磁盘相关命令
du
功能
显示指定的目录或文件所占用的磁盘空间。
输入语法
du [参数][目录路径或文件路径]
常用参数:
-a 显示指定目录下所有单独的文件大小 后面不加文件或者目录路径则表示本目录
-b 以byte为单位显示
-c 除了显示单独的目录或者文件的大小外，同时也显示所有目录或文件的总和。
-h 以K，M，G为单位显示，提高信息的可读性。
如果不加参数则显示当前目录下总的大小
实例
kylechen@kyle:~/test$ du
20 .
ylechen@kyle:~/test$ du -a
16 ./test.jpg
0 ./readme.txt
20 .
kylechen@kyle:~/test$ du -ab
14491 ./test.jpg
0 ./readme.txt
18587 .
kylechen@kyle:~/test$ du -abc
14491 ./test.jpg
0 ./readme.txt
18587 .
18587 总用量
df
功能
显示目前在Linux系统上的文件系统的磁盘使用情况统计。
输入语法
df [参数]
df 不加参数 显示整个磁盘空间中文件系统的使用情况
df -h 以人类友好格式显示文件系统硬盘空间使用情况 这样就会在显示合适的单位 比如 K M G
df -T 显示文件系统类型
df -t ext4 仅列出某些文件系统 比如这里是限制只列出ext4系统的文件系统
df -x ext4 排除指定类型的文件系统 比如这里是列出了除 ext4 类型以外的全部文件系统
输出信息
Filesystem – Linux 系统中的文件系统
1K-blocks – 文件系统的大小，用 1K 大小的块来表示。
Used – 以 1K 大小的块所表示的已使用数量。
Available – 以 1K 大小的块所表示的可用空间的数量。
Use% – 文件系统中已使用的百分比。
Mounted on – 已挂载的文件系统的挂载点。
实例
kylechen@kyle:~/test$ df
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
udev 1936656 0 1936656 0% /dev
tmpfs 392016 2068 389948 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root 243559804 181980468 49137532 79% /
tmpfs 1960060 311900 1648160 16% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5120 4 5116 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 1960060 0 1960060 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 1024 1024 0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/81
/dev/loop1 127360 127360 0 100% /snap/vscode/93
/dev/loop2 4352 4352 0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/544
/dev/loop3 144128 144128 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/98
/dev/loop4 1024 1024 0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/73
/dev/loop5 256 256 0 100% /snap/gtk2-common-themes/9
/dev/loop6 126976 126976 0 100% /snap/vscode/89
/dev/loop7 164096 164096 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/116
/dev/loop8 93568 93568 0 100% /snap/core/8689
/dev/loop9 56064 56064 0 100% /snap/core18/1668
/dev/loop11 56064 56064 0 100% /snap/core18/1650
/dev/loop10 4352 4352 0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/536
/dev/loop12 15232 15232 0 100% /snap/remmina/3995
/dev/loop13 267008 267008 0 100% /snap/kde-frameworks-5-core18/32
/dev/loop14 256 256 0 100% /snap/gtk2-common-themes/5
/dev/loop15 15232 15232 0 100% /snap/remmina/3968
/dev/loop16 15104 15104 0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/399
/dev/sda1 523248 2284 520964 1% /boot/efi
/dev/loop17 160512 160512 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/110
/dev/loop18 127872 127872 0 100% /snap/vscode/87
/dev/loop19 15104 15104 0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/375
/dev/loop20 98688 98688 0 100% /snap/typora-alanzanattadev/2
/dev/loop21 3840 3840 0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/123
/dev/loop22 98176 98176 0 100% /snap/kdenlive/22
/dev/loop23 98304 98304 0 100% /snap/kdenlive/13
/dev/loop24 46080 46080 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1440
/dev/loop25 144128 144128 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/97
/dev/loop26 45312 45312 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1353
/dev/loop27 259584 259584 0 100% /snap/electronic-wechat/7
/dev/loop28 93568 93568 0 100% /snap/core/8592
/dev/loop29 3840 3840 0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/127
tmpfs 392012 16 391996 1% /run/user/121
tmpfs 392012 36 391976 1% /run/user/1000
kylechen@kyle:~/test$ df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
udev 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 383M 2.1M 381M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root 233G 174G 47G 79% /
tmpfs 1.9G 307M 1.6G 17% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 1.0M 1.0M 0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/81
/dev/loop1 125M 125M 0 100% /snap/vscode/93
/dev/loop2 4.3M 4.3M 0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/544
/dev/loop3 141M 141M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/98
/dev/loop4 1.0M 1.0M 0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/73
/dev/loop5 256K 256K 0 100% /snap/gtk2-common-themes/9
/dev/loop6 124M 124M 0 100% /snap/vscode/89
/dev/loop7 161M 161M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/116
/dev/loop8 92M 92M 0 100% /snap/core/8689
/dev/loop9 55M 55M 0 100% /snap/core18/1668
/dev/loop11 55M 55M 0 100% /snap/core18/1650
/dev/loop10 4.3M 4.3M 0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/536
/dev/loop12 15M 15M 0 100% /snap/remmina/3995
/dev/loop13 261M 261M 0 100% /snap/kde-frameworks-5-core18/32
/dev/loop14 256K 256K 0 100% /snap/gtk2-common-themes/5
/dev/loop15 15M 15M 0 100% /snap/remmina/3968
/dev/loop16 15M 15M 0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/399
/dev/sda1 511M 2.3M 509M 1% /boot/efi
/dev/loop17 157M 157M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/110
/dev/loop18 125M 125M 0 100% /snap/vscode/87
/dev/loop19 15M 15M 0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/375
/dev/loop20 97M 97M 0 100% /snap/typora-alanzanattadev/2
/dev/loop21 3.8M 3.8M 0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/123
/dev/loop22 96M 96M 0 100% /snap/kdenlive/22
/dev/loop23 96M 96M 0 100% /snap/kdenlive/13
/dev/loop24 45M 45M 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1440
/dev/loop25 141M 141M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/97
/dev/loop26 45M 45M 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1353
/dev/loop27 254M 254M 0 100% /snap/electronic-wechat/7
/dev/loop28 92M 92M 0 100% /snap/core/8592
/dev/loop29 3.8M 3.8M 0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/127
tmpfs 383M 16K 383M 1% /run/user/121
tmpfs 383M 36K 383M 1% /run/user/1000
kylechen@kyle:~/test$ df -T
文件系统 类型 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
udev devtmpfs 1936656 0 1936656 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 392016 2068 389948 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root ext4 243559804 181980572 49137428 79% /
tmpfs tmpfs 1960060 302084 1657976 16% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5120 4 5116 1% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 1960060 0 1960060 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 squashfs 1024 1024 0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/81
/dev/loop1 squashfs 127360 127360 0 100% /snap/vscode/93
/dev/loop2 squashfs 4352 4352 0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/544
/dev/loop3 squashfs 144128 144128 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/98
/dev/loop4 squashfs 1024 1024 0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/73
/dev/loop5 squashfs 256 256 0 100% /snap/gtk2-common-themes/9
/dev/loop6 squashfs 126976 126976 0 100% /snap/vscode/89
/dev/loop7 squashfs 164096 164096 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/116
/dev/loop8 squashfs 93568 93568 0 100% /snap/core/8689
/dev/loop9 squashfs 56064 56064 0 100% /snap/core18/1668
/dev/loop11 squashfs 56064 56064 0 100% /snap/core18/1650
/dev/loop10 squashfs 4352 4352 0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/536
/dev/loop12 squashfs 15232 15232 0 100% /snap/remmina/3995
/dev/loop13 squashfs 267008 267008 0 100% /snap/kde-frameworks-5-core18/32
/dev/loop14 squashfs 256 256 0 100% /snap/gtk2-common-themes/5
/dev/loop15 squashfs 15232 15232 0 100% /snap/remmina/3968
/dev/loop16 squashfs 15104 15104 0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/399
/dev/sda1 vfat 523248 2284 520964 1% /boot/efi
/dev/loop17 squashfs 160512 160512 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/110
/dev/loop18 squashfs 127872 127872 0 100% /snap/vscode/87
/dev/loop19 squashfs 15104 15104 0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/375
/dev/loop20 squashfs 98688 98688 0 100% /snap/typora-alanzanattadev/2
/dev/loop21 squashfs 3840 3840 0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/123
/dev/loop22 squashfs 98176 98176 0 100% /snap/kdenlive/22
/dev/loop23 squashfs 98304 98304 0 100% /snap/kdenlive/13
/dev/loop24 squashfs 46080 46080 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1440
/dev/loop25 squashfs 144128 144128 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/97
/dev/loop26 squashfs 45312 45312 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1353
/dev/loop27 squashfs 259584 259584 0 100% /snap/electronic-wechat/7
/dev/loop28 squashfs 93568 93568 0 100% /snap/core/8592
/dev/loop29 squashfs 3840 3840 0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/127
tmpfs tmpfs 392012 16 391996 1% /run/user/121
tmpfs tmpfs 392012 36 391976 1% /run/user/1000
kylechen@kyle:~/test$ df -t ext4
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root 243559804 181980664 49137336 79% /
kylechen@kyle:~/test$ df -x ext4
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
udev 1936656 0 1936656 0% /dev
tmpfs 392016 2068 389948 1% /run
tmpfs 1960060 299520 1660540 16% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5120 4 5116 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 1960060 0 1960060 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 1024 1024 0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/81
/dev/loop1 127360 127360 0 100% /snap/vscode/93
/dev/loop2 4352 4352 0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/544
/dev/loop3 144128 144128 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/98
/dev/loop4 1024 1024 0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/73
/dev/loop5 256 256 0 100% /snap/gtk2-common-themes/9
/dev/loop6 126976 126976 0 100% /snap/vscode/89
/dev/loop7 164096 164096 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/116
/dev/loop8 93568 93568 0 100% /snap/core/8689
/dev/loop9 56064 56064 0 100% /snap/core18/1668
/dev/loop11 56064 56064 0 100% /snap/core18/1650
/dev/loop10 4352 4352 0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/536
/dev/loop12 15232 15232 0 100% /snap/remmina/3995
/dev/loop13 267008 267008 0 100% /snap/kde-frameworks-5-core18/32
/dev/loop14 256 256 0 100% /snap/gtk2-common-themes/5
/dev/loop15 15232 15232 0 100% /snap/remmina/3968
/dev/loop16 15104 15104 0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/399
/dev/sda1 523248 2284 520964 1% /boot/efi
/dev/loop17 160512 160512 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/110
/dev/loop18 127872 127872 0 100% /snap/vscode/87
/dev/loop19 15104 15104 0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/375
/dev/loop20 98688 98688 0 100% /snap/typora-alanzanattadev/2
/dev/loop21 3840 3840 0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/123
/dev/loop22 98176 98176 0 100% /snap/kdenlive/22
/dev/loop23 98304 98304 0 100% /snap/kdenlive/13
/dev/loop24 46080 46080 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1440
/dev/loop25 144128 144128 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/97
/dev/loop26 45312 45312 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1353
/dev/loop27 259584 259584 0 100% /snap/electronic-wechat/7
/dev/loop28 93568 93568 0 100% /snap/core/8592
/dev/loop29 3840 3840 0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/127
tmpfs 392012 16 391996 1% /run/user/121
tmpfs 392012 36 391976 1% /run/user/1000
