1、新增磁盘分区总体示例

1.1 磁盘信息查看

[root@tangtang tmp]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ad887

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/vda2         2099200    20971519     9436160   8e  Linux LVM

1.2 增加新分区 /dev/vda3 ，格式为 LVM

[root@tangtang tmp]# fdisk /dev/vda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): 
Using default response p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 
First sector (20971520-209715199, default 20971520): 
Using default value 20971520
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20971520-209715199, default 209715199): +10G
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L 
 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt             
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

1.3 进行新增分区查看

[root@tangtang tmp]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ad887

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/vda2         2099200    20971519     9436160   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/vda3        20971520    41943039    10485760   8e  Linux LVM

1.4 通知内核，重读分区

[root@tangtang tmp]# partx -a /dev/vda
partx: /dev/vda: error adding partitions 1-2
[root@tangtang tmp]# partx -a /dev/vda
partx: /dev/vda: error adding partitions 1-3

1.5 对新增分区进行文件系统部署

[root@tangtang tmp]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vda3
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
655360 inodes, 2621440 blocks
131072 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2151677952
80 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

1.6 对新增分区进行挂载使用

[root@tangtang tmp]# mount /dev/vda3 /tangtang/
[root@tangtang tmp]# cd /tangtang/
[root@tangtang tangtang]# ll
total 16
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Oct 31 10:51 lost+found  # 显示此目录，说明挂载成功

1.7 编辑 /etc/fstab 文件，实现开机自动挂载

[root@tangtang tangtang]echo "/dev/vda3 /tangtang ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab

2、Ubuntu 系统进行文件系统部署的时候注意事项

2.1 报错提示如下

root@ubuntu:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vda3
mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
The file /dev/vda3 does not exist and no size was specified.

2.2 原因是内核未重读分区信息，解决办法如下

root@ubuntu:~# partprobe
root@ubuntu:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vda3
mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Creating filesystem with 5242880 4k blocks and 1310720 inodes
Filesystem UUID: f6e580f1-7ef3-4508-84c8-4a44157c2819
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
	4096000

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done   

2.3 正常挂载使用

root@ubuntu:~# mkdir /tangtang
root@ubuntu:~# mount /dev/vda3 /tangtang
root@ubuntu:~# ls /tangtang
lost+found

2.4 设置自动挂载

root@ubuntu:~# echo "/dev/vda3 /tangtang ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
root@ubuntu:~# tail -1 /etc/fstab
/dev/vda3 /tangtang ext4 defaults 0 0