例1：
In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced,// the non-commercial tree species are recognized as menbers of the native forest community, //to be preserved as such, within reason.

forestry 森林
ecologically 生态上的
commercial 商业的，盈利的
forest community 森林群落

1.找主句的谓语动词：are recognized
句子主干部分：
the non-commercial tree species are recognized as menbers of the native forest community
非盈利的树被作为当地森林社区的成员

2状语：
In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced
在欧洲，森林在生态上更为先进

注意这里within reason 是方式状语
to be preserved as such, within reason.
并得到合理的保护

翻译：
在欧洲，森林在生态上更为进步，非盈利的树被作为当地森林社区的成员并得到合理的保护。

例2：
Interest in historical methods has arisen// less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline //and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

arisen 产生，引起，出现，起来
external 外部的，外面的
validity 有效性，正确性
intellectual 智力的，知识的
discipline 纪律，规定，训练
internal 内部的

1.找主句的谓语动词：has arisen
句子主干：
Interest in historical methods has arisen
人们对历史文化产生了兴趣l

less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline
更少的来自外部对作为知识学科的历史有效性的质疑
more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
更多来自他们在历史文化之间内部争论

翻译：
人们之所以对历史研究方法产生兴趣，与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门知识学科有效性的质疑，还不如说是因为历史学家自己内部的争论。

例3：
Television is one of the means// by which these feelings are created and conveyed——//and perhaps never before has it served so much// to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.

feeling 情感，感受
Television 电视
convey 表达，传递
recent 最近
serve 为…服务
peoples 名族

1.主句的谓语动词：is
Television is one of the means
电视是手段之一

2.by which these feelings are created and conveyed
这些感受产生和传递

3.and perhaps never before has it served so much
以前从来没有起这么大的作用
4.to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.
在欧洲进来发生的事中，电视把不同的民族和国家联系到一起

翻译：
电视是产生和传递这些感受的手段之一——在欧洲进来发生的时间当中，电视把不同的民族和国家联系到一起，以前从来没有起到这么大的作用。