ABA 问题怎么产生的

CAS会导致"ABA问题"。

CAS算法实现一个重要前提需要取出内存中某时刻的数据并在当下时刻比较并替换，那么在这个时间差类会导致数据的变化。

比如说一个线程one从内存位置V中取出A，这时候另一个线程two也从内存中取出A，并且线程two进行了一些操作将值变成了B，
然后线程two又将V位置的数据变成A，这时候线程one进行CAS操作发现内存中仍然是A，然后线程one操作成功。

尽管线程one的CAS操作成功，但是不代表这个过程就是没有问题的。

原子引用

package com.brian.interview.study.thread;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

/**
 * Copyright (c) 2020 ZJU All Rights Reserved
 * <p>
 * Project: JavaSomeDemo
 * Package: com.brian.interview.study.thread
 * Version: 1.0
 * <p>
 * Created by Brian on 2020/2/11 15:29
 */


class User{
    String userName;
    int age;

    public User(String userName, int age) {
        this.userName = userName;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "userName='" + userName + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

public class AtomicReferenceDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        User z3 = new User("z3", 22);
        User li4 = new User("li4", 25);

        AtomicReference<User> atomicReference = new AtomicReference<>();
        atomicReference.set(z3);

        System.out.println(atomicReference.compareAndSet(z3, li4)+"\t"+atomicReference.get().toString());
        System.out.println(atomicReference.compareAndSet(z3, li4)+"\t"+atomicReference.get().toString());

    }

}

时间戳原子引用

package com.brian.interview.study.thread;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicStampedReference;

/**
 * Copyright (c) 2020 ZJU All Rights Reserved
 * <p>
 * Project: JavaSomeDemo
 * Package: com.brian.interview.study.thread
 * Version: 1.0
 * <p>
 * Created by Brian on 2020/2/11 16:58
 */
public class ABADemo {  // ABA问题的解决   AtomicStampedReference

    static AtomicReference<Integer> atomicReference = new AtomicReference<>(100);

    static AtomicStampedReference<Integer> atomicStampedReference = new AtomicStampedReference<>(100, 1);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("======================以下是ABA问题的产生======================");
        new Thread(() -> {
            atomicReference.compareAndSet(100, 101);
            atomicReference.compareAndSet(101, 100);
        }, "t1").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            // 暂停1秒钟t2线程, 保证上面的t1线程完成了一次ABA操作
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(atomicReference.compareAndSet(100, 2020) + "\t" + atomicReference.get());
        }, "t2").start();

        System.out.println("======================以下是ABA问题的解决======================");

        new Thread(() -> {
            int stamp = atomicStampedReference.getStamp();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t第1次版本号：" + stamp);
            // 暂停1秒钟t3线程
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(100, 101, atomicStampedReference.getStamp(), atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t第2次版本号：" + atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
            atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(101, 100, atomicStampedReference.getStamp(), atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t第3次版本号：" + atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
        }, "t3").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            int stamp = atomicStampedReference.getStamp();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t第1次版本号：" + stamp);
            // 暂停3秒钟t4线程, 保证上面的t3线程完成了一次ABA操作
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            boolean result = atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(100, 2020, stamp, stamp + 1);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t修改成功否：" + result+"\t当前最新实际版本号：" + atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t当前实际最新值：" + atomicStampedReference.getReference());
        }, "t4").start();

    }
}