Object所有类的超类之几个方法详析

Object类是java所有类的始祖，在java中每个类都是由它扩展而来。可以用Object类型变量引用任何类型的对象

Object obj = new Employee("bob", 40000);
Employee e = (Employee)obj;

一、介绍几种Object类的方法

toString方法

toString返回表示对象值的字符串

hash与hashCode方法

Objects.hash(Object... objs)产生并返回一个散列码。Objects.hash(name, age, hireDay)根据参数产生一个散列码

Object.hashCode()查看返回对象已经存在的散列码，每个对象都有一个默认的散列码，其值为对象的存储地址

equals方法

如果重新定义equals方法，就必须重新定义hashCode方法(e.g.String类重新定义hashCode方法，使得相同内容的字符串都有相同的hashCode)，以便用户可以将对象插入到散列表中

equals与hashCode的定义必须一致：如果x.equals(y)返回true，那么x.hashCode()就必须与y.hashCode()具有相同的值；再比如，如果用定义的Employee.equals方法比较雇员的ID，那么hashCode方法就只需要散列ID，而不是雇员的姓名或存储地址

二、上述几个方法的助理解示例代码

import java.util.*;

public class Test
{
	public static void main(String args[])
	{
		Employee e1 = new Employee("Alice", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);		
		Employee e2 = e1;
		Employee e3 = new Employee("Alice", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
		
		Employee b1 = new Employee("Bob", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
		
		System.out.println("e1 == e2: " + (e1==e2));
		System.out.println("e1 == e3: " + (e1==e3));
		System.out.println("e1.equals(e2): " + e1.equals(e2));
		System.out.println("e1.equals(e3): " + e1.equals(e3));
		System.out.println("e1.hashCode(): " + e1.hashCode());
		System.out.println("e3.hashCode(): " + e3.hashCode());
		System.out.println("e1.equals(b1): " + e1.equals(b1));
		System.out.println("b1.toString(): " + b1.toString());
		System.out.println("b1.hashCode(): " + b1.hashCode());
		
		Manager carl = new Manager("carl", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
		Manager boss = new Manager("carl", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
		boss.setBonus(5000);
//		carl.setBonus(5000);
		
		System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss.toString());
		System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss));
		System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode());
		System.out.println("boss.hashCode(): " + boss.hashCode());
		
	}
}

class Employee
{
	private String name;
	private double salary;
	private Date hireDay;
	
	public Employee(String n, double s, int year, int month, int day)
	{
		name = n;
		salary = s;
		GregorianCalendar cal = new GregorianCalendar(year, month-1, day);
		hireDay = cal.getTime();
	}
	
	public String getName()
	{
		return name;
	}
	
	public double getSalary()
	{
		return salary;
	}
	
	public Date getHireDay()
	{
		return hireDay;
	}
	
	public void raiseSalary(double percent)
	{
		salary *= (1 + percent/100);
	}
	
	public boolean equals(Object obj)
	{
		if(this == obj)
			return true;
		if(this == null)
			return false;
		if(this.getClass() != obj.getClass())
			return false;
		
		Employee tmp = (Employee)obj;
		return Objects.equals(name, tmp.name) && this.salary==tmp.salary && hireDay.equals(tmp.hireDay);
	}
	
	public int hashCode()
	{
		return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay);
	}
	
	public String toString()
	{
		return getClass().getName()+"[name="+name+",salary="+salary+",hireDay="+hireDay+"]";
	}
}

class Manager extends Employee
{
	private double bonus;
	
	public Manager(String n, double s, int year, int month, int day)
	{
		super(n, s, year, month, day);
		bonus = 0;
	}
	
	public void setBonus(double b)
	{
		bonus = b;
	}
	
	public double getSalary()
	{
		return super.getSalary() + bonus;
	}
	
	public boolean equals(Object obj)
	{
		if(!super.equals(obj))
			return false;
		Manager m = (Manager)obj;
		return bonus == m.bonus;
	}
	
	public int hashCode()
	{
		return super.hashCode() + 17*new Double(bonus).hashCode();
	}
	
	public String toString()
	{
		return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]";
	}
}

output:

e1 == e2: true
e1 == e3: false
e1.equals(e2): true
e1.equals(e3): true
e1.hashCode(): -270951486
e3.hashCode(): -270951486
e1.equals(b1): false
b1.toString(): test.Employee[name=Bob,salary=50000.0,hireDay=Sun Oct 01 00:00:00 CST 1989]
b1.hashCode(): -133040315
boss.toString(): test.Manager[name=carl,salary=80000.0,hireDay=Tue Dec 15 00:00:00 CST 1987][bonus=5000.0]
carl.equals(boss): false
carl.hashCode(): 1908734458
boss.hashCode(): -1112473094

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