一、概述
traefik 与 nginx 一样，是一款优秀的反向代理工具，或者叫 Edge Router。至于使用它的原因则基于以下几点
- 无须重启即可更新配置
- 自动的服务发现与负载均衡
- 与
docker的完美集成，基于container label的配置 - 漂亮的
dashboard界面 metrics的支持，对prometheus和k8s的集成
接下来讲一下它的安装，基本功能以及配置。traefik 在 v1 与 v2 版本间差异过大，本篇文章采用了 v2
traefik官方文档：https://docs.traefik.io/
注意:Traefikv2.0之后的版本在修改了很多bug之后也增加了新的特性，比如增加了TCP的支持，并且更换了新的WEB UI界面
二、快速开始
环境介绍
操作系统：centos7.6
数量：1台
docker版本：19.03.6
docker版本：1.24.1
ip地址：192.168.28.218
docker-compose启动
新建yaml文件
vi traefik-v2.1.yaml
内容如下：
version: '3' services: reverse-proxy: image: traefik:2.1.6 # Enables the web UI and tells Traefik to listen to docker # 启用webUI 并告诉Traefile去监听docker的容器实例 command: --api.insecure=true --providers.docker ports: # traefik暴露的http端口 - "80:80" # webUI暴露的端口(必须制定--api.insecure=true才可以访问) - "8080:8080" volumes: # 指定docker的sock文件来让traefik获取docker的事件，从而实现动态负载均衡 - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
使用docker-compose创建集群
# docker-compose -f traefik-v2.1.yaml up -d reverse-proxy Creating network "opt_default" with the default driver Creating opt_reverse-proxy_1 ... done
查看使用docker-compose启动的应用
# docker-compose -f traefik-v2.1.yaml ps Name Command State Ports --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- opt_reverse-proxy_1 /entrypoint.sh --api.insec ... Up 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp
直接访问traefik对外暴露的http接口
curl -s "http://localhost:8080/api/rawdata" | python -m json.tool
输出如下：
{ "middlewares": { "dashboard_redirect@internal": { "redirectRegex": { "permanent": true, "regex": "^(http:\\/\\/[^:\\/]+(:\\d+)?)\\/$", "replacement": "${1}/dashboard/" }, "status": "enabled", "usedBy": [ "dashboard@internal" ] }, "dashboard_stripprefix@internal": { "status": "enabled", "stripPrefix": { "prefixes": [ "/dashboard/", "/dashboard" ] }, "usedBy": [ "dashboard@internal" ] } }, "routers": { "api@internal": { "entryPoints": [ "traefik" ], "priority": 2147483646, "rule": "PathPrefix(`/api`)", "service": "api@internal", "status": "enabled", "using": [ "traefik" ] }, "dashboard@internal": { "entryPoints": [ "traefik" ], "middlewares": [ "dashboard_redirect@internal", "dashboard_stripprefix@internal" ], "priority": 2147483645, "rule": "PathPrefix(`/`)", "service": "dashboard@internal", "status": "enabled", "using": [ "traefik" ] }, "reverse-proxy-opt@docker": { "rule": "Host(`reverse-proxy-opt`)", "service": "reverse-proxy-opt", "status": "enabled", "using": [ "http", "traefik" ] } }, "services": { "api@internal": { "status": "enabled", "usedBy": [ "api@internal" ] }, "dashboard@internal": { "status": "enabled", "usedBy": [ "dashboard@internal" ] }, "reverse-proxy-opt@docker": { "loadBalancer": { "passHostHeader": true, "servers": [ { "url": "http://172.18.0.2:80" } ] }, "serverStatus": { "http://172.18.0.2:80": "UP" }, "status": "enabled", "usedBy": [ "reverse-proxy-opt@docker" ] } } }
查看Traefik官方Dashboard
http://192.168.28.218:8080/
效果如下：
三、创建一个路由
Traefik来检测新服务并为你创建一个路由
创建一个新服务
vi test-service.yaml
内容如下：
version: '3' services: whoami: image: containous/whoami labels: - "traefik.http.routers.whoami.rule=Host(`whoami.docker.localhost`)"
创建服务
# docker-compose -f test-service.yaml up -d whoami WARNING: Found orphan containers (opt_reverse-proxy_1) for this project. If you removed or renamed this service in your compose file, you can run this command with the --remove-orphans flag to clean it up. Creating opt_whoami_1 ... done
查看新创建的服务
# docker-compose -f test-service.yaml ps Name Command State Ports --------------------------------------- opt_whoami_1 /whoami Up 80/tcp
再次查看traefik中的路由信息(就会发现服务自动加载进去了)
其实有点儿类似kong 的路由，只是traefik会自动监听docker的事件
curl -s "http://localhost:8080/api/rawdata" | python -m json.tool
输出如下：
{ "middlewares": { "dashboard_redirect@internal": { "redirectRegex": { "permanent": true, "regex": "^(http:\\/\\/[^:\\/]+(:\\d+)?)\\/$", "replacement": "${1}/dashboard/" }, "status": "enabled", "usedBy": [ "dashboard@internal" ] }, "dashboard_stripprefix@internal": { "status": "enabled", "stripPrefix": { "prefixes": [ "/dashboard/", "/dashboard" ] }, "usedBy": [ "dashboard@internal" ] } }, "routers": { "api@internal": { "entryPoints": [ "traefik" ], "priority": 2147483646, "rule": "PathPrefix(`/api`)", "service": "api@internal", "status": "enabled", "using": [ "traefik" ] }, "dashboard@internal": { "entryPoints": [ "traefik" ], "middlewares": [ "dashboard_redirect@internal", "dashboard_stripprefix@internal" ], "priority": 2147483645, "rule": "PathPrefix(`/`)", "service": "dashboard@internal", "status": "enabled", "using": [ "traefik" ] }, "reverse-proxy-opt@docker": { "rule": "Host(`reverse-proxy-opt`)", "service": "reverse-proxy-opt", "status": "enabled", "using": [ "http", "traefik" ] }, "whoami@docker": { "rule": "Host(`whoami.docker.localhost`)", "service": "whoami-opt", "status": "enabled", "using": [ "http", "traefik" ] } }, "services": { "api@internal": { "status": "enabled", "usedBy": [ "api@internal" ] }, "dashboard@internal": { "status": "enabled", "usedBy": [ "dashboard@internal" ] }, "reverse-proxy-opt@docker": { "loadBalancer": { "passHostHeader": true, "servers": [ { "url": "http://172.19.0.2:80" } ] }, "serverStatus": { "http://172.19.0.2:80": "UP" }, "status": "enabled", "usedBy": [ "reverse-proxy-opt@docker" ] }, "whoami-opt@docker": { "loadBalancer": { "passHostHeader": true, "servers": [ { "url": "http://172.19.0.3:80" } ] }, "serverStatus": { "http://172.19.0.3:80": "UP" }, "status": "enabled", "usedBy": [ "whoami@docker" ] } } }
查看http反向代理记录
查看Traefik中的http反向代理记录，点击HTTP
测试traefik相关功能
测试访问
# curl -H Host:whoami.docker.localhost http://localhost Hostname: c334de4bc3c8 IP: 127.0.0.1 IP: 172.19.0.3 RemoteAddr: 172.19.0.2:57632 GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: whoami.docker.localhost User-Agent: curl/7.29.0 Accept: */* Accept-Encoding: gzip X-Forwarded-For: 172.19.0.1 X-Forwarded-Host: whoami.docker.localhost X-Forwarded-Port: 80 X-Forwarded-Proto: http X-Forwarded-Server: 1ee8d25b3aac X-Real-Ip: 172.19.0.1
单机扩容
# docker-compose -f test-service.yaml up -d --scale whoami=2 WARNING: Found orphan containers (opt_reverse-proxy_1) for this project. If you removed or renamed this service in your compose file, you can run this command with the --remove-orphans flag to clean it up. Starting opt_whoami_1 ... done Creating opt_whoami_2 ... done
再次访问(就会发现自动负载到两个不同的实例上去了)
# curl -H Host:whoami.docker.localhost http://localhost Hostname: c334de4bc3c8 IP: 127.0.0.1 IP: 172.19.0.3 RemoteAddr: 172.19.0.2:57632 GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: whoami.docker.localhost User-Agent: curl/7.29.0 Accept: */* Accept-Encoding: gzip X-Forwarded-For: 172.19.0.1 X-Forwarded-Host: whoami.docker.localhost X-Forwarded-Port: 80 X-Forwarded-Proto: http X-Forwarded-Server: 1ee8d25b3aac X-Real-Ip: 172.19.0.1
查看Traefike后端每个service的详情信息:
就会看到2个service
四、Traefik配置介绍
traefik配置结构图
在traefik中的配置，会涉及到两方面内容:
- 动态的路由配置(即由k8s-api或docker相关api来自动发现服务的endpoint而进行路由的配置描述)
- 静态的启动配置(即traefik标准的启动配置参数)
注意:使用docker run traefik[:version] --help可查看traefik的配置参数
在k8s集群中部署traefik-v2.0.1
# kubectl apply -f https://github.com/BGBiao/k8s-ansible-playbooks/blob/master/manifest/traefik/traefik-ds-v2.0.1.yaml # kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep traefik-ingress-controller-v2 traefik-ingress-controller-v2-54h54 1/1 Running 0 29m traefik-ingress-controller-v2-lh2jg 1/1 Running 0 29m traefik-ingress-controller-v2-tqbvd 1/1 Running 0 29m traefik-ingress-controller-v2-ww449 1/1 Running 0 29m # kubectl --kubeconfig ../../files/kubelet.kubeconfig get svc -n kube-system | grep v2 traefik-ingress-service-v2 ClusterIP 10.253.86.121 <none> 81/TCP,8081/TCP 30m
查看traefik-v2.0.1的dashboard
注意:虽然traefikv2.x改动了很多，但是还是向下兼容一些内容的，比如我重新创建traefik-v2.0.1之后，之前创建的ingress规则会自动导入
本文参考链接：