceRequestEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 4.使用Restful风格的URI,把post请求转为delete或put请求 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- HttpPutFormContentFilter 可直接发送put请求 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>HttpPutFormContentFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HttpPutFormContentFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
SpringMVC的配置
SpringMVC的配置dispatcherServlet-servlet.xml
包含网站跳转逻辑的控制和配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">
<!-- SpringMVC的配置文件,包含网站跳转逻辑的控制,配置 -->
<!-- 只扫描控制器,需要把use-default-filters设置为false -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.wz" use-default-filters="false">
<!-- 只扫描控制器 -->
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 两个标准配置 -->
<!-- 将springmvc不能处理的资源交给tomcat -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- 能支持springmvc更高级的功能,比如JSR303校验,快捷的ajax..... -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
Spring的配置
Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml
,包括:
1.数据源
2.事务控制
3.Mybatis的整合
- mybatis配置文件的位置
- mybatis的数据源
- 指定mapper映射文件的位置
- 扫描路径,即dao接口的位置
创建一个dbconfig.properties
,包含数据源相关信息:
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/ssm_crud?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=
applicationContext.xml
内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd">
<!-- Spring的配置文件,主要配置和业务逻辑有关的 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.wz">
<!-- 不扫描控制器 -->
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
<!-- 数据源 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:dbconfig.properties" />
<bean id="pooledDataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"></property>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置和Mybatis的整合 -->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="pooledDataSource"></property>
<!-- 指定mybatis全局配置文件的位置 -->
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"></property>
<!-- 指定mybatis mapper文件 -->
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置扫描器,将mybatis接口的实现加入到ioc容器 -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<!-- 扫描所有dao接口的实现,加入到ioc容器 -->
<property name="basePackage" value="com.wz.crud.dao"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置一个批量插入的sqlSession 可选 -->
<bean id="sqlSession" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
<constructor-arg name="sqlSessionFactory" ref="sqlSessionFactory"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="executorType" value="BATCH"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- 事务控制的配置 -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="pooledDataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 开启基于注解的事务,使用xml配置形式的事务(主要使用的都是配置式) -->
<aop:config>
<!--切入点表达式 -->
<aop:pointcut expression="execution (* com.wz.crud.service..*(..))" id="txPoint" />
<!-- 配置事务增强 -->
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPoint" />
</aop:config>
<!-- 配置事务增强,事务如何增强 -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<!-- 所有的方法都是事务方法 -->
<tx:method name="*" />
<!-- 以get开始的方法 -->
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
</beans>
Mybatis配置
Mybatis的全局配置文件mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<!-- 驼峰转换 -->
<setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true" />
</settings>
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.wz.crud.bean" />
</typeAliases>
<!-- 在 MyBatis 配置 xml 中配置拦截器插件 可选 -->
<plugins>
<!-- com.github.pagehelper为PageHelper类所在包名 -->
<plugin interceptor="com.github.pagehelper.PageInterceptor">
<!-- 使用下面的方式配置参数,后面会有所有的参数介绍 -->
<!-- 分页合理化参数 -->
<property name="reasonable" value="true" />
</plugin>
</plugins>
</configuration>
测试
框架基本搭建起来后,就需要验证测试了。
官网Testing
可参考:
DAO测试
原来通常的方法是,加载IoC容器获取bean,但这样做还是比较麻烦的。Spring有一个测试框架,能够整合JUnit进行测试。
1.需要导入Spring Test
,在maven中添加依赖即可:
<!-- spring测试模块 -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
2.配置测试类,添加如下的注解,指定spring配置文件的位置:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:applicationContext.xml" })
@RunWith
注释标签是 Junit 提供的,用来说明此测试类的运行者,这里用了SpringJUnit4ClassRunner
,这个类是一个针对 Junit 运行环境的自定义扩展,用来标准化在 Spring 环境中 Junit4.5 的测试用例,例如支持的注释标签的标准化@ContextConfiguration
注释标签是 Spring test context 提供的,用来指定 Spring 配置信息的来源,支持指定 XML 文件位置或者 Spring 配置类名,这里我们指定 classpath 下的 applicationContext.xml 为配置文件的位置
Mapper的测试如下:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:applicationContext.xml" })
public class MapperTest {
@Autowired
DepartmentMapper departmentMapper;
@Autowired
EmployeeMapper employeeMapper;
@Autowired
SqlSession sqlSession;// 批量的sqlSession
@Test
public void testCRUD() {
// ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
// context.getBean(DepartmentMapper.class);
System.out.println(departmentMapper);
// 1.插入几个部门
// departmentMapper.insertSelective(new Department(null, "开发部"));
// departmentMapper.insertSelective(new Department(null, "测试部"));
// 2.插入几个员工
// employeeMapper.insertSelective(new Employee(null, "Jerry", "M", "[email protected]", 3));
// 批量插入
EmployeeMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapper.class);
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
String uid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0, 5) + i;
mapper.insertSelective(new Employee(null, uid, "M", uid + "@163.com", 3));
}
}
}
SpringMVC测试
可参考:
如下的分页测试:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:applicationContext.xml", "classpath:dispatcherServlet-servlet.xml"})
public class MVCTest {
@Autowired
WebApplicationContext context;
//虚拟mvc请求,获得处理结果
MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void initMockMVC() {
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(context).build();
}
@Test
public void testPage() throws Exception{
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/emps").param("pn", "1")).andReturn();
MockHttpServletRequest request = result.getRequest();
PageInfo pi = (PageInfo) request.getAttribute("pageInfo");
System.out.println("当前页码:" + pi.getPageNum());
System.out.println("总页码:" + pi.getPages());
System.out.println("总记录数:" + pi.getTotal());
System.out.println("在页面连续显示的页码:");
int[] nums = pi.getNavigatepageNums();
for (int i : nums) {
System.out.print(" " + i);
}
List<Employee> list = pi.getList();
for (Employee employee : list) {
System.out.println(employee);
}
}
}