python 递归-探索迷宫
1、实现
a. 路径搜索
小乌龟只能沿着空格子爬行， 如果遇上墙就必须掉头，掉头时会顺时针判断是否有路可走
- 从起点位置，向南走一格，然后在新位置重复此过程
- 如果向南走不通， 则尝试向西， 顺时针找出路
- 如果四个方向都无路可走则陷入死胡同
b. 绘制迷宫
创建一个 Maze类：
- init 初始化迷宫：
- 读取迷宫文件，获取迷宫的基本信息
- 根据迷宫的基础信息绘制迷宫
- loadingMaze 载入迷宫文件
- drawMaze 绘制迷宫：+ 墙，" " 路，S 起点
- drawCenterBox 绘制墙体
- dropBreadcrymb 用"."标记走过的路
- updatePosition 更新乌龟的位置：使用.和-标记走过的路和死胡同
- isExit 判断是否走出迷宫：当乌龟处于迷宫的边缘时(四边)， 则判断走出迷宫
2、探索迷宫-File
探索迷宫方法
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from turtle import *
class Maze:
def __init__(self, mazeFileName):
self.loadingMaze(mazeFileName)
self.t = Turtle(shape='turtle')
# 设置迷宫视图的大小
setup(width=700, height=700)
# 根据迷宫视图的大小初始化坐标轴(以视图的大小缩放迷宫，原始的墙体为1毫米厚)
setworldcoordinates(-(self.columnsInMaze-1)/2-0.5, -(self.rowsInMaze-1)/2-0.5, (self.columnsInMaze-1)/2+0.5, (self.rowsInMaze-1)/2+0.5)
self.drawMaze()
def loadingMaze(self, mazeFileName):
"""
载入迷宫文件， 并获取迷宫的初始信息：
行数、列数、迷宫二维列表、起点位置
迷宫文件：+ 墙，" " 路，S 起点
"""
rowsInMaze = 0
columnsInMaze = 0
# 生成迷宫二维列表
self.mazeList = list()
with open(mazeFileName, 'r') as fMaze:
for line in fMaze.readlines():
for i, ch in enumerate(line):
if ch == "S":
# 迷宫的起点位置
self.startRow = rowsInMaze
self.startCol = i
rowsInMaze += 1
self.mazeList.append(list(line))
columnsInMaze = len(line)
# 迷宫的总行数
self.rowsInMaze = rowsInMaze
# 迷宫的总列数
self.columnsInMaze = columnsInMaze
# 迷宫的xy轴转换，将迷宫由第一象限转换至坐标中心
self.xTranslate = - columnsInMaze / 2
self.yTranslate = - rowsInMaze / 2
def drawMaze(self):
"""
绘制迷宫
"""
tracer(0)
# 迷宫二维列表的第一层代表y周， 第二层表示x轴
for y in range(self.rowsInMaze):
for x in range(self.columnsInMaze):
if self.mazeList[y][x] == "+":
self.drawCenterBox(x + self.xTranslate, y + self.yTranslate, 'tan')
self.t.color('black', 'blue')
self.updatePosition(self.startCol, self.startRow)
tracer(1)
def drawCenterBox(self, x, y, color):
"""
绘制墙体
"""
self.t.up()
self.t.goto(x-0.5,y-0.5)
self.t.color('black', color)
self.t.setheading(90)
self.t.down()
self.t.begin_fill()
for i in range(4):
self.t.forward(1)
self.t.right(90)
self.t.end_fill()
def moveTurtle(self, x, y):
"""
根据坐标移动乌龟的位置
"""
self.t.up()
self.t.setheading(self.t.towards(x + self.xTranslate, y + self.yTranslate))
self.t.goto(x + self.xTranslate, y + self.yTranslate)
def dropBreadcrymb(self, color):
"""
标记走过的路径
"""
self.t.down()
self.t.dot(color)
self.t.up()
def updatePosition(self, x, y, value=None):
"""
刷新乌龟的位置
" ": 路
"+": 墙
".": 走过的路
"-": 死胡同
"""
if value:
self.mazeList[y][x] = value
self.moveTurtle(x, y)
if value == " ":
color = 'green'
elif value == "+":
color = 'red'
elif value == ".":
color = 'black'
elif value == "-":
color = 'red'
else:
color = None
if color:
self.dropBreadcrymb(color)
def isExit(self, row, col):
"""
判断是否找到出口
"""
return (row == 0 or row == self.rowsInMaze -1 or col == 0 or col == self.columnsInMaze)
def __getitem__(self, index):
return self.mazeList[index]
def searchFrom(self, startCol, startRow):
"""
探索迷宫
"""
self.updatePosition(startCol, startRow)
if self.mazeList[startRow][startCol] == "+":
return False
if self.mazeList[startRow][startCol] == ".":
return False
if self.isExit(startRow, startCol):
self.updatePosition(startCol, startRow, "-")
return True
self.updatePosition(startCol,startRow, ".")
found = self.searchFrom(startCol, startRow-1) or self.searchFrom(startCol-1, startRow) or self.searchFrom(startCol, startRow+1) or self.searchFrom(startCol+1, startRow)
if found:
self.updatePosition(startCol, startRow, "$")
else:
self.updatePosition(startCol, startRow, '-')
return found
if __name__ == "__main__":
maze = Maze("./maze_file.txt")
maze.searchFrom(maze.startCol, maze.startRow)
迷宫文件
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ + + + +
+++++++++++++++ +++ +++++++ + +++++ ++ +++++++ ++++++++++ +++
++ + + +++ + ++ + +
+ +++++ + ++++++++++++++ +++++++ ++++++++++ + + +++++++++ ++
++ + + + + S + + +++ + +
+++++++++ + + ++++ +++++++++++ +++++++++++++ ++ +++++++++ ++
+ + + + + ++++++ + +
+++++++ + +++ + ++ + +++++++++++++++ +++++ ++++++++++++
+ + + ++ + + + + +++++++ ++++ +
+ +++++++ + + + + ++++++++ + ++++++ + + +++++++ +
+ + ++ ++ ++ + + +++++++ + + ++++ ++ +
+++++++++++ + + + ++++++++ + ++++++ + + + + ++ ++ ++ +
+ + + + +++++++ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +++++ + + + +++++++ +++++++ +++ ++ + + ++++++++++++ +
+ + + + + + +++ + +++ ++ + + ++ + +
+ + +++++ + + + + + + + ++ + + + + ++++++++ +++++++
+++++ + + + + + +++++++++++ + + + ++ + + + +
+ + ++++++++++ ++++ ++ + ++++++++ + + +++ +
+++++++++ +++++++++++ + + ++++++++++ +++ + + + + +
+ + ++ + ++++ + + ++++ + + + + +
+ ++++++++++ + + ++++++ + +++++++++++++++++++++++ + + +
+ + +++++++++++ + + + ++ + +
+ +++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++ + + + + + +
+ + ++ ++++ + ++++++++++ + + + + + +
+ + + + +++++++++ + + ++++++++++++++ ++++++++ +
+++++++++++++++ + ++++++++ + + ++ + + +
+ + + + + ++++++++++++++ ++++++++++
+ ++++++++++++++ + ++++++ ++++++++++++ + + +
+ + + + + +++++++++++ + + ++++++ +
+++++++++++ + ++++++++++ + + +++++++++++ + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + +++++ ++ + ++++ + +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + +++++++++++++++ + + + + +
+ + + + + ++++++++++ +
+ + ++++++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++ ++ + +
+ + + +++ + + + ++ + ++++ + + ++++++++ + +++
+ + + +++ ++ + + + + + + ++++ +++++ + + + ++ +
+ + + + + + + +++ + + + + ++ ++ ++++++++++ + + +
+ +++++++ + ++ + + + + + + ++ +++ + + +++++ + +
+ + +++ ++++++++ ++++++ ++ ++++++++++++++ ++ + + + + + + +
+ + +++ + +++ + + + + + + ++ + + + + +
+ + + + +++ ++ +++ ++++ + + +++++++ ++ ++ +++++++ + +
+ + + +++++++++++ +++ ++ + + ++ ++++ ++ +
+ + + + + ++ + + +++++++++++++++++++++ +
+ + ++++++++++++++++++++ +++ +++++++++ + + + +
+ + + + + +++++++++++++++++++ + +
+ ++++++++++++++ ++ ++++++++++++++++++++ + + +
+ + + + + ++ + + ++++++++++++++++ ++ +
+ + ++++++ + +++ ++ + ++++++ ++ + ++++++++ + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + ++ + + +++++++++++++++++ +
+++ + + + ++ + +++ + + +++++++ + ++++++++++ + +
+ + + + + + ++ + + + + + + +++++++++++++++++++
+ + + + + + + ++++ + + +++ + ++++++++ + +
+ + + + + + ++ + + + + +++++++++++++++ +
+ + ++++++++ + + + ++++ + + + + ++++++ + + + +
+ + + ++++++++++++ + + ++ + ++ + + +++++++++++ + +
+ +++++++++ + + + + ++ +++++ +++ + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +++++++++++ + + + + + + + + + + +
+++++++++++ + ++ + + + + ++++ + +++++++ + + + +++++++++ +
+ + + + ++++++++ + + + + + + + + +
+ ++++++++++ ++ + +++ ++ ++++++++++++ + + +++++ +++++++ +
+ + + + + ++++ + + + + + +
++++++ + ++ ++ + + + + + +++++++++++++++++++ +++++++ +++++ + +
+ + + + + ++ + + +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++