1. 参考说明
参考文档：
https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/GettingStarted
2. 安装环境说明
2.1. 环境说明
CentOS7.4+ Hadoop2.7.5的伪分布式环境
| 主机名 |
NameNode |
SecondaryNameNode
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|
DataNodes |
| centoshadoop.smartmap.com |
192.168.1.80 |
192.168.1.80 |
192.168.1.80 |
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Hadoop的安装目录为：/opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5
3. 安装
3.1. Hive下载
https://hive.apache.org/downloads.html
3.2. Hive解压
将下载的apache-hive-2.3.3-bin.tar.gz解压到/opt/hadoop/hive-2.3.3目录下
4. 配置
4.1. 修改profile文件
vi /etc/profile
export HIVE_HOME=/opt/hadoop/hive-2.3.3
export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$HIVE_HOME/lib
4.2. 将JDK升级为1.8版本
将JDK切换成1.8的版本，并修改所有与JAVA_HOME相关的变量
4.3. 安装MySQL数据库
4.3.1. 下载MySQL源
[root@centoshadoop soft]# wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
4.3.2. 安装MySQL源
[root@centoshadoop soft]# yum install mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
4.3.3. 安装MySQL
[root@centoshadoop soft]# yum install mysql-server
4.3.4. 启动mysql服务
[root@centoshadoop soft]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@centoshadoop soft]# systemctl enable mysqld
4.3.5. 重置root密码
MySQL5.7会在安装后为root用户生成一个随机密码, MySQL为root用户生成的随机密码通过mysqld.log文件可以查找到
[root@centoshadoop soft]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-05-22T09:23:43.115820Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 2&?SYJpBOdwo
[root@centoshadoop soft]#
[ambari@master opt]$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.22
…....
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global validate_password_length=3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global validate_password_mixed_case_count=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global validate_password_number_count=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global validate_password_special_char_count=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'gis123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| validate_password_check_user_name | OFF |
| validate_password_dictionary_file | |
| validate_password_length | 4 |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count | 0 |
| validate_password_number_count | 0 |
| validate_password_policy | LOW |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 0 |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> set global validate_password_length=3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'gis';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[ambari@master opt]$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
4.3.6. 开放数据库访问权限
[root@localsource ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
……
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'gis' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
4.3.7. 安装mysql jdbc驱动
4.3.7.1. 上传软件包到/opt/java/目录下
上传软件包mysql-connector-java-5.1.46.jar到/opt/java/jdk1.8.0_171/lib/目录下
4.3.7.2. 测试
import java.sql.*;
public class SqlTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
try {
String driver="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
String url="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mysql?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false";
String user="root";
String password="gis";
Class.forName(driver);
Connection conn=DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
Statement stmt=conn.createStatement();
System.out.println("mysql test successful!");
stmt.close();
conn.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("mysql test fail!");
}
}
}
编译执行
javac SqlTest.java
java SqlTest
4.4. 修改Hive的配置文件
cd /opt/hadoop/hive-2.3.3/conf/
cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh
4.5. 配置Hive的Metastore
[root@centoshadoop conf]# cp /opt/hadoop/hive-2.3.3/conf/hive-default.xml.template /opt/hadoop/hive-2.3.3/conf/hive-site.xml
[root@centoshadoop conf]# vi /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml
[root@centoshadoop conf]# mkdir -p /opt/hadoop/hive-2.3.3/temp/hadoopUser
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false</value>
<description>
JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>root</value>
<description>Username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>gis</value>
<description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
<description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.exec.local.scratchdir</name>
<value>/opt/hadoop/hive-2.3.3/temp/${system:user.name}</value>
<description>Local scratch space for Hive jobs</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.downloaded.resources.dir</name>
<value>/opt/hadoop/hive-2.3.3/temp/${hive.session.id}_resources</value>
<description>Temporary local directory for added resources in the remote file system.</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.querylog.location</name>
<value>/opt/hadoop/hive-2.3.3/temp/${system:user.name}</value>
<description>Location of Hive run time structured log file</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.server2.logging.operation.log.location</name>
<value>/opt/hadoop/hive-2.3.3/temp/${system:user.name}/operation_logs</value>
<description>Top level directory where operation logs are stored if logging functionality is enabled</description>
</property>
5. 启动Hadoop
5.1. 启动YARN与HDFS
cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/sbin
start-all.sh
5.2. 启动historyserver
cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/sbin
mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver
6. 初始化元数据
[root@centoshadoop bin]# cp /opt/java/jdk1.8.0_171/lib/mysql-connector-java-5.1.46.jar /opt/hadoop/hive-2.3.3/lib/
[root@centoshadoop bin]# schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema
7. 应用Hive工具
7.1. 启动运行Hive的交互式Shell环境
cd /opt/hadoop/hive-2.3.3/bin
hive
7.2. 列出表格
hive> show tables;
7.3. 创建表格
hive> CREATE TABLE records (year STRING, temperature INT, quality INT) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t';
OK
Time taken: 3.755 seconds
7.4. 加载数据
hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/root/hapood/data/input/ncdc/micro-tab/sample.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE records;
Loading data to table default.records
OK
Time taken: 1.412 seconds
[root@centoshadoop micro-tab]# hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse
Found 1 items
drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2018-05-22 19:12 /user/hive/warehouse/records
[root@centoshadoop micro-tab]# hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/records
Found 1 items
7.5. 查询数据
hive> SELECT year, MAX(temperature) FROM records WHERE temperature != 9999 AND quality IN (0, 1, 4, 5, 9) GROUP BY year;
WARNING: Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a different execution engine (i.e. spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases.
Query ID = root_20180522191929_43c997e9-c72d-4fbd-b54a-35865d4f3a3f
Total jobs = 1
Launching Job 1 out of 1
7.6. 退出
hive> exit;
7.7. 分区与桶
7.7.1. 分区
7.7.1.1. 创建分区表
hive> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS logs;
hive> CREATE TABLE logs (ts BIGINT, line STRING) PARTITIONED BY (dt STRING, country STRING);
7.7.1.2. 加载数据到分区表
hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/root/hapood/data/input/hive/partitions/file1' INTO TABLE logs PARTITION (dt='2001-01-01', country='GB');
hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/root/hapood/data/input/hive/partitions/file2' INTO TABLE logs PARTITION (dt='2001-01-01', country='GB');
hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/root/hapood/data/input/hive/partitions/file3' INTO TABLE logs PARTITION (dt='2001-01-01', country='US');
hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/root/hapood/data/input/hive/partitions/file4' INTO TABLE logs PARTITION (dt='2001-01-02', country='GB');
hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/root/hapood/data/input/hive/partitions/file5' INTO TABLE logs PARTITION (dt='2001-01-02', country='US');
hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/root/hapood/data/input/hive/partitions/file6' INTO TABLE logs PARTITION (dt='2001-01-02', country='US');
7.7.1.3. 显示分区表的分区
hive> SHOW PARTITIONS logs;
OK
dt=2001-01-01/country=GB
dt=2001-01-01/country=US
dt=2001-01-02/country=GB
dt=2001-01-02/country=US
Time taken: 4.439 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s)
7.7.1.4. 查询数据
hive> SELECT ts, dt, line FROM logs WHERE country='GB';
OK
1 2001-01-01 Log line 1
2 2001-01-01 Log line 2
4 2001-01-02 Log line 4
Time taken: 1.922 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
7.7.2. 桶
7.7.2.1. 创建一般的表
hive> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users;
hive> CREATE TABLE users (id INT, name STRING);
7.7.2.2. 为表加载数据
hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/root/hapood/data/input/hive/tables/users.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE users;
hive> dfs -cat /user/hive/warehouse/users/users.txt;
0Nat
2Joe
3Kay
4Ann
hive>
7.7.2.3. 创建分桶表
hive> CREATE TABLE bucketed_users (id INT, name STRING) CLUSTERED BY (id) INTO 4 BUCKETS;
OK
Time taken: 0.081 seconds
hive> DROP TABLE bucketed_users;
OK
Time taken: 1.118 seconds
7.7.2.4. 创建分桶排序表
hive> CREATE TABLE bucketed_users (id INT, name STRING) CLUSTERED BY (id) SORTED BY (id) INTO 4 BUCKETS;
7.7.2.5. 为分桶排序表加载数据
hive> SELECT * FROM users;
OK
0 Nat
2 Joe
3 Kay
4 Ann
Time taken: 1.366 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s)
hive> SET hive.enforce.bucketing=true;
hive> INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE bucketed_users SELECT * FROM users;
7.7.2.6. 查看分分桶排序表中的HDFS的文件
hive> dfs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/bucketed_users;
Found 4 items
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop supergroup 12 2018-05-22 21:07 /user/hive/warehouse/bucketed_users/000000_0
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop supergroup 0 2018-05-22 21:07 /user/hive/warehouse/bucketed_users/000001_0
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop supergroup 6 2018-05-22 21:07 /user/hive/warehouse/bucketed_users/000002_0
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop supergroup 6 2018-05-22 21:07 /user/hive/warehouse/bucketed_users/000003_0
hive> dfs -cat /user/hive/warehouse/bucketed_users/000000_0;
0Nat
4Ann
7.7.2.7. 从指定的桶中进行取样
hive> SELECT * FROM bucketed_users TABLESAMPLE(BUCKET 1 OUT OF 4 ON id);
OK
0 Nat
4 Ann
Time taken: 0.393 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)
hive> SELECT * FROM bucketed_users TABLESAMPLE(BUCKET 1 OUT OF 2 ON id);
OK
0 Nat
4 Ann
2 Joe
hive> SELECT * FROM users TABLESAMPLE(BUCKET 1 OUT OF 4 ON rand());
OK
Time taken: 0.072 seconds
7.8. 存贮格式
7.8.1. 创建一般的表
hive> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users;
hive> CREATE TABLE users (id INT, name STRING);
7.8.2. 为表加载数据
hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/root/hapood/data/input/hive/tables/users.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE users;
7.8.3. SequenceFile文件
7.8.3.1. 创建SequenceFile文件与加载数据
hive> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users_seqfile;
hive> SET hive.exec.compress.output=true;
hive> SET mapreduce.output.fileoutputformat.compress.codec=org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.DeflateCodec;
hive> SET mapreduce.output.fileoutputformat.compress.type=BLOCK;
hive> CREATE TABLE users_seqfile STORED AS SEQUENCEFILE AS SELECT id, name FROM users;
7.8.3.2. 查询数据
hive> SELECT * from users_seqfile;
OK
0 Nat
2 Joe
3 Kay
4 Ann
Time taken: 0.409 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s)
7.8.4. Avro文件
7.8.4.1. 创建Avro文件
hive> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users_avro;
hive> SET hive.exec.compress.output=true;
hive> SET avro.output.codec=snappy;
hive> CREATE TABLE users_avro (id INT, name STRING) STORED AS AVRO;
OK
Time taken: 0.234 seconds
7.8.4.2. 加载数据
hive> INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE users_avro SELECT * FROM users;
7.8.4.3. 查询数据
hive> SELECT * from users_avro;
OK
0 Nat
2 Joe
3 Kay
4 Ann
Time taken: 0.21 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s)
7.8.5. Parquet文件
7.8.5.1. 创建Parquet文件
hive> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users_parquet;
7.8.5.2. 创建Parquet文件与加载数据
hive> CREATE TABLE users_parquet STORED AS PARQUET AS SELECT * FROM users;
7.8.5.3. 查询数据
hive> SELECT * from users_parquet;
OK
SLF4J: Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder".
SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#StaticLoggerBinder for further details.
0 Nat
2 Joe
3 Kay
4 Ann
7.8.6. ORCFile文件
7.8.6.1. 创建ORCFile文件
hive> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users_orc;
7.8.6.2. 创建ORCFile文件与加载数据
hive> CREATE TABLE users_orc STORED AS ORCFILE AS SELECT * FROM users;
7.8.6.3. 查询数据
hive> SELECT * from users_orc;
OK
0 Nat
2 Joe
3 Kay
4 Ann
Time taken: 0.086 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s)
7.8.7. 定制系列化
7.8.7.1. 创建文件
hive> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS stations;
hive> CREATE TABLE stations (usaf STRING, wban STRING, name STRING)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.contrib.serde2.RegexSerDe'
WITH SERDEPROPERTIES (
"input.regex" = "(\\d{6}) (\\d{5}) (.{29}) .*"
);
7.8.7.2. 加载数据
hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH "/root/hapood/data/input/ncdc/metadata/stations-fixed-width.txt" INTO TABLE stations;
7.8.7.3. 查询数据
hive> SELECT * FROM stations LIMIT 4;
OK
010000 99999 BOGUS NORWAY
010003 99999 BOGUS NORWAY
010010 99999 JAN MAYEN
010013 99999 ROST
Time taken: 0.103 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s)
hive>
7.9. 多表插入
7.9.1. 创建一般的表
hive> DROP TABLE IF exists records2;
hive> CREATE TABLE records2 (station STRING, year STRING, temperature INT, quality INT) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t';
7.9.2. 为表加载数据
hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/root/hapood/data/input/ncdc/micro-tab/sample2.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE records2;
7.9.3. 创建其它的多张表
hive> DROP TABLE IF exists stations_by_year;
OK
Time taken: 0.03 seconds
hive> DROP TABLE IF exists records_by_year;
OK
Time taken: 0.016 seconds
hive> DROP TABLE IF exists good_records_by_year;
OK
Time taken: 0.012 seconds
hive> CREATE TABLE stations_by_year (year STRING, num INT);
OK
Time taken: 0.101 seconds
hive> CREATE TABLE records_by_year (year STRING, num INT);
OK
Time taken: 0.166 seconds
hive> CREATE TABLE good_records_by_year (year STRING, num INT);
OK
Time taken: 0.073 seconds
7.9.4. 将一张表中的数据插入到其它多张表中
hive> FROM records2
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE stations_by_year SELECT year, COUNT(DISTINCT station) GROUP BY year
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE records_by_year SELECT year, COUNT(1) GROUP BY year
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE good_records_by_year SELECT year, COUNT(1) WHERE temperature != 9999 AND quality IN (0, 1, 4, 5, 9) GROUP BY year;
7.9.4.1. 查询数据
hive> SELECT * FROM stations_by_year;
OK
1949 2
1950 2
Time taken: 0.207 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)
hive> SELECT * FROM records_by_year;
OK
1949 2
1950 3
Time taken: 0.133 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)
hive> SELECT * FROM good_records_by_year;
OK
1949 2
1950 3
Time taken: 0.091 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)
7.9.4.2. 多表联接查询数据
hive> SELECT stations_by_year.year, stations_by_year.num, records_by_year.num, good_records_by_year.num FROM stations_by_year
JOIN records_by_year ON (stations_by_year.year = records_by_year.year)
JOIN good_records_by_year ON (stations_by_year.year = good_records_by_year.year);
Stage-Stage-4: Map: 1 Cumulative CPU: 2.19 sec HDFS Read: 7559 HDFS Write: 133 SUCCESS
Total MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 2 seconds 190 msec
OK
1949 2 2 2
1950 2 3 3
Time taken: 29.217 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)