Spring任务调度核心类ThreadPoolTaskScheduler，API文档解释如下：

Implementation of Spring's TaskScheduler interface, wrapping a native java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.

Spring的TaskScheduler接口的实现，包装了一个本地java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor。

实现思路

注入调度类bean，初始化一个ConcurrentHashMap容器，用来保存多个定时任务的状态，每一个任务的运行状态被封装在ScheduledFuture中，借此类可取消对应的定时任务。

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskScheduler;
import org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronTrigger;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.cjia.spidercommon.model.SpiderJob;
import com.cjia.spiderjob.mapper.SpiderJobMapper;

import lombok.Data;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

/**
 * 用来管理（启动、停止、新增、删除、更新编辑、查看运行状态）定时任务（增量任务）
 */
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("spiderJob/cron")
public class CronJobController extends SpiderJobController {

	@Autowired
	private ThreadPoolTaskScheduler threadPoolTaskScheduler;

	private Map<Integer, ScheduledFuture<?>> futureMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

	@Resource
	private SpiderJobMapper spiderJobMapper;

	@Bean
	public ThreadPoolTaskScheduler threadPoolTaskScheduler() {
		return new ThreadPoolTaskScheduler();
	}

	/**
	 * 启动单个定时任务
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/start/{jobId}")
	public String start(@PathVariable Integer jobId) {
		SpiderJob job = spiderJobMapper.selectById(jobId);
		if (job == null) {
			log.warn("任务[{}]已不存在，无法启动！", jobId);
			return "任务[" + jobId + "]已不存在，无法启动！";
		}
		int enable = job.getEnable();
		if (enable == 0) {
			log.warn("任务[{}]已被禁用，无法启动！", jobId);
			return "任务[" + jobId + "]已被禁用，无法启动！";
		}
		// 检测该任务是否已在运行调度中
		if (futureMap.get(jobId) != null) {
			log.warn("任务[{}]已在调度运行，无法重复启动！", jobId);
			return "任务[" + jobId + "]已在调度运行，无法重复启动！";
		}
		String cron = job.getCron();
		// TODO check cron
		ScheduledFuture<?> future = threadPoolTaskScheduler.schedule(new MyRunnable(job), new CronTrigger(cron));
		log.info("任务[{}]已被启动！", jobId);
		futureMap.put(jobId, future);
		return "任务[" + jobId + "]已被启动！";
	}

	/**
	 * 批量启动定时任务
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/startBatch/{jobIds}")
	public String startBatch(@PathVariable String jobIds) {
		// TODO jobIds valid
		String[] jobIdsArr = jobIds.split(",");
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
		for (String jobId : jobIdsArr) {
			String result = start(Integer.valueOf(jobId));
			sb.append(result).append("<br>");
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

	/**
	 * 停止单个定时任务
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/stop/{jobId}")
	public String stop(@PathVariable Integer jobId) {
		// 检测该任务是否已在运行调度中
		ScheduledFuture<?> future = futureMap.get(jobId);
		if (future == null) {
			log.warn("任务[{}]已不在调度中，无法停止！", jobId);
			return "任务[" + jobId + "]已不在调度中，无法停止！";
		} else {
			future.cancel(true);
			futureMap.remove(jobId);
			log.info("任务[{}]已被停止！", jobId);
			return "任务[" + jobId + "]已被停止！";
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 批量停止定时任务
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/stopBatch/{jobIds}")
	public String stopBatch(@PathVariable String jobIds) {
		// TODO jobIds valid
		String[] jobIdsArr = jobIds.split(",");
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
		for (String jobId : jobIdsArr) {
			String result = stop(Integer.valueOf(jobId));
			sb.append(result).append("<br>");
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

	/**
	 * 查看当前时刻调度中的定时任务
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/status")
	public String getAllStatus() {
		Set<Integer> runningKeys = futureMap.keySet();
		return "当前正在调度的任务列表：" + runningKeys.toString();
	}

	@Data
	private class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
		private SpiderJob job;

		public MyRunnable(SpiderJob job) {
			this.job = job;
		}

		@Override
		public void run() {
			log.info("运行定时任务[{}: {}] at {}！", job.getId(), job.getBizName(), LocalDateTime.now());
			executeIncrementJob(job.getBizName());
		}
	}

}

另附：springboot自定义定时任务（不能动态增删改等管理）