前言:
如何下载docker,并且拉取mysql镜像,请点击这篇博文。
创建mysql容器进行持久化&设置远程连接&导入sql文件(centos7)
主/从服务器配置文件
我们需要在服务器上创建两个文件master.cnf和slave.cnf。并将两个文件的独有配置,配置进去。
master.cnf 独有配置
[mysqld]
server-id=1
#开启二进制记录
log-bin=master-bin
log-bin-index=master-bin-index
slave.cnf 独有配置
[mysqld]
server-id=2
relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index
relay-log=slave-relay-bin
这两个配置文件不仅可以配置主从,也可以将字符集编码,缓存什么的配置都可以写进去。
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
symbolic-links=0
#字符集相关
init_connect='SET collation_connection=utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
#skip-networking
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
max_connections = 2000
max_connect_errors = 6000
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 128
max_allowed_packet = 4M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 28M
key_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 8M
query_cache_limit = 2M
ft_min_word_len = 4
binlog_format = mixed
#relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index
performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
#lower_case_table_names = 1
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
# Recommended in standard MySQL setup
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M
容器创建:
主数据库:
- -p 3306:3306:对外暴露端口,外部ip可以通过此端口访问数据库
- –name mastermysql : 设置容器名字
- -v /home/conf/master.cnf:/etc/mysql/conf.d/master.cnf :冒号前为上文配置master.cnf路径,后面为容器中mysql配置文件存放路径。 需要注意的是,master.cnf文件之前在容器中并不存在,我们通过挂载的方式在启动时将其挂载到配置文件路径下进行加载配置。
- -v /home/data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -d :因为容器是不持久化的,为了防止容器崩溃后数据丢失,我们通过挂载的方式将数据存放在服务器指定的目录下。
- –restart always :若容器挂掉,尝试自己重启。
- -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 设置mysql服务器密码
- -d mysql:5.7: 启动容器需要的镜像。上面教程下载的mysql镜像时1.8的 因此,这一步,只写个mysql就可以了。
docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mastermysql -v /home/conf/master.cnf:/etc/mysql/conf.d/master.cnf -v /home/data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -d --restart always -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.7
从数据库:
和上面基本一样,就改下名字,换下挂载路径
docker run -p 3307:3306 --name slavemysql -v /home/conf/slave.cnf:/etc/mysql/conf.d/slave.cnf -v /home/data/mysql/slave01:/var/lib/mysql -d --restart always -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.7
容器启动后MySQL配置
获取容器的ip地址
这两个ip地址,同一个服务器两个容器之间进行通信时需要用到,若两个容器部署在不同的服务器上,那么两个容器通信的ip地址就是服务器的ip地址。
- 操作命令
docker inspect --format ‘{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}’ 容器名/id
# docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' mastermysql
172.17.0.2
[root@iz2zei9wv79ob7vwy7y1jcz ~]# docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' slavemysql
172.17.0.3
进入数据库
//进入容器
[root@iz2zei9wv79ob7vwy7y1jcz mysql]# docker exec -it mastermysql bash
//登陆容器中的mysql
root@a6cfcbb779aa:/# mysql -u root -p
主数据库配置:
- 记录file和position的地址,配置从库时会用到
mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master-bin.000003 | 154 | | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 在主库创建一个单独账户,让从库用来连接:
//创建用户
mysql> create user repl;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
//设置该用户权限
// grant replication slave 授予从主库复制权限
// *.* 所有库,所有表
//'repl'@'172.17.0.3' identified by 'mysql' 该用户必须从此ip连接,并且使用密码为mysql
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'172.17.0.3' identified by 'mysql';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
从库配置:
//主库的ip/端口/登陆主库时的用户账号,密码
//注意:ip为上文的所确定的主库容器ip,若主从库容器属于不同服务器,ip则为服务器ip。
//master_log_file 主库的二进制文件,上文记住的就是在这用
//master_log_pos 指针,从文件0的位置开始读
//拓展:如果从服务器挂掉,该指针可以设置为从服务器挂掉之前的主服务器的pos指针位置开始同步,
//避免太大的资源浪费
mysql> change master to master_host='172.17.0.2',
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_user='repl',
-> master_password='mysql',
-> master_log_file='master-bin.000003',
-> master_log_pos=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
//开启从服务器
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
主从验证
- 可以看到从库状态并没有发生任何错误,并且从上文我们可以知道主库的pos时1284,我们配置从库时,是从0配置。但此时显示为1280,因此也可以确定从库连接主库成功。
- Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event:等待主服务器发送数据
//从库操作
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.17.0.2
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1284
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 1499
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1284
Relay_Log_Space: 1700
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: bec5dbf1-4b1b-11ea-8779-0242ac110002
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified