第一节 Docker的入门

其他 2020-02-25 15:01:06 阅读次数: 0

1 什么是docker

 不必赘述，自己可以去百度下，哈哈
docker必须要有的东西： 镜像 容器以及仓库

2 Docker组件

Docker Client： Docker 的客户端
Docker Server：接收Docker Client发送的请求，并按照相应的路由规则实现路由分发
Docker 镜像：Docker镜像运行之后变成容器
Docker Registry： 这里更多是个仓库管理器

3 docker相对于传统的虚拟机的优势

1 启动秒级
2 资源利用率高，主机上可以运行数以千个容器
3 基本不消耗系统资源，实现运行在docker里面的应用性能很高

4 相对于传统的虚拟化技术，优势有哪些？

a 快速支付和部署
b 高效虚拟化 容器的运行不需要额外的hypervisor支持，docker属于内核级别的虚拟化，所以其性能更高
c 更轻松的钱和扩展。Docker容器可以在任意的平台上运行
d 高效的管理 只需要小小的修改就可以替代以往大量的更新工作

5 Docker 基本概念

1 Image 镜像
2 Container 容器 可以理解成简化版的Linux系统
3 Repository 仓库 存放镜像的地方。仓库注册服务器是用来管理镜像的，里面存放多个仓库，仓库里面有很多镜像，每个镜像都有不同的tag。

6 Docker的安装

1 在centos7中可以直接使用yum install docker
2 设置启动docker服务 systemctl start docker或者systemctl start docker.service
3 设置开机自启动 system enable docker.service

7 基本操作

1 怎样查询镜像 docker search mysql -s 100 查询mysql的镜像，默认查询其starts大于100的
2 拉取镜像 docker pull mysql 
3 怎样运行镜像 docker run -it  centos /bin/bash, 退出是exit, 选项-t 为容器分配一个伪终端 -i 表示交互

8 怎样创建镜像

1 修改已经有的镜像，然后使用commit提交就可以产生一个新的镜像

a) docker run -it centos /bin/bash
b) 修改镜像
c) docker commit -m "This is a description" -a "This is inforation of auther" 1f8b8eb61355 haoshuliang/centos:test  #这里是生成镜像到本地的仓库
实操 
[root@VM_0_15_centos docker]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS                  NAMES
69dff30b6322        nginx                "/bin/bash"         24 hours ago        Exited (0) 25 minutes ago                          boring_brown
8e9313993a0a        kinogmt/centos-ssh   "/bin/bash"         24 hours ago        Up 11 minutes               0.0.0.0:1234->22/tcp   youthful_lichterman
6295c6878dcb        kinogmt/centos-ssh   "/bin/bash"         25 hours ago        Up 10 minutes               22/tcp                 musing_meninsky
6a1d463e4346        4cbe7aa905e7         "/bin/bash"         25 hours ago        Exited (127) 25 hours ago                          cool_curie
[root@VM_0_15_centos docker]# docker commit -m "This is a centos with ssh" -a "haoshuliang" 6295c6878dcb  haoshuliang/centos-ssh-passwd
sha256:0c43616661009e8a72dd08d4bf6dffc05f24d50b3e47824b967be465037c75a7
[root@VM_0_15_centos docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY                      TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
haoshuliang/centos-ssh-passwd   latest              0c4361666100        8 seconds ago       931MB
haoshuliang/centos              test                ee87dab68e9d        33 hours ago        250MB
nginx                           latest              540a289bab6c        3 weeks ago         126MB
centos                          latest              0f3e07c0138f        6 weeks ago         220MB
kinogmt/centos-ssh              latest              dc8713dad282        3 years ago         773MB

2 利用Dockfile 创建镜像

1）每一个命令都会进行封装一层，并且层数有限制，最高127
2）在目录/app/docker/centos/dockfile下编写Dockerfile，如下 
# 这里就是备注
FROM centos
MAINTAINER REGAN haoshuliang
RUN yum install mysql -qqy
3）执行命令
执行创建镜像的命令 
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker build -t runoob/ubuntu:v1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/3 : FROM centos
 ---> 0f3e07c0138f
Step 2/3 : MAINTAINER REGAN haoshuliang
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 00974c980554
Step 3/3 : RUN echo "hello"
 ---> [Warning] IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
 ---> Running in 13d33e2ff867
hello
Removing intermediate container 13d33e2ff867
 ---> 5fe67db864a9
Successfully built 5fe67db864a9
Successfully tagged runoob/ubuntu:v1 # 这里就是表示成功
查看下所有的镜像 
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED              SIZE
runoob/ubuntu       v1                  5fe67db864a9        About a minute ago   220MB
centos              latest              0f3e07c0138f        6 weeks ago          220MB
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        10 months ago        1.84kB

9 怎样修改tag

执行命令 
docker tag <imgae_id>  haoshuliang/centos:v1
下面是实际操作 
# 下面是执行修改tag的操作
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker tag 5fe67db864a9 haoshuliang/centos_with_modiy:v1 
# 下面列出所有的镜像，发现只是copy了一个
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY                      TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
haoshuliang/centos_with_modiy   v1                  5fe67db864a9        2 minutes ago       220MB
runoob/ubuntu                   v1                  5fe67db864a9        2 minutes ago       220MB
centos                          latest              0f3e07c0138f        6 weeks ago         220MB
hello-world                     latest              fce289e99eb9        10 months ago       1.84kB

10 怎样导入镜像

方法1：

下面是规范 
 cat alibaba-rocketmq-3.2.6.tar.gz | docker import - rocketmq:3.2.6
实操： 
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY                      TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
haoshuliang/centos_with_modiy   v1                  5fe67db864a9        17 minutes ago      220MB
centos                          latest              0f3e07c0138f        6 weeks ago         220MB
hello-world                     latest              fce289e99eb9        10 months ago       1.84kB
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker rmi 5fe67db864a9 
Untagged: haoshuliang/centos_with_modiy:v1
Deleted: sha256:5fe67db864a920c6d142ff4cb1ade6fb919e60ef31b1c906b18ea4a50d553476
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
centos              latest              0f3e07c0138f        6 weeks ago         220MB
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        10 months ago       1.84kB
[root@localhost dockfile]# cat centos.tar.gz | docker import - haoshuliang/centos_with_modiy:v1
sha256:ee42fdec73fa6b17994a1c46a45e73b7abba6c7d2658358f0bbb332e9e0db606
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY                      TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
haoshuliang/centos_with_modiy   v1                  ee42fdec73fa        9 seconds ago       227MB
centos                          latest              0f3e07c0138f        6 weeks ago         220MB
hello-world                     latest              fce289e99eb9        10 months ago       1.84kB

方法二：

规范 
docker load --input <镜像名字.tar.gz>
实操： 
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker load --input centos.tar.gz 
Loaded image: haoshuliang/centos_with_modiy:v1
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY                      TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
haoshuliang/centos_with_modiy   v1                  5fe67db864a9        17 minutes ago      220MB
centos                          latest              0f3e07c0138f        6 weeks ago         220MB
hello-world                     latest              fce289e99eb9        10 months ago       1.84kB
note: 镜像必须是tar.gz 结尾的

11 怎样将自己的镜像上传到共享仓库

docker push haoshuliang/centos:v1.1

12 怎样将镜像保存到本地

规范 
docker save -o <镜像的名字.tar.gz> <仓库的镜像名称>
实操： 
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker save -o centos.tar.gz haoshuliang/centos_with_modiy
[root@localhost dockfile]# ls
centos.tar.gz  Dockerfile

13 怎样删除镜像

规范 
docker rmi <镜像的id>
实操 
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY                      TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
haoshuliang/centos_with_modiy   v1                  5fe67db864a9        12 minutes ago      220MB
runoob/ubuntu                   v1                  5fe67db864a9        12 minutes ago      220MB
centos                          latest              0f3e07c0138f        6 weeks ago         220MB
hello-world                     latest              fce289e99eb9        10 months ago       1.84kB
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker rmi 5fe67db864a9
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 5fe67db864a9 (must be forced) - image is referenced in multiple repositories
# 下面是强制删除，因为上面的报错中已经显示该镜像id已经被多个repositories 绑定，所以要想删除的话就必须执行强制执行
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker rmi -f 5fe67db864a9
Untagged: haoshuliang/centos_with_modiy:v1
Untagged: runoob/ubuntu:v1
Deleted: sha256:5fe67db864a920c6d142ff4cb1ade6fb919e60ef31b1c906b18ea4a50d553476

14 docker 容器的操作

启动方式一：docker run centos

操作过程

  1. a) 检查本地是否存在镜像，如果没有该镜像，则默认需要去远程仓库进行拉取
  2. b) 使用镜像创建并启动容器
  3. c) 内核给该容器分配一个文件系统，并在只读的镜像层挂载一层可读写的层
  4. d) 从宿主机主机配置的网桥接口中桥接一个虚拟接口到容器中去
  5. e) 从地址池分配一个ip地址给容器
  6. f) 执行程序
  7. g) 容器被终止

启动方式二： docker start <容器id>

实操 
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS               NAMES
9700691b7c7d        centos              "cal"                    15 minutes ago      Exited (0) 15 minutes ago                          epic_banach
3ec1dd341997        centos              "/bin/bash"              40 minutes ago      Up 15 seconds                                      gifted_williamson
6b4199286ff9        centos              "/bin/bash"              41 minutes ago      Exited (127) 41 minutes ago                        cranky_haslett
686d4162c34d        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum -qq…"   44 minutes ago      Exited (1) 43 minutes ago                          elastic_solomon
bf04a2613883        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum -qq…"   52 minutes ago      Exited (1) 51 minutes ago                          nervous_hypatia
ce534c08afce        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   59 minutes ago      Exited (1) 58 minutes ago                          unruffled_feynman
5031361bf654        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) About an hour ago                       adoring_roentgen
0a8bba509332        hello-world         "/hello"                 13 days ago         Exited (0) 13 days ago                             peaceful_kowalevski
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker stop 3ec1dd341997
3ec1dd341997
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS               NAMES
9700691b7c7d        centos              "cal"                    16 minutes ago      Exited (0) 16 minutes ago                          epic_banach
3ec1dd341997        centos              "/bin/bash"              41 minutes ago      Exited (0) 6 seconds ago                           gifted_williamson
6b4199286ff9        centos              "/bin/bash"              42 minutes ago      Exited (127) 41 minutes ago                        cranky_haslett
686d4162c34d        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum -qq…"   44 minutes ago      Exited (1) 43 minutes ago                          elastic_solomon
bf04a2613883        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum -qq…"   53 minutes ago      Exited (1) 52 minutes ago                          nervous_hypatia
ce534c08afce        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) 59 minutes ago                          unruffled_feynman
5031361bf654        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) About an hour ago                       adoring_roentgen
0a8bba509332        hello-world         "/hello"                 13 days ago         Exited (0) 13 days ago                             peaceful_kowalevski
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker start 3ec1dd341997
3ec1dd341997
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS               NAMES
9700691b7c7d        centos              "cal"                    16 minutes ago      Exited (0) 16 minutes ago                          epic_banach
3ec1dd341997        centos              "/bin/bash"              41 minutes ago      Up 4 seconds                                       gifted_williamson
6b4199286ff9        centos              "/bin/bash"              42 minutes ago      Exited (127) 41 minutes ago                        cranky_haslett
686d4162c34d        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum -qq…"   45 minutes ago      Exited (1) 44 minutes ago                          elastic_solomon
bf04a2613883        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum -qq…"   53 minutes ago      Exited (1) 52 minutes ago                          nervous_hypatia
ce534c08afce        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) 59 minutes ago                          unruffled_feynman
5031361bf654        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) About an hour ago                       adoring_roentgen
0a8bba509332        hello-world         "/hello"                 13 days ago         Exited (0) 13 days ago                             peaceful_kowalevski
Note： 适用于已经创建的容器，并得到id的名称

启动方式三：保护态运行

规范 
docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true; do echo "hello"; sleep 1; done"
实际操作： 
# 执行ps -a 查看docker容器的运行状态，并获取容器的id
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS               NAMES
c86e12b7c04a        centos              "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes                                       bold_bhabha
9700691b7c7d        centos              "cal"                    21 minutes ago      Exited (0) 21 minutes ago                          epic_banach
3ec1dd341997        centos              "/bin/bash"              46 minutes ago      Up 4 minutes                                       gifted_williamson
6b4199286ff9        centos              "/bin/bash"              47 minutes ago      Exited (127) 46 minutes ago                        cranky_haslett
686d4162c34d        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum -qq…"   49 minutes ago      Exited (1) 48 minutes ago                          elastic_solomon
bf04a2613883        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum -qq…"   58 minutes ago      Exited (1) 57 minutes ago                          nervous_hypatia
ce534c08afce        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) About an hour ago                       unruffled_feynman
5031361bf654        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) About an hour ago                       adoring_roentgen
0a8bba509332        hello-world         "/hello"                 13 days ago         Exited (0) 13 days ago                             peaceful_kowalevski
# 根据前面获取的容器id，查看打印的日志
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker logs c86e12b7c04a
hello
hello
hello
hello
...
# 下面是再执行一次，可以按键这个容器又重新创建了一个
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true; do echo "hello"; sleep 1; done"
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
0c7c5e3d4b89996dd1d9f2db3ad8db3445178e71252773bf256de203937394d5
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS               NAMES
0c7c5e3d4b89        centos              "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   4 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds                                       tender_mahavira
c86e12b7c04a        centos              "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                                       bold_bhabha
9700691b7c7d        centos              "cal"                    23 minutes ago      Exited (0) 23 minutes ago                          epic_banach
3ec1dd341997        centos              "/bin/bash"              48 minutes ago      Up 6 minutes                                       gifted_williamson
6b4199286ff9        centos              "/bin/bash"              48 minutes ago      Exited (127) 48 minutes ago                        cranky_haslett
686d4162c34d        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum -qq…"   51 minutes ago      Exited (1) 50 minutes ago                          elastic_solomon
bf04a2613883        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum -qq…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) 58 minutes ago                          nervous_hypatia
ce534c08afce        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) About an hour ago                       unruffled_feynman
5031361bf654        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) About an hour ago                       adoring_roentgen
0a8bba509332        hello-world         "/hello"                 13 days ago         Exited (0) 13 days ago                             peaceful_kowalevski

怎样删除容呢？

规范： 
docker rm -f <容器id>
实操 
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS               NAMES
0c7c5e3d4b89        centos              "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes                                       tender_mahavira
c86e12b7c04a        centos              "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes                                       bold_bhabha
9700691b7c7d        centos              "cal"                    25 minutes ago      Exited (0) 25 minutes ago                          epic_banach
3ec1dd341997        centos              "/bin/bash"              50 minutes ago      Up 9 minutes                                       gifted_williamson
6b4199286ff9        centos              "/bin/bash"              51 minutes ago      Exited (127) 50 minutes ago                        cranky_haslett
686d4162c34d        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum -qq…"   53 minutes ago      Exited (1) 52 minutes ago                          elastic_solomon
bf04a2613883        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum -qq…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) About an hour ago                       nervous_hypatia
ce534c08afce        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) About an hour ago                       unruffled_feynman
5031361bf654        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) About an hour ago                       adoring_roentgen
0a8bba509332        hello-world         "/hello"                 13 days ago         Exited (0) 13 days ago                             peaceful_kowalevski
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker rm 0c7c5e3d4b89
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 0c7c5e3d4b89996dd1d9f2db3ad8db3445178e71252773bf256de203937394d5. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker stop 0c7c5e3d4b89
0c7c5e3d4b89
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker rm 0c7c5e3d4b89
0c7c5e3d4b89
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS               NAMES
c86e12b7c04a        centos              "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes                                       bold_bhabha
9700691b7c7d        centos              "cal"                    26 minutes ago      Exited (0) 26 minutes ago                          epic_banach
3ec1dd341997        centos              "/bin/bash"              51 minutes ago      Up 9 minutes                                       gifted_williamson
6b4199286ff9        centos              "/bin/bash"              51 minutes ago      Exited (127) 51 minutes ago                        cranky_haslett
686d4162c34d        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum -qq…"   54 minutes ago      Exited (1) 53 minutes ago                          elastic_solomon
bf04a2613883        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum -qq…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) About an hour ago                       nervous_hypatia
ce534c08afce        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) About an hour ago                       unruffled_feynman
5031361bf654        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) About an hour ago                       adoring_roentgen
0a8bba509332        hello-world         "/hello"                 13 days ago         Exited (0) 13 days ago                             peaceful_kowalevski
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker rm c86e12b7c04a
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container c86e12b7c04ac5829ee48ce978dcccd9557ee0fa216444b8f01501f24e3560d8. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker rm -f c86e12b7c04a
c86e12b7c04a
[root@localhost dockfile]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS               NAMES
9700691b7c7d        centos              "cal"                    26 minutes ago      Exited (0) 26 minutes ago                          epic_banach
3ec1dd341997        centos              "/bin/bash"              51 minutes ago      Up 10 minutes                                      gifted_williamson
6b4199286ff9        centos              "/bin/bash"              52 minutes ago      Exited (127) 51 minutes ago                        cranky_haslett
686d4162c34d        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum -qq…"   55 minutes ago      Exited (1) 54 minutes ago                          elastic_solomon
bf04a2613883        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum -qq…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) About an hour ago                       nervous_hypatia
ce534c08afce        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) About an hour ago                       unruffled_feynman
5031361bf654        00974c980554        "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   About an hour ago   Exited (1) About an hour ago                       adoring_roentgen
0a8bba509332        hello-world         "/hello"                 13 days ago         Exited (0) 13 days ago                             peaceful_kowalevski

如果一个容器已经切换到后台，该如何才能重新进入容器呢

规范 
#可以使用attach的命令
docker attach <容器id>
实操 
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
5e87fb906732        nginx                     "/bin/bash"              2 hours ago         Exited (0) 2 minutes ago                       admiring_shamir
1d334f409ffd        86e716b77ca5              "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   2 hours ago         Exited (1) 2 hours ago                         amazing_cartwright
c7c9bb281a16        haoshuliang/centos:test   "/bin/bash"              4 hours ago         Exited (0) 4 hours ago                         thirsty_albattani
1f8b8eb61355        centos                    "/bin/bash"              4 hours ago         Exited (127) 4 hours ago                       optimistic_fermi
6585b34bd420        centos                    "/bin/bash"              4 hours ago         Exited (0) 4 hours ago                         charming_margulis
76d49dc677c0        hello-world               "/hello"                 4 hours ago         Exited (0) 4 hours ago                         hopeful_lichterman
a8b5c077336c        centos                    "/bin/bash"              2 days ago          Exited (127) 2 days ago                        loving_joliot
497dc2195148        centos                    "/bin/bash"              2 days ago          Exited (0) 2 days ago                          goofy_bouman
5ed8f689edf9        hello-world               "/hello"                 5 days ago          Exited (0) 5 days ago                          adoring_edison
4ac14a9991c4        hello-world               "/hello"                 5 days ago          Exited (0) 5 days ago                          sweet_chatterjee
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# docker start 5e87fb906732
5e87fb906732
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
5e87fb906732        nginx                     "/bin/bash"              2 hours ago         Up 3 seconds               80/tcp              admiring_shamir
1d334f409ffd        86e716b77ca5              "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   2 hours ago         Exited (1) 2 hours ago                         amazing_cartwright
c7c9bb281a16        haoshuliang/centos:test   "/bin/bash"              4 hours ago         Exited (0) 4 hours ago                         thirsty_albattani
1f8b8eb61355        centos                    "/bin/bash"              4 hours ago         Exited (127) 4 hours ago                       optimistic_fermi
6585b34bd420        centos                    "/bin/bash"              4 hours ago         Exited (0) 4 hours ago                         charming_margulis
76d49dc677c0        hello-world               "/hello"                 4 hours ago         Exited (0) 4 hours ago                         hopeful_lichterman
a8b5c077336c        centos                    "/bin/bash"              2 days ago          Exited (127) 2 days ago                        loving_joliot
497dc2195148        centos                    "/bin/bash"              2 days ago          Exited (0) 2 days ago                          goofy_bouman
5ed8f689edf9        hello-world               "/hello"                 5 days ago          Exited (0) 5 days ago                          adoring_edison
4ac14a9991c4        hello-world               "/hello"                 5 days ago          Exited (0) 5 days ago                          sweet_chatterjee
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# docker attach 5e87fb906732
root@5e87fb906732:/# hostname 
5e87fb906732
root@5e87fb906732:/# exit
exit
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# docker attach 5e87fb906732
You cannot attach to a stopped container, start it first
# 只要以attach进入的容器，则exit退出后容器也就会退出
怎样才能避免上述的问题呢？ 
ctrl + p
ctr + q
实操 
[root@VM_0_15_centos app]# docker attach 69dff30b6322
root@69dff30b6322:/# read escape sequence   
[root@VM_0_15_centos app]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
69dff30b6322        nginx                "/bin/bash"         13 days ago         Up 20 seconds              80/tcp              boring_brown
8e9313993a0a        kinogmt/centos-ssh   "/bin/bash"         13 days ago         Exited (137) 12 days ago                       youthful_lichterman
6295c6878dcb        kinogmt/centos-ssh   "/bin/bash"         13 days ago         Exited (137) 12 days ago                       musing_meninsky
6a1d463e4346        4cbe7aa905e7         "/bin/bash"         13 days ago         Exited (127) 13 days ago                       cool_curie


补充1 查看指定关键词的镜像

规范： 
docker images <关键词>
实操： 
[root@VM_0_15_centos app]# docker images nginx
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              540a289bab6c        5 weeks ago         126MB

补充2 怎样实现在启动容器的时候，当该容器退出的时候需要把这个容器也删除

规范： 
docker run -it --rm centos /bin/bash
实操 
# 下面是启动一个容器，该容器在退出后也会默认删除
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker run -it --rm centos /bin/bash 
# 下面默认进入容器的bash 交互界面，得到其容器的id是578ad1ecf59
[root@578ad1ecf594 /]# 
# 执行ctrl+p 和ctrl+q下的后，查看所有的运行的容器状态
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS                  NAMES
578ad1ecf594        centos               "/bin/bash"         17 seconds ago      Up 16 seconds                                     romantic_dewdney
69dff30b6322        nginx                "/bin/bash"         13 days ago         Up About an hour           80/tcp                 boring_brown
8e9313993a0a        kinogmt/centos-ssh   "/bin/bash"         13 days ago         Up About an hour           0.0.0.0:1234->22/tcp   youthful_lichterman
6295c6878dcb        kinogmt/centos-ssh   "/bin/bash"         13 days ago         Exited (137) 12 days ago                          musing_meninsky
6a1d463e4346        4cbe7aa905e7         "/bin/bash"         13 days ago         Exited (127) 13 days ago                          cool_curie
# 过滤容器id是578ad1ecf59的容器，发现该容器还在，并且状态是运行中
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker ps -a | grep 578ad1ecf594
578ad1ecf594        centos               "/bin/bash"         27 seconds ago      Up 25 seconds                                     romantic_dewdney
# 然后进入到容器中，并执行exit退出容器
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker attach 578ad1ecf594
[root@578ad1ecf594 /]# exit
exit
# 查看容器id为578ad1ecf59的容器已经没有了，这就是默认被删除了
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker ps -a | grep 578ad1ecf594
[root@0f08da061098 /]# cat /etc/os-release 
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="8 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="8"
PLATFORM_ID="platform:el8"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 8 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:8"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-8"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="8"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="8"

补充3 与docker images 命令一样的命令

规范 
docker image ls
实操 
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hsl_centos_with_ssh   v1.0.1              0c4361666100        12 days ago         931MB
haoshuliang/centos    test                ee87dab68e9d        2 weeks ago         250MB
nginx                 latest              540a289bab6c        5 weeks ago         126MB
centos                latest              0f3e07c0138f        2 months ago        220MB
kinogmt/centos-ssh    latest              dc8713dad282        3 years ago         773MB
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY            TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hsl_centos_with_ssh   v1.0.1              0c4361666100        12 days ago         931MB
haoshuliang/centos    test                ee87dab68e9d        2 weeks ago         250MB
nginx                 latest              540a289bab6c        5 weeks ago         126MB
centos                latest              0f3e07c0138f        2 months ago        220MB
kinogmt/centos-ssh    latest              dc8713dad282        3 years ago         773MB

补充4 查看镜像、 容器、 数据卷所占用的空间 

规范 
# 查看镜像和容器的使用情况
docker system df
# 查看具体的镜像和容器的使用情况
docker sysetm df -v
实操 
# 下面是查看镜像和容器的使用情况
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker system df
TYPE                TOTAL               ACTIVE              SIZE                RECLAIMABLE
Images              5                   2                   1.307GB             1.181GB (90%)
Containers          4                   2                   315.8MB             157.9MB (50%)
Local Volumes       0                   0                   0B                  0B
Build Cache         0                   0                   0B                  0B
# 下面是查看具体的镜像和容器的使用情况
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker system df -v
Images space usage:

REPOSITORY            TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE                SHARED SIZE         UNIQUE SIZE         CONTAINERS
hsl_centos_with_ssh   v1.0.1              0c4361666100        12 days ago         931MB               773.1MB             157.9MB             0
haoshuliang/centos    test                ee87dab68e9d        2 weeks ago         249.5MB             219.6MB             29.93MB             0
nginx                 latest              540a289bab6c        5 weeks ago         126.2MB             0B                  126.2MB             1
centos                latest              0f3e07c0138f        2 months ago        219.6MB             219.6MB             0B                  0
kinogmt/centos-ssh    latest              dc8713dad282        3 years ago         773.1MB             773.1MB             0B                  2

Containers space usage:

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                COMMAND             LOCAL VOLUMES       SIZE                CREATED             STATUS                     NAMES
69dff30b6322        nginx                "/bin/bash"         0                   377B                13 days ago         Up 2 hours                 boring_brown
8e9313993a0a        kinogmt/centos-ssh   "/bin/bash"         0                   158MB               13 days ago         Up 2 hours                 youthful_lichterman
6295c6878dcb        kinogmt/centos-ssh   "/bin/bash"         0                   158MB               13 days ago         Exited (137) 12 days ago   musing_meninsky
6a1d463e4346        4cbe7aa905e7         "/bin/bash"         0                   2.55kB              13 days ago         Exited (127) 13 days ago   cool_curie

Local Volumes space usage:

VOLUME NAME         LINKS               SIZE

Build cache usage: 0B

CACHE ID            CACHE TYPE          SIZE                CREATED             LAST USED           USAGE               SHARED

补充５ 怎样清理docker 的空间

规范： 
docker system prune
实操 
#下面是清理之前空间的使用情况
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker system df
TYPE                TOTAL               ACTIVE              SIZE                RECLAIMABLE
Images              5                   2                   1.307GB             1.181GB (90%)
Containers          4                   2                   315.8MB             157.9MB (50%)
Local Volumes       0                   0                   0B                  0B
Build Cache         0                   0                   0B                  0B
# 下面是清理空间的命令
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker system prune
WARNING! This will remove:
  - all stopped containers
  - all networks not used by at least one container
  - all dangling images
  - all dangling build cache

Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Deleted Containers:
6295c6878dcb1f39ff16accd7e9de4ef7603b6648a3831234c015ed758079eab
6a1d463e4346156667f8bcea2a9acee9d61e2204e0b5118f27719860d88cd18c

Total reclaimed space: 157.9MB
#下面是清理后的空间显示情况，相比于清理之前发现还是有变化的
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker system df
TYPE                TOTAL               ACTIVE              SIZE                RECLAIMABLE
Images              5                   2                   1.307GB             1.181GB (90%)
Containers          2                   2                   157.9MB             0B (0%)
Local Volumes       0                   0                   0B                  0B
Build Cache         0                   0                   0B                  0B
note：该指令默认会清除所有如下资源：
  • 已停止的容器（container）
  • 未被任何容器所使用的卷（volume）
  • 未被任何容器所关联的网络（network）
  • 所有悬空镜像（image）。

补充6 怎样清理没有用的镜像

规范 
docker image prune
实操 
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker image prune
WARNING! This will remove all dangling images.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Total reclaimed space: 0B
# 这里是需要清理没有用的镜像，但是由于我的机器上没有这种镜像的，所以在这里的演示没有任何的效果
note： 这里prune的意思是修剪的意思，顾名思义就是要把没用的数据进行“修剪”掉

补充7 虚悬镜像（dangling image）

概念: 在我们在使用docker images 或者dokcer image ls 查看镜像的时候会有显示仓库名和标签都有<None>的，我们把这样的镜像称之为虚悬镜像，英文是dangling image，这里dangling就是这个意思了

Q1: 怎样查看虚悬镜像呢？

实操，ps：但是由于我的本地环境没有虚悬镜像，所以下面的演示也就没有什么参考价值，如果遇见虚悬镜像的话，我再进行补充 
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker images dangling=true
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker image ls dangling=true
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED

Q2: 虚悬镜像是什么原因造成的呢？

原因１：曾经执行过docker pull的命令，这个命令会对镜像进行更新，新的镜像名字和tag与旧的镜像名字和tag是一样的，新的镜像肯定会把旧的名字和tag占用，这就不得不造成旧的image的名字和tage为<None>
原因 2：曾经执行过docker build 命令，在build的过程中，可能会存在对旧镜像的更新，这样会和docker pull一样的效果
结果：这样会造成docker 的旧的镜像也就是虚悬镜像没有任何价值，可以使用docker image prune进行删除

补充8 怎样查看中间层的镜像

规范 
docker image ls -a
docker images -a
实操 
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY            TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hsl_centos_with_ssh   v1.0.1              0c4361666100        12 days ago         931MB
haoshuliang/centos    test                ee87dab68e9d        2 weeks ago         250MB
nginx                 latest              540a289bab6c        5 weeks ago         126MB
centos                latest              0f3e07c0138f        2 months ago        220MB
kinogmt/centos-ssh    latest              dc8713dad282        3 years ago         773MB
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY            TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hsl_centos_with_ssh   v1.0.1              0c4361666100        12 days ago         931MB
haoshuliang/centos    test                ee87dab68e9d        2 weeks ago         250MB
nginx                 latest              540a289bab6c        5 weeks ago         126MB
centos                latest              0f3e07c0138f        2 months ago        220MB
kinogmt/centos-ssh    latest              dc8713dad282        3 years ago         773MB

补充9 docker ps -a 与docker container ls --all的区别


补充10 已经有个镜像在以保护态度进行运行，怎样进入终端输入命令呢？

思路一： 可以首先进入到容器中，然后在进行输入命令

实操 
[root@VM_0_15_centos dockerfile]# docker ps -a 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
69dff30b6322        nginx                "/bin/bash"         13 days ago         Up 3 hours          80/tcp                 boring_brown
8e9313993a0a        kinogmt/centos-ssh   "/bin/bash"         13 days ago         Up 2 hours          0.0.0.0:1234->22/tcp   youthful_lichterman
[root@VM_0_15_centos dockerfile]# docker attach 69df
root@69dff30b6322:/# cat /etc/os-release 
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="10"
VERSION="10 (buster)"
VERSION_CODENAME=buster
ID=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"

思路二：执行docker exec的命令

规范  
docker exec -it <container-id | contain-name> /bin/bash
实操 
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
aa05dabe6c67        ubuntu               "/bin/bash"         43 minutes ago      Up 43 minutes                              romantic_matsumoto
69dff30b6322        nginx                "/bin/bash"         13 days ago         Up 3 hours          80/tcp                 boring_brown
8e9313993a0a        kinogmt/centos-ssh   "/bin/bash"         13 days ago         Up 3 hours          0.0.0.0:1234->22/tcp   youthful_lichterman
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker exec -it aa05 /bin/bash
root@aa05dabe6c67:/# cat /etc/os-release 
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="18.04.3 LTS (Bionic Beaver)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS"
VERSION_ID="18.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=bionic
UBUNTU_CODENAME=bionic

补充11 仓库的相关操作

[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: jasonhaoshuliang
Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# docker logout
Removing login credentials for https://index.docker.io/v1/
[root@VM_0_15_centos appdeploy]# echo $?
0

补充12 怎样解决docker机器和宿主机时间不同步的问题


方法1：复制主机的localtime 
 docker cp /etc/localtime <container-id>:/etc/
实操： 
[jasonhao@cvm-172_16_30_7 ~]$ docker cp /etc/localtime 7142e502f1ae:/etc/
[jasonhao@cvm-172_16_30_7 ~]$ docker attach 714
[root@7142e502f1ae tapdbase]# date  
Tue Dec 10 10:42:23 CST 2019
方法2：在创建container时就应该共享主机的时间 
docker run -ti -d --name my-nginx -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro  docker.io/nginx  /bin/bash
待实操
方法3：创建镜像的时候就应该设置时区
Dockerfile的文件如下： 
RUN /bin/cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime && echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone





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