前后端分离

什么叫前后端分离:

​ 前端和后端分离开

前端: 将浏览器中为用户进行页面展示的部分称之为前端

后端: 为前端提供业务逻辑和数据准备的所有代码统称为后端

前后端分工:

​ 前后端开发工作的分工就是前后端分离。 前后端分工;(错误的认识)

真的前后端分离:

​ 不仅仅是前端和后端的分工开发,而是架构的模式

前后端分离好处

(1) 专业的人做专业的事情

(2) 提高开发效率 --并行开发

(3) 应对复杂多变的需求

(4) 提高维护性

(5) 成本高 有钱人做的

搭建脚手架工程

1)创建一个web项目

2)vue init webpack

3)npm run dev

Elementui

Element，一套为开发者、设计师和产品经理准备的基于 Vue 2.0 的桌面端组件库,网站快速成型的工具 类似easyui layui

elementui使用

​1)安装 : npm i element-ui -S

2)在main.js 引入:

import ElementUI from 'element-ui';
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';
Vue.use(ElementUI);

3)组件

测试elementui的组件

elementui组件

layout

<template>
  <div class="hello">
    <el-row>
      <el-col :span="24"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-dark"></div></el-col>
    </el-row>
    <el-row>
      <el-col :span="12"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
      <el-col :span="12"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
    </el-row>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'HelloWorld',
  data () {
    return {
      msg: 'layouta'
    }
  }
}
</script>

<!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style scoped>
h1, h2 {
  font-weight: normal;
}
ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  padding: 0;
}
li {
  display: inline-block;
  margin: 0 10px;
}
a {
  color: khaki;
}

.el-row {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
&:last-child {
   margin-bottom: 0;
 }
}
.el-col {
  border-radius: 4px;
}
.bg-purple-dark {
  background: #99a9bf;
}
.bg-purple {
  background: #d3dce6;
}
.bg-purple-light {
  background: #e5e9f2;
}
.grid-content {
  border-radius: 4px;
  min-height: 36px;
}
.row-bg {
  padding: 10px 0;
  background-color: #f9fafc;
}
</style>

message

<template>
  <div class="hello">
    <el-button :plain="true" @click="open1">消息</el-button>
    <el-button :plain="true" @click="open2">成功</el-button>
    <el-button :plain="true" @click="open3">警告</el-button>
    <el-button :plain="true" @click="open4">错误</el-button>
    <el-button :plain="true" @click="openVn">VNode</el-button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        methods: {
            open1() {
                this.$message({
                    showClose: true,
                    message: '这是一条消息提示'
                });
            },

            open2() {
                this.$message({
                    showClose: true,
                    message: '恭喜你，这是一条成功消息',
                    type: 'success'
                });
            },

            open3() {
                this.$message({
                    showClose: true,
                    message: '警告哦，这是一条警告消息',
                    type: 'warning'
                });
            },

            open4() {
                this.$message({
                    showClose: true,
                    message: '错了哦，这是一条错误消息',
                    type: 'error'
                });
            },
            openVn() {
                const h = this.$createElement;
                this.$message({
                    message: h('p', null, [
                        h('span', null, '内容可以是 '),
                        h('i', { style: 'color: teal' }, 'VNode')
                    ])
                });
            }
        }
    }
</script>

container

<template>
  <div class="hello">

    <el-container>
      <el-header>Header</el-header>
      <el-container>
        <el-aside width="200px">Aside</el-aside>
        <el-container>
          <el-main>Main</el-main>
          <el-footer>Footer</el-footer>
        </el-container>
      </el-container>
    </el-container>

  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'HelloWorld',
  data () {
    return {
      msg: 'container'
    }
  }
}
</script>

<!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style>
  .el-header, .el-footer {
    background-color: orchid;
    color: aquamarine;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 60px;
  }

  .el-aside {
    background-color: salmon;
    color: #42b983;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 200px;
  }

  .el-main {
    background-color: firebrick;
    color: goldenrod;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 160px;
  }

  body > .el-container {
    margin-bottom: 40px;
  }

  .el-container:nth-child(5) .el-aside,
  .el-container:nth-child(6) .el-aside {
    line-height: 260px;
  }

  .el-container:nth-child(7) .el-aside {
    line-height: 320px;
  }
</style>

tree

<template>
  <div class="custom-tree-container">
    <div class="block">
      <p>使用 render-content</p>
      <el-tree
        :data="data"
        show-checkbox
        node-key="id"
        default-expand-all
        :expand-on-click-node="false"
        :render-content="renderContent">
      </el-tree>
    </div>
    <div class="block">
      <p>使用 scoped slot</p>
      <el-tree
        :data="data"
        show-checkbox
        node-key="id"
        default-expand-all
        :expand-on-click-node="false">
      <span class="custom-tree-node" slot-scope="{ node, data }">
        <span>{{ node.label }}</span>
        <span>
          <el-button
            type="text"
            size="mini"
            @click="() => append(data)">
            Append
          </el-button>
          <el-button
            type="text"
            size="mini"
            @click="() => remove(node, data)">
            Delete
          </el-button>
        </span>
      </span>
      </el-tree>
    </div>
  </div>

</template>

<script>
    let id = 1000;

    export default {
        data() {
            const data = [{
                id: 1,
                label: '一级 1',
                children: [{
                    id: 4,
                    label: '二级 1-1',
                    children: [{
                        id: 9,
                        label: '三级 1-1-1'
                    }, {
                        id: 10,
                        label: '三级 1-1-2'
                    }]
                }]
            }, {
                id: 2,
                label: '一级 2',
                children: [{
                    id: 5,
                    label: '二级 2-1'
                }, {
                    id: 6,
                    label: '二级 2-2'
                }]
            }, {
                id: 3,
                label: '一级 3',
                children: [{
                    id: 7,
                    label: '二级 3-1'
                }, {
                    id: 8,
                    label: '二级 3-2'
                }]
            }];
            return {
                data: JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(data)),
                data: JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(data))
            }
        },

        methods: {
            append(data) {
                const newChild = { id: id++, label: 'testtest', children: [] };
                if (!data.children) {
                    this.$set(data, 'children', []);
                }
                data.children.push(newChild);
            },

            remove(node, data) {
                const parent = node.parent;
                const children = parent.data.children || parent.data;
                const index = children.findIndex(d => d.id === data.id);
                children.splice(index, 1);
            },

            renderContent(h, { node, data, store }) {
                return (
                    <span class="custom-tree-node">
                    <span>{node.label}</span>
                    <span>
                    <el-button size="mini" type="text" on-click={ () => this.append(data) }>Append</el-button>
                <el-button size="mini" type="text" on-click={ () => this.remove(node, data) }>Delete</el-button>
                </span>
                </span>);
            }
        }
    };
</script>

<style>
  .custom-tree-node {
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    font-size: 14px;
    padding-right: 8px;
  }
</style>

button

<template>
  <div class="hello">

    <el-row>
      <el-button>默认按钮</el-button>
      <el-button type="primary">主要按钮</el-button>
      <el-button type="success">成功按钮</el-button>
      <el-button type="info">信息按钮</el-button>
      <el-button type="warning">警告按钮</el-button>
      <el-button type="danger">危险按钮</el-button>
    </el-row>
    <br>
    <el-row>
      <el-button plain>朴素按钮</el-button>
      <el-button type="primary" plain>主要按钮</el-button>
      <el-button type="success" plain>成功按钮</el-button>
      <el-button type="info" plain>信息按钮</el-button>
      <el-button type="warning" plain>警告按钮</el-button>
      <el-button type="danger" plain>危险按钮</el-button>
    </el-row>
    <br>
    <el-row>
      <el-button round>圆角按钮</el-button>
      <el-button type="primary" round>主要按钮</el-button>
      <el-button type="success" round>成功按钮</el-button>
      <el-button type="info" round>信息按钮</el-button>
      <el-button type="warning" round>警告按钮</el-button>
      <el-button type="danger" round>危险按钮</el-button>
    </el-row>
    <br>
    <el-row>
      <el-button icon="el-icon-search" circle></el-button>
      <el-button type="primary" icon="el-icon-edit" circle></el-button>
      <el-button type="success" icon="el-icon-check" circle></el-button>
      <el-button type="info" icon="el-icon-message" circle></el-button>
      <el-button type="warning" icon="el-icon-star-off" circle></el-button>
      <el-button type="danger" icon="el-icon-delete" circle></el-button>
    </el-row>

  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'HelloWorld',
  data () {
    return {
      msg: 'button'
    }
  }
}
</script>

dialog

<template>
  <div class="hello">
    <!-- Table -->
    <el-button type="text" @click="dialogTableVisible = true">打开嵌套表格的 Dialog</el-button>

    <el-dialog title="收货地址" :visible.sync="dialogTableVisible">
      <el-table :data="gridData">
        <el-table-column property="date" label="日期" width="150"></el-table-column>
        <el-table-column property="name" label="姓名" width="200"></el-table-column>
        <el-table-column property="address" label="地址"></el-table-column>
      </el-table>
    </el-dialog>

    <!-- Form -->
    <el-button type="text" @click="dialogFormVisible = true">打开嵌套表单的 Dialog</el-button>

    <el-dialog title="收货地址" :visible.sync="dialogFormVisible">
      <el-form :model="form">
        <el-form-item label="活动名称" :label-width="formLabelWidth">
          <el-input v-model="form.name" autocomplete="off"></el-input>
        </el-form-item>
        <el-form-item label="活动区域" :label-width="formLabelWidth">
          <el-select v-model="form.region" placeholder="请选择活动区域">
            <el-option label="区域一" value="shanghai"></el-option>
            <el-option label="区域二" value="beijing"></el-option>
          </el-select>
        </el-form-item>
      </el-form>
      <div slot="footer" class="dialog-footer">
        <el-button @click="dialogFormVisible = false">取 消</el-button>
        <el-button type="primary" @click="dialogFormVisible = false">确 定</el-button>
      </div>
    </el-dialog>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        data() {
            return {
                gridData: [{
                    date: '2016-05-02',
                    name: '王小虎',
                    address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄'
                }, {
                    date: '2016-05-04',
                    name: '王小虎',
                    address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄'
                }, {
                    date: '2016-05-01',
                    name: '王小虎',
                    address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄'
                }, {
                    date: '2016-05-03',
                    name: '王小虎',
                    address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄'
                }],
                dialogTableVisible: false,
                dialogFormVisible: false,
                form: {
                    name: '',
                    region: '',
                    date1: '',
                    date2: '',
                    delivery: false,
                    type: [],
                    resource: '',
                    desc: ''
                },
                formLabelWidth: '120px'
            };
        }
    };
</script>

table

<template>
  <div class="hello">
    <el-table
      :data="tableData"
      style="width: 100%"
      max-height="250">
      <el-table-column
        fixed
        prop="date"
        label="日期"
        width="150">
      </el-table-column>
      <el-table-column
        prop="name"
        label="姓名"
        width="120">
      </el-table-column>
      <el-table-column
        prop="province"
        label="省份"
        width="120">
      </el-table-column>
      <el-table-column
        prop="city"
        label="市区"
        width="120">
      </el-table-column>
      <el-table-column
        prop="address"
        label="地址"
        width="300">
      </el-table-column>
      <el-table-column
        prop="zip"
        label="邮编"
        width="120">
      </el-table-column>
      <el-table-column
        fixed="right"
        label="操作"
        width="120">
        <template slot-scope="scope">
          <el-button
            @click.native.prevent="deleteRow(scope.$index, tableData)"
            type="text"
            size="small">
            移除
          </el-button>
        </template>
      </el-table-column>
    </el-table>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        methods: {
            deleteRow(index, rows) {
                rows.splice(index, 1);
            }
        },
        data() {
            return {
                tableData: [{
                    date: '2016-05-03',
                    name: '王小虎',
                    province: '上海',
                    city: '普陀区',
                    address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄',
                    zip: 200333
                }, {
                    date: '2016-05-02',
                    name: '王小虎',
                    province: '上海',
                    city: '普陀区',
                    address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄',
                    zip: 200333
                }, {
                    date: '2016-05-04',
                    name: '王小虎',
                    province: '上海',
                    city: '普陀区',
                    address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄',
                    zip: 200333
                }, {
                    date: '2016-05-01',
                    name: '王小虎',
                    province: '上海',
                    city: '普陀区',
                    address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄',
                    zip: 200333
                }, {
                    date: '2016-05-08',
                    name: '王小虎',
                    province: '上海',
                    city: '普陀区',
                    address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄',
                    zip: 200333
                }, {
                    date: '2016-05-06',
                    name: '王小虎',
                    province: '上海',
                    city: '普陀区',
                    address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄',
                    zip: 200333
                }, {
                    date: '2016-05-07',
                    name: '王小虎',
                    province: '上海',
                    city: '普陀区',
                    address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄',
                    zip: 200333
                }]
            }
        }
    }
</script>

form

<template>
  <div class="hello">
    <el-form :model="ruleForm" :rules="rules" ref="ruleForm" label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm">
      <el-form-item label="活动名称" prop="name">
        <el-input v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input>
      </el-form-item>
      <el-form-item label="活动区域" prop="region">
        <el-select v-model="ruleForm.region" placeholder="请选择活动区域">
          <el-option label="区域一" value="shanghai"></el-option>
          <el-option label="区域二" value="beijing"></el-option>
        </el-select>
      </el-form-item>
      <el-form-item label="活动时间" required>
        <el-col :span="11">
          <el-form-item prop="date1">
            <el-date-picker type="date" placeholder="选择日期" v-model="ruleForm.date1" style="width: 100%;"></el-date-picker>
          </el-form-item>
        </el-col>
        <el-col class="line" :span="2">-</el-col>
        <el-col :span="11">
          <el-form-item prop="date2">
            <el-time-picker placeholder="选择时间" v-model="ruleForm.date2" style="width: 100%;"></el-time-picker>
          </el-form-item>
        </el-col>
      </el-form-item>
      <el-form-item label="即时配送" prop="delivery">
        <el-switch v-model="ruleForm.delivery"></el-switch>
      </el-form-item>
      <el-form-item label="活动性质" prop="type">
        <el-checkbox-group v-model="ruleForm.type">
          <el-checkbox label="美食/餐厅线上活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
          <el-checkbox label="地推活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
          <el-checkbox label="线下主题活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
          <el-checkbox label="单纯品牌曝光" name="type"></el-checkbox>
        </el-checkbox-group>
      </el-form-item>
      <el-form-item label="特殊资源" prop="resource">
        <el-radio-group v-model="ruleForm.resource">
          <el-radio label="线上品牌商赞助"></el-radio>
          <el-radio label="线下场地免费"></el-radio>
        </el-radio-group>
      </el-form-item>
      <el-form-item label="活动形式" prop="desc">
        <el-input type="textarea" v-model="ruleForm.desc"></el-input>
      </el-form-item>
      <el-form-item>
        <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">立即创建</el-button>
        <el-button @click="resetForm('ruleForm')">重置</el-button>
      </el-form-item>
    </el-form>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        data() {
            return {
                ruleForm: {
                    name: '',
                    region: '',
                    date1: '',
                    date2: '',
                    delivery: false,
                    type: [],
                    resource: '',
                    desc: ''
                },
                rules: {
                    name: [
                        { required: true, message: '请输入活动名称', trigger: 'blur' },
                        { min: 1, max: 8, message: '长度在 1 到 8 个字符', trigger: 'blur' }
                    ],
                    region: [
                        { required: true, message: '请选择活动区域', trigger: 'change' }
                    ],
                    date1: [
                        { type: 'date', required: true, message: '请选择日期', trigger: 'change' }
                    ],
                    date2: [
                        { type: 'date', required: true, message: '请选择时间', trigger: 'change' }
                    ],
                    type: [
                        { type: 'array', required: true, message: '请至少选择一个活动性质', trigger: 'change' }
                    ],
                    resource: [
                        { required: true, message: '请选择活动资源', trigger: 'change' }
                    ],
                    desc: [
                        { required: true, message: '请填写活动形式', trigger: 'blur' }
                    ]
                }
            };
        },
        methods: {
            submitForm(formName) {
                this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
                    if (valid) {
                        alert('提交成功!');
                    } else {
                        console.log('错误！');
                        return false;
                    }
                });
            },
            resetForm(formName) {
                this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
            }
        }
    }
</script>

tabs

<template>
  <div class="hello">
    <el-radio-group v-model="tabPosition" style="margin-bottom: 30px;">
      <el-radio-button label="top">top</el-radio-button>
      <el-radio-button label="right">right</el-radio-button>
      <el-radio-button label="bottom">bottom</el-radio-button>
      <el-radio-button label="left">left</el-radio-button>
    </el-radio-group>

    <el-tabs :tab-position="tabPosition" style="height: 200px;">
      <el-tab-pane label="用户管理">用户管理</el-tab-pane>
      <el-tab-pane label="配置管理">配置管理</el-tab-pane>
      <el-tab-pane label="角色管理">角色管理</el-tab-pane>
      <el-tab-pane label="定时任务补偿">定时任务补偿</el-tab-pane>
    </el-tabs>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        data() {
            return {
                tabPosition: 'bottom'
            };
        }
    };
</script>

alert

<template>
  <div class="hello">
    <el-alert
      title="不可关闭的 alert"
      type="success"
      :closable="false">
    </el-alert>
    <el-alert
      title="自定义 close-text"
      type="info"
      close-text="知道了">
    </el-alert>
    <el-alert
      title="设置了回调的 alert"
      type="warning"
      @close="hello">
    </el-alert>

  </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        methods: {
            hello() {
                alert('886');
            }
        }
    }
</script>

mock.js

为什么需要模拟数据?

​ 主要针对前端人员 , 前端没有后台的数据,需要模拟进行测试

使用mockjs:

(1)安装

​ npm install mockjs

(2)测试

​ 新创建一个js文件:

var data = Mock.mock({
  name: {
    first: '@FIRST',
    middle: '@FIRST',
    last: '@LAST',
    full: '@first @middle @last',
    email:'@email',
    ip:'@ip'
  }
})
// 输出结果
console.log(JSON.stringify(data, null, 4))

3)运行 node demo

axios请求

axios类似 ajax ,封装promise(异步请求)

安装:

​ npm install axios --save

mockjs流程

注意:

main.js引入文件

import axios from 'axios'
import userMock from '../userMock'
//配置axios的全局基本路径 t
axios.defaults.baseURL=''
//全局属性配置，在任意组件内可以使用this.$http获取axios对象
Vue.prototype.$http = axios

crud.vue

1)发送请求:

getUsers(){
      let params = {
         page:this.page
      }
      //发送请求  controller {data:[],total:100}
      this.$http.post('/user/list',params).then(res=>{
         console.log("-------------------res.data {data: total}");
         console.log(res);
         this.users =  res.data.data;
         this.total = res.data.total;
      })
      }

2)被mock拦截(了解)

Mock.mock(new RegExp('/user/list'),'post',(opts) => {
  //赋值
  var list =dataList;
  console.log(opts.body) ;// "{page:2}"
  //json字符串转换成JSON对象
  var index = JSON.parse(opts.body).page; //2
  //每页条数
  var size = 10;
  //公共的条数
  var total = list.length
  //分页方法
  list = pagination(index, size, list);
  return {
    'total': total,
    'data': list
  }
})