实现功能
- 这是一款射击游戏,可通过键盘按键操控飞机,发射子弹以及射杀外星飞船;
- 功能:可根据用户的射击通关,增加用户等级,提高用户射击速度,但是游戏难度会增加;
- 游戏界面显示:会显示用户拥有的飞机数、用户的最高射击成绩、用户当前的设计成绩、用户等级;
- 按键:空格键射击、四个方向键移动飞机、q键退处游戏
- 增加游戏开始按钮,隐藏游戏中鼠标显示,可给用户带来更好的游戏体验
实现界面
完整源码
- 这个项目中有以下8个.py文件代码(可供参考和学习)
- 主文件:alien_invasion.py
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
import game_functions as gf
from pygame.sprite import Group
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
def run_game():
pygame.init()
ai_settings=Settings()
screen=pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
play_button=Button(ai_settings,screen,"PLAY")
stats=GameStats(ai_settings)
sb=Scoreboard(ai_settings,screen,stats)
ship=Ship(ai_settings,screen)
bullets=Group()
aliens=Group()
gf.create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
while True:
gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets)
if stats.game_active:
ship.update()
gf.update_bullets(ai_settings, screen,stats,sb, ship,aliens, bullets)
gf.update_aliens(ai_settings, stats, screen,sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button)
run_game()
class Settings():
"""存储《狂暴外星人》的所有的类"""
def __init__(self):
"""初始化静态设置"""
"""初始化游戏的设置"""
self.screen_width=1200
self.screen_height=800
self.bg_color=(230,230,230)
self.ship_limit=3
self.bullet_width=5
self.bullet_height=10
self.bullet_color=(0,225,0)
self.bullets_allowed=5
self.fleet_drop_speed=10
self.speed_scale=1.2
self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
self.score_scale=1.5
def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
"""初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置"""
self.ship_speed_factor=1.5
self.bullet_speed_factor=3
self.alien_speed_factor=1
self.fleet_direction = 1
self.alien_points=50
def increase_speed(self):
"""提高速度设置"""
self.ship_speed_factor*=self.speed_scale
self.bullet_speed_factor*=self.speed_scale
self.alien_speed_factor*=self.speed_scale
"""提高外星人点数"""
self.alien_points=int(self.alien_points*self.score_scale)
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Ship(Sprite):
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
"""初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""
super(Ship,self).__init__()
self.screen=screen
self.ai_settings= ai_settings
self.image=pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
self.rect=self.image.get_rect()
self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
self.rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerx
self.rect.bottom=self.screen_rect.bottom
self.center1=float(self.rect.centery)
self.center=float(self.rect.centerx)
self.moving_right=False
self.moving_left=False
self.moving_up=False
self.moving_down=False
def update(self):
"""根据移动标志调整飞船的位置"""
if self.moving_right and self.rect.right<self.screen_rect.right:
self.center+=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
if self.moving_left and self.rect.left>0:
self.center-=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
if self.moving_up and self.rect.top>self.screen_rect.top :
self.center1-=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
if self.moving_down and self.rect.bottom<self.screen_rect.bottom:
self.center1+=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
self.rect.centerx=self.center
self.rect.centery=self.center1
def blitem(self):
"""在指定位置绘制飞船"""
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def center_ship(self):
"""让飞船在屏幕上居中"""
self.center=self.screen_rect.centerx
import sys
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from time import sleep
def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
"""响应按键函数"""
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = True
elif event.key==pygame.K_UP:
ship.moving_up=True
elif event.key==pygame.K_DOWN:
ship.moving_down=True
elif event.key==pygame.K_SPACE:
fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
elif event.key==pygame.K_q:
sys.exit()
def check_keyup_events(event,ship):
"""响应松开函数"""
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = False
elif event.key==pygame.K_UP:
ship.moving_up=False
elif event.key==pygame.K_DOWN:
ship.moving_down=False
def check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""响应按键和鼠标事件"""
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:
check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
elif event.type==pygame.KEYUP:
check_keyup_events(event,ship)
elif event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_x,mouse_y=pygame.mouse.get_pos()
check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y)
def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y):
"""在玩家单击play按钮时开始游戏"""
button_chicked=play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)
if button_chicked and not stats.game_active:
ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
stats.reset_stats()
stats.game_active=True
sb.prep_score()
sb.prep_high_score()
sb.prep_level()
sb.prep_ships()
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
ship.center_ship()
def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button):
"""更新屏幕上的图像,并切换到新屏幕"""
screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
sb.show_score()
for bullet in bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet()
ship.blitem()
aliens.draw(screen)
if not stats.game_active:
play_button.draw_button()
pygame.display.flip()
def update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
bullets.update()
check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
for bullet in bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
bullets.remove(bullet)
def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""检查是否有子弹击中外星人,如果是,就删除相应的子弹和外星人"""
collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)
"""这行代码遍历编组bullets中的每颗子弹,再遍历编组aliens中的每个外星人。
每当 有子弹和外星人的rect重叠时,groupcollide()就在它返回的字典中添加一个键值对。
两个实参True告诉Pygame删除发生碰撞的子弹和外星人.
"""
if collisions:
for aliens in collisions.values():
stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points
sb.prep_score()
check_high_score(stats,sb)
if len(aliens) == 0:
"""删除现有的子弹并新建一群外星人"""
bullets.empty()
ai_settings.increase_speed()
stats.level+=1
sb.prep_level()
create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
bullets.add(new_bullet)
def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):
available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))
return number_aliens_x
def get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):
"""计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人"""
available_space_y=(ai_settings.screen_height-(3*alien_height)-ship_height)
number_rows=int(available_space_y/(2*alien_height))
return number_rows
def create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):
"""创建一个外星人并加入当前行"""
alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
alien_width=alien.rect.width
alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y=alien.rect.height+2*alien.rect.height*row_number
aliens.add(alien)
def create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens):
"""创建外星人群"""
alien=Alien(ai_settings,screen)
number_aliens_x=get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)
number_rows=get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)
for row_number in range(number_rows):
for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number,row_number)
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):
"""有外星人到达边缘时应该采取相应的措施"""
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges():
change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)
break
def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):
"""将整群外星人下移,并改变他们的方向"""
for alien in aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y+=ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
ai_settings.fleet_direction*=-1
def ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""响应被外星人撞到的飞船"""
if stats.ships_left>0:
stats.ships_left -= 1
sb.prep_ships()
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
ship.center_ship()
sleep(0.5)
else:
stats.game_active=False
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""检查是否有外星人到达屏幕底端"""
screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom>=screen_rect.bottom:
ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
break
def update_aliens(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""检查是否有外星人位于屏幕边缘"""
check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)
"""更新外星人群中所有外星人的位置"""
aliens.update()
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):
ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
"""检查是否有外星人到达屏幕底端"""
check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, stats, screen,sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
def check_high_score(stats,sb):
"""检查是否诞生了新的最高得分"""
if stats.score>stats.high_score:
stats.high_score=stats.score
sb.prep_high_score()
class GameStats():
"""跟踪统计信息"""
def __init__(self,ai_settings):
"""初始化统计信息"""
self.ai_settings=ai_settings
self.reset_stats()
self.game_active=False
self.high_score=0
def reset_stats(self):
"""初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息"""
self.ships_left=self.ai_settings.ship_limit
self.score=0
self.level=1
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
"""初始化外星人并设置其起始位置"""
super(Alien,self).__init__()
self.screen=screen
self.ai_settings=ai_settings
self.image=pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
self.rect=self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.x=self.rect.width
self.rect.y=self.rect.height
self.x=float(self.rect.x)
self.alien_speed_factor=1
def check_edges(self):
"""如果外星人位于屏幕边缘,就返回True"""
screen_rect=self.screen.get_rect()
if self.rect.right>=screen_rect.right:
return True
elif self.rect.left<=0:
return True
def update(self):
"""向右/向左移动外星人"""
self.x+=(self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor*self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
self.rect.x=self.x
def blitme(self):
"""在指定位置绘制外星人"""
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
import pygame.font
class Button():
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):
"""初始化按钮属性"""
self.screen=screen
self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
self.width,self.height=200,50
self.button_color=(0,134,127)
self.text_color=(255,255,255)
self.font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
self.rect.center=self.screen_rect.center
self.prep_msg(msg)
def prep_msg(self,msg):
"""将msg渲染为图像,并使其在按钮上居中"""
self.msg_image=self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
self.msg_image_rect=self.msg_image.get_rect()
self.msg_image_rect.center=self.rect.center
def draw_button(self):
self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)
import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship
class Scoreboard():
"""显示得分信息的类"""
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,stats):
"""初始化显示得分涉及的属性"""
self.screen = screen
self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
self.ai_settings=ai_settings
self.stats=stats
self.text_color=(21,30,30)
self.font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
self.prep_score()
self.prep_high_score()
self.prep_level()
self.prep_ships()
def prep_score(self):
"""将得分转换为一幅渲染的图像"""
rounded_score=round(self.stats.score,-1)
score_str="{:,}".format(rounded_score)
self.score_image=self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
self.score_rect=self.score_image.get_rect()
self.score_rect.right=self.screen_rect.right-20
self.score_rect.top=20
def show_score(self):
"""在屏幕上显示得分"""
self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)
self.ships.draw(self.screen)
def prep_high_score(self):
"""将最高得分转换为渲染的图像"""
high_score=int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))
high_score_str="{:,}".format(high_score)
self.high_score_image=self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
self.high_score_rect=self.high_score_image.get_rect()
self.high_score_rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerx
self.high_score_rect.top=self.score_rect.top
def prep_level(self):
"""将等级转换为渲染的图像"""
self.level_image=self.font.render(str(self.stats.level),True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
self.level_rect=self.level_image.get_rect()
self.level_rect.right=self.score_rect.right
self.level_rect.top=self.score_rect.bottom+10
def prep_ships(self):
"""显示还剩下多少艘飞机"""
self.ships=Group()
for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
ship=Ship(self.ai_settings,self.screen)
ship.rect.x=10+ship_number*ship.rect.width
ship.rect.y=10
self.ships.add(ship)
- 参考书籍
《Python编程:从入门到实践 》作者:【美】Eric Matthes