GUI编程
该怎么学?
- 这是什么?
- 它怎么玩?
- 该如何去在我们平时运用?
- class反编译
组件
- 窗口
- 弹窗
- 面板
- 文件筐
- 列表框
- 按钮
- 图片
- 监听事件
- 鼠标事件
- 键盘事件
- 外挂
- 破解工具
1、简介
Gui的核心技术:Swing AWT
1、不流行主要原因:
- 因为界面不美观。
- 需要 jre 环境!
为什么我们要学习?
- 可以写出自己心中想要的一些小工具。
- 工作时候,也可能需要维护到swing界面,概率极小!
- 了解MVC架构,了解监听!
2、AWT
2.1、Awt介绍
- 包含了很多类和接口! GUI:图形用户界面编程
- 元素:窗口,按钮,文本框
- 包都在java(awt)包
2.2、组件和容器
1、Frame框架
//Gui 的第一个界面
public static void main(String[] args){
//Frame,JDK,看源码!(JDK帮助文档)
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图像界面窗口");
//需要设置可见性
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口大小
frame.setSize(400,400);
//设置背景颜色,可以直接查源代码设置已有的颜色frame.setBackground(Color.black);
//也可以直接输入new color(r.g.b)三基色
frame.setBackground(new Color(37, 80, 167));
//弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(200,200);
//已经大概有雏形,但是没有设置关闭窗口功能,最小化、最大化、窗口尺寸已经默认存在。
//设置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);
}
问题:发现窗口关闭不掉,只能停止java程序运行。
回顾封装:
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//可能需要多个窗口
MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.blue);
MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(150, 150, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(200, 200, 200, 200, Color.red);
MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(250, 250, 200, 200, Color.green);
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame {
static int id = 0; //可能存在多个窗口,需要一个计数器
public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
super("Myframe+"+(++id));//继承
setBounds(x, y, w, h);//坐标
setBackground(color);//颜色
setVisible(true);//可见性
}
}
2、面板Panel
import java.awt.*;
//panel 可以看成是一个空间,但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args){
Frame frame = new Frame(); //new 窗口
//布局的概念
Panel panel = new Panel(); //new 面板
Panel panel1 = new Panel();
//设置布局,不设置面板会置顶
frame.setLayout(null);
//窗口坐标和颜色
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(new Color(140, 208, 212));
//panel 设置坐标,相对于frame
panel.setBounds(50,50,400,100);
panel.setBackground(new Color(181, 186, 54));
panel1.setBounds(50,200,400,250);
panel1.setBackground(new Color(165, 34, 101));
//将panel添加进frame
frame.add(panel1);
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
解决了窗口关闭功能
//监听事件,监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0)强制结束
/*frame.addWindowListener(new WindowListener() {
@Override
public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
}
});......
直接new WindowListener()子类太多,
可以使用适配器模式,new 其中一项需要的子类*/
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
//窗口点击关闭的时候需要的事情
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//结束程序
System.exit(0);
}
2.3、布局管理器
- 流式布局
- 东西南北中
- 表格布局
frame.setLayout
流式布局
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(0));
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFlowLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//组件-按钮
Button button1 = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
//设置流式布局的位置
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(0)); 0为左,1为中...
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));//两种方式
frame.setSize(200,200);
//把按钮添加上去
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
东西南北中
frame.add(按键名字,BorderLayout.EAST方位);
import java.awt.*;
public class TestBorderLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
Button east = new Button("East");
Button west = new Button("West");
Button south = new Button("South");
Button north = new Button("North");
Button center = new Button("Center");
frame.setSize(400,400);
//不同布局的方位
frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
表格布局
TestGridLayout
import java.awt.*;
public class TestGridLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");
Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(btn1);
frame.add(btn2);
frame.add(btn3);
frame.add(btn4);
frame.add(btn5);
frame.add(btn6);
frame.pack();//Java函数,用于优化大小;
// frame.setSize(400,400);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
练习题
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class Testlianxi {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("Gui习题1");
frame.setLayout(null);
//new 按键
Button zuo1 = new Button("zuo1");
Button zuo2 = new Button("zuo2");
Button you1 = new Button("you1");
Button you2 = new Button("you2");
Button shang1 = new Button("shang1");
Button shang2 = new Button("shang2");
Button xia1 = new Button("xia1");
Button xia2 = new Button("xia2");
Button xia3 = new Button("xia3");
Button xia4 = new Button("xia4");
//设置窗口尺寸、颜色
frame.setSize(500,300);
//new 面板
Panel zuo = new Panel();
Panel you = new Panel();
Panel shang = new Panel();
Panel xia = new Panel();
zuo.setBounds(0,0,100,300);
you.setBounds(400,0,100,300);
shang.setBounds(100,0,300,150);
xia.setBounds(100,150,300,150);
you.setBackground(Color.yellow);
shang.setBackground(Color.red);
xia.setBackground(Color.green);
frame.add(zuo);
frame.add(you);
frame.add(shang);
frame.add(xia);
//设置按钮
zuo.add(zuo1);
zuo.add(zuo2);
zuo.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
you.add(you1);
you.add(you2);
you.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
shang.add(shang1);
shang.add(shang2);
shang.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
xia.add(xia1);
xia.add(xia2);
xia.add(xia3);
xia.add(xia4);
xia.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2));
frame.setVisible(true);
//关闭程序
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
问题:
- 面板坐标没问题,但是按键上边和下边有隐藏部分
- 窗口扩大、缩小,按键、面板不随之扩大、缩小。
- frame.setLayout(null);意义是什么?当它不存在时,按键、面板位置错误更加明显。
练习讲解及总结
import java.awt.*;
public class ExDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
frame.setSize(400,300);
frame.setLocation(300,400);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
//4个面板
Panel south = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel south2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
Panel north = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel north2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
//上面
south.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
south.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
south2.add(new Button("south-1"));
south2.add(new Button("south-2"));
south.add(south2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
//下面
north.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
north.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
//中间4个
for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
north2.add(new Button("north-"+i));
}
north.add(north2);
frame.add(south);
frame.add(north);
}
}
总结:
- Frame 是一个顶级窗口
- Panel 无法单独显示,必须添加到某个容器中
- 布局管理器
- 流式
- 东西南北中
- 表格
- 大小、定位、背景颜色、可见性、监听。
2.4、事件监听
事件监听:当某个事件发生的时候,干什么?
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TesActionEvent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//按下按钮,触发一些事件
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button button = new Button();
/*按钮可以new一个接口,需要命名内部类,把他的实现类写下来。但一般不这么做
button.addActionListener(new AbstractAction() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { } });*/
//因为,addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener,所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
//接口就写实现类,父类就继承
MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
windowClose(frame);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
//关闭窗体的事件
private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
//事件监听
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("666");
}
}
任何事件的监听都可以用ActionListener类,按钮、文本、鼠标、网络编程、内部类…
多按钮共享一个事件
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestActionTwo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//两个按钮,实现同一个监听
//开始--停止
Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
Button button1 = new Button("start");
Button button2 = new Button("stop");
// button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
/*e.getActionCommand() 获取按钮的信息
System.out.println("按钮被点击了:msg=>"+e.getActionCommand());
输出结果butoo2为"按钮被点击了:msg=>stop";可以显示的定义触发会返回的命令
butoo1为"start"。无显示定义,则会走默认的值。
*/
//可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
if (e.getActionCommand().equals("start")){
//equals 等号
System.out.println(e.getActionCommand()+"按钮被点击");
} if (e.getActionCommand().equals("stop")){
System.out.println(e.getActionCommand()+"按钮被点击");
}
}
}
2.5、输入框TextField 监听
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestText01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame();
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
public MyFrame(){
TextField textField = new TextField();//文本 TextArea文本域,可以写多行
add(textField);
//监听这个文本框输入的文字
MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
//按下enter 就会触发这个输入框的事件
textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
//设置替换编码
textField.setEchoChar('*');
setVisible(true);
pack();
}
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
//监听器
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
TextField field = (TextField)e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回的一个对象
System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框的文本
field.setText("");//设置enter 后的状态
}
}
2.6、简易计算器,组合+内部类回顾复习!
oop原则:组合大于继承!
目前代码
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TesCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
class Calculator extends Frame{
//计算器类
public Calculator() {
//3个文本框
TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数,框的大小
TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
TextField num3 = new TextField(20);
//1个按钮
Button button = new Button("=");
//按钮的监听事件
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
//1个标签
Label label = new Label("+");
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//监听器类
//获取三个变量
private TextField num1,num2,num3;
public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3) {
this.num1 = num1;
this.num2 = num2;
this.num3 = num3;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1.获取加数和被加数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText()); //将String类转换为int类
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
//2.将这个值+法运算后,放到第三个框
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2)); //String类+int类,后面的int类会转换为String类
//3.清楚前两个框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
完全改造为面向对象
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TesCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator().loadFrame();
}
}
class Calculator extends Frame{
//计算器类
TextField num1,num2,num3;
public void loadFrame(){
//3个文本框
num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数,框的大小
num2 = new TextField(10);
num3 = new TextField(20);
//1个按钮
Button button = new Button("=");
//1个标签
Label label = new Label("+");
//按钮的监听事件
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//监听器类
//获取三个变量
Calculator calculator = null;
public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator) {
this.calculator = calculator;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
/*1.获取加数和被加数
2.将这个值+法运算后,放到第三个框
3.清楚前两个框*/
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText()); //将String类转换为int类
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
calculator.num1.setText("");
calculator.num2.setText("");
}
}
内部类:
- 更好的包装
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TesCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator().loadFrame();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
//属性
TextField num1,num2,num3;
//方法
public void loadFrame(){
//3个文本框
num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数,框的大小
num2 = new TextField(10);
num3 = new TextField(20);
//1个按钮
Button button = new Button("=");
//1个标签
Label label = new Label("+");
//按钮的监听事件
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
//监听器类
// 内部类最大的好处,就是可以畅通无阻的访问外部的属性和方法
private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1.获取加数和被加数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
}
2.7、画笔
基本图形
import java.awt.*;
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().loadFrame();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame {
public void loadFrame(){
setBounds(200,200,600,500);
setVisible(true);
}
//画笔,颜色,可以画画
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
// super.paint(g);有些类里面有初始化操作,就无法删除
g.setColor(Color.red);
//g.drawOval(100,100,100,100); //draw空心
g.fillOval(100,100,100,100); //fill实心、填充的
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
g.fillRect(200,200,200,200);
//养成习惯,画笔用完,将它还原到最初的颜色,不然你再化一个图会带上之前的颜色。
}
}
2.8、鼠标监听
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
//(1)
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame("画图");
}
}
//自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame{
//(2)
//画画需要画笔,需要监听鼠标当前的位置,需要集合来存储这个点
ArrayList points;
public MyFrame(String title) {
//--------框架
super(title); //名字
setBounds(200, 200, 400, 300);
//存标点击的点
points = new ArrayList<>();
//鼠标监听器,针对这个窗口
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener()); //-监听鼠标
setVisible(true);
}
@Override //(3)
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画画 //--------------画笔存储实施
//画画,需要监听鼠标的事件
Iterator iterator = points.iterator(); //-迭代器
while (iterator.hasNext()){
//检查序列中是否还有元素
Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
}
}
//添加一个点到界面上,点集合 //(4)
public void addPaint(Point point){
points.add(point); //将(点)传到迭代器里
}
//适配器模式,就是别人已经写好的端口,不用全部重写内部类,直接继承更加方便。
private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
//(5) //----------监听器
//鼠标,按下,弹起,按下不放。
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
//-鼠标按下
MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource(); //-鼠标按下的来源
//这里我点击的时候,就会在界面上产生一个点
//这个点就是鼠标的点
frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));//--将监控的(点的坐标)传到点集合
//每次点击鼠标都需要重写画一遍
frame.repaint(); //再次刷漆
}
}
}
画图构造流程图
编程步骤:
-
生成main方法(1)
-
创建自己的类(2),框架类,画笔类(3),监听器类(5)
-
(2)生成框架类内基本信息,super,Bounds,Visidle
-
(2)生成集合ArrayLiset
-
(3)画笔类:生成:迭代器iterator;
条件:假如迭代器内有元素,则赋值point;
并且画圆,坐标(point.x,y),大小,颜色;
-
(4)创建一集合点,将未来监控的点传到画笔迭代器里
-
(5)监听器继承MouseAdapter,生成mousePressed;获取按键来源;将点的来源传至集合点(4);再次刷漆
-
(2)框架监控鼠标;(1)new 框架;运行
2.9、窗口监听
package com.ssxxz.lesson03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame("窗口监听");
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
public WindowFrame(String kk) {
super(kk);
setBackground(Color.cyan);
setBounds(100,100,200,200);
setVisible(true);
//匿名内部类
this.addWindowListener(
new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("窗口打开");
}
@Override
public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("窗口关闭中");
}
@Override
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("窗口激活");
WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame) e.getSource(); //获取框架信息
source.setTitle("被激活了");
}
@Override
public void windowStateChanged(WindowEvent e) {
WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
source.setTitle("状态改变了");
System.out.println("窗口状态改变");
}
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("窗口关闭");
System.exit(0);
}
}
);
}
/* 通过匿名内部类可以不用另外创建类
class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
setVisible(false); //隐藏窗口,通过按钮点击事件
System.exit(0); //0正常退出,1非正常退出
}
}*/
}
2.10、键盘监听
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
//键盘
public class TestKeyListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KeyFrame();
}
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
public KeyFrame() {
setBounds(10,10,300,400);
setVisible(true);
this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
//键盘按下
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
//获得当前键盘的码
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode(); //不需要去记录这个数值,直接使用静态属性VK_XXX
System.out.println(keyCode);
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
//KeyEvent.VK 按键类
System.out.println("你按下了上键!");
}
//根据按下不同操作,产生不同结果。
}
});
}
}
3、Swing
3.1、窗口、面板
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JFrameDemo {
//init();初始化
public void init(){
//顶级窗口
JFrame jf = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
jf.setVisible(true);
//jf.setBackground(Color.cyan); 因为在容器中,直接颜色没效果,需要容器实例化
jf.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("欢迎来到狂神说Java系列节目"); //标签
jf.add(jLabel);
//让文本标签居中,设置水平对齐
jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
//需要容器实例化,颜色才能现象
Container contentPane = jf.getContentPane();
contentPane.setBackground(Color.cyan);
//关闭事件
jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//建立一个窗口
new JFrameDemo().init();
}
}
3.2、弹窗
JDialog,用来被弹出,默认就有关闭事件!
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
public DialogDemo() {
this.setVisible(true); //可见
this.setSize(700,500); //尺寸
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); //关闭事件
//JFrame 放东西,容器
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//绝对布局,会相对容器自动定位
container.setLayout(null);
//按钮
JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框"); //创建
button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
//点击这个按钮的时候,弹出一个弹窗
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
//监听器
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//监听弹窗
new MyDialogDemo();
}
});
container.add(button); //将按钮放进容器中
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new DialogDemo();
}
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
public MyDialogDemo() {
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
// this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 弹窗可以被关掉,不需要额外添加事件
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(null);
container.add(new Label("秦老师带你学Java"));
}
}
3.3、标签
lebel
new JLabel("xxx");
图标ICON
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
//图片,需要实现类,Frame 继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
private int width;
private int height;
public IconDemo(){
}
public IconDemo(int width,int height){
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
public void init(){
//图标
IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15,15);
//图标放在标签上,也可以放在按钮上!
//标签,图标,位置
JLabel label = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.add(label);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new IconDemo().init();
}
@Override //图标尺寸
public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
}
@Override
public int getIconWidth() {
return this.width;
}
@Override
public int getIconHeight() {
return this.height;
}
}
图片
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
public ImageIconDemo() {
//获取图片的地址
JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("xxx.jpg");//获取当前类以下的东西
ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);//命名不要冲突
label.setIcon(imageIcon);
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
contentPane.add(label);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setBounds(100,100,300,500);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ImageIconDemo();
}
}
3.4、面板
JPanel
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
public JPanelDemo() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//后面参数的意思,面板与面板的间距
container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));
JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 3)); //GridLayout网格布局
JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 3));
panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
container.add(panel1);
container.add(panel2);
container.add(panel3);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JPanelDemo();
}
}
边框,文本域
JScrollPanel
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
public JScrollDemo() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
textArea.setText("欢迎学习狂神说Java");
//Scroll 面板
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(scrollPane);
this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
3.5、按钮
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo01() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//将一个图片变为图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("123.jpg"); //图片路径
ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(resource); //转换为图标
//把这个图标放到按钮上
JButton button = new JButton();
button.setIcon(icon);
button.setToolTipText("图片按钮"); //图片按钮提示
//add
container.add(button);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo01();
}
}
- 单选按钮
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame{
public JButtonDemo02() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//将一个图片变为图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("123.jpg"); //图片路径
ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(resource); //转换为图标
//单选框
JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton01");
JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton02");
JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton03");
//由于单选框只能选择一个,可以将他们分组,一个组只能选一个。
ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup(); //组
group.add(radioButton1);
group.add(radioButton2);
group.add(radioButton3);
container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo02();
}
}
- 复选按钮
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo03() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//将一个图片变为图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("123.jpg"); //图片路径
ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(resource); //转换为图标
//多选框
JCheckBox checkBox01 = new JCheckBox("checkBox01");
JCheckBox checkBox02 = new JCheckBox("checkBox02");
container.add(checkBox01,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(checkBox02,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo03();
}
}
3.6、列表
- 下拉框
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TsetComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
public TsetComboboxDemo01() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JComboBox status = new JComboBox();
status.addItem(null);
status.addItem("正在上映");
status.addItem("已下架");
status.addItem("即将上映");
// status.addActionListener(); 监听获取值
container.add(status);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TsetComboboxDemo01();
}
}
- 列表框
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;
public class TsetComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame {
public TsetComboboxDemo02() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//生产列表的内容
//String[] contents = {"1","2","3"}; 静态数组
Vector contents = new Vector();
//列表中需要放入内容
JList jList = new JList(contents); //列表
//动态数组
contents.add("zhangsan");
contents.add("lisi");
contents.add("wangwu");
container.add(jList);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TsetComboboxDemo02();
}
}
- 应用场景
- 下拉框:选择地址或者一些单个选项(一到两个最好使用按钮,两个以上使用下拉框,节省内存布局)
- 列表框:展示信息,一般是动态扩容。
3.7、文本框
- 文本框 TextField
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {
public TestTextDemo01() throws HeadlessException {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JTextField textField1 = new JTextField("hello",50); //文本框+尺寸
JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("world");
container.add(textField1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestTextDemo01();
}
}
- 密码框 PasswordField
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextDemo02 extends JFrame {
public TestTextDemo02() throws HeadlessException {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField(); //密码框***
passwordField.setEchoChar('?'); //密码框显示符号
container.add(passwordField);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestTextDemo02();
}
}
- 文本域 TextArea
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
public JScrollDemo() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
textArea.setText("欢迎学习狂神说Java");
//Scroll 面板
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(scrollPane);
this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
贪吃蛇
帧,如果时间片足够小,就是动画,一秒30帧以上就已经达到动画效果,拆开就是静态的图片。
键盘监听
定时器 Timer
编程流程
-
定义数据
-
画上去
-
监听事件
键盘监听
事件监听
运行类
public class StartGame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.add(new GamePanel() );
//窗口大小在设定游戏时,就已经设计好的
frame.setBounds(10,10,900,720);
frame.setResizable(false); //窗口大小不可变
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
方法类
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.util.Random;
//游戏面板 继承面板 接口监控器
public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener , ActionListener {
//定义蛇的数据结构
int length;
int[] snakeX = new int[600]; //蛇的x坐标
int[] snakeY = new int[500]; //蛇的x坐标
String fx; //初始化方法
//食物的坐标
int foodx;
int foody;
Random random = new Random();
//积分
int score;
//游戏开始、结束状态
boolean isStart = false; //默认不开始
boolean isFail = false; //默认失败状态
//定时器 以 ms 为单位 1000ms = 1s
Timer timer = new Timer(100,this); //100毫秒执行一次
//构造器
public GamePanel() {
init();
//获得焦点和键盘事件
this.setFocusable(true); //获得焦点事件
this.addKeyListener(this);//获得当前类键盘监听事件
timer.start(); //游戏一开始定时器就启动
}
//初始化小蛇
public void init(){
length = 3;
snakeX[0] = 100;snakeY[0] = 100; //脑袋的坐标
snakeX[1] = 75;snakeY[1] = 100; //第一个身体的坐标
snakeX[2] = 50;snakeY[2] = 100; //第二个身体的坐标
fx = "R"; //初始化方法向右
score = 0;
//食物随机分布
foodx = 25 + 25*random.nextInt(34); //25*34=850为整个界面大小
foody = 75 +25*random.nextInt(24);
}
//绘制面板,我们游戏中所有东西,都是用这个画笔来画
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g); //清屏,提高画面
//绘制静态的面板
this.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
Data.biaoti.paintIcon(this,g,15,11); //头部广告栏画上去
g.fillRect(15,75,850,600); //默认的游戏界面
//画积分
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,18));
g.drawString("长度"+length,750,30);
g.drawString("分数"+score,750,50);
//食物
Data.food.paintIcon(this,g,foodx,foody);
//把小蛇画上去
if (fx.equals("R")){
Data.right.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头
}else if (fx.equals("L"))
{
Data.left.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]); //蛇头
}else if (fx.equals("U"))
{
Data.up.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]); //蛇头
}else if (fx.equals("D"))
{
Data.down.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]); //蛇头
}
for (int i = 1; i < length ; i++) {
//for循环根据length身体的长度,对身体进行制作。
Data.body.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[i],snakeY[i]); //身体
}
//游戏状态
if (isStart == false){
//字体
g.setColor(Color.white);
g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,40)); //设置字体;类型-粗、斜-大小
g.drawString("按下空格开始游戏",300,300);
}
if (isFail){
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,40)); //设置字体;类型-粗、斜-大小
g.drawString("游戏失败,按下空格重新开始",300,300);
}
}
//键盘监听
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode(); //获取键盘按键是哪个
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE){
//如果 按下 == 空格
if (isFail){
//重新开始
isFail = false;
init(); //从新开始
}else {
isStart = !isStart; //取反 !非
}
repaint();
}
//小蛇移动
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP&& fx!="D"){
fx = "U";
}else if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN&& fx!="U") {
fx = "D";
}else if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT&& fx!="R") {
fx = "L";
}else if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT&& fx!="L") {
fx = "R";
}
}
//事件监听——需要通过固定事件刷新,1s = 10次
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (isStart && isFail == false){
//如果游戏是开始状态,且不是游戏失败
//食物
if (snakeX[0] == foodx && snakeY[0] == foody){
//长度+1
length ++;
//积分+10
score = score+10;
//再次随机食物
foodx = 25 + 25*random.nextInt(34);
foody = 75 +25*random.nextInt(24);
}
//就让小蛇动起来,默认右移
for (int i = length-1; i >0 ; i--) {
//后一节移到前一节的位置 snakeX[1] = snakeX[1-1=0];
snakeX[i] = snakeX[i-1];
snakeY[i] = snakeY[i-1];
}
//边界判断,走向
if (fx.equals("R")){
snakeX[0] = snakeX[0]+25;
if (snakeX[0]>850){
snakeX[0] = 15;
}
}else if (fx.equals("L")){
snakeX[0] = snakeX[0]-25;
if (snakeX[0]<15){
snakeX[0] = 850;
}}else if (fx.equals("U")){
snakeY[0] = snakeY[0]-25;
if (snakeY[0]<75){
snakeY[0] = 650;
}}else if (fx.equals("D")){
snakeY[0] = snakeY[0]+25;
if (snakeY[0]>650){
snakeY[0] = 75;
}}
//如果头碰到身体,则isFail为true 失败
for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
if (snakeX[0] == snakeX[i] && snakeY[0] == snakeY[i]){
isFail = true;
}
}
repaint(); //重画页面
}
timer.start(); //定时器开启
}
@Override
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
}
}
数据类
import javax.swing.*;
import java.net.URL;
//数据中心
public class Data {
//相对路径 tx.jpg
//绝对路径 / 相当于当前的项目
public static URL biaotiURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/biaoti.png");
public static ImageIcon biaoti = new ImageIcon(biaotiURL);
public static URL shetousURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/sss.png");
public static URL shetouxURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/xxx.png");
public static URL shetouzURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/zzz.png");
public static URL shetouyURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/yyy.png");
public static ImageIcon up = new ImageIcon(shetousURL);
public static ImageIcon down = new ImageIcon(shetouxURL);
public static ImageIcon left = new ImageIcon(shetouzURL);
public static ImageIcon right = new ImageIcon(shetouyURL);
public static URL lvURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/lv.png");
public static URL qiuURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/qiu.png");
public static ImageIcon body = new ImageIcon(lvURL);
public static ImageIcon food = new ImageIcon(qiuURL);
}
总结
GUI学习总结
常用码
Frame; 框架
Panel; 面板
setVisible; 可见性true
setSize(x,x); 初始尺寸
setLocation(x,x); 初始位置,x,y
setBounds(x,x,x,x); 初始坐标+尺寸
setBackground(new color(x,x,x)); 颜色,三基色
setResizable; 大小是否可调,true,false
setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT)); 流式布局
frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST); 方向布局
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2)); 表格布局
ActionListener; 监听器
TextField; 文本框
TextArea; 文本域
PasswordField; 密码框
Integer.parseInt(); String类转int类
paint; 画笔
MouseAdapter; 鼠标监听器
WindowListener; 窗口监听
KeyListener; 键盘监听
DefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.); 关闭事件(JFrame)
ContentPane; 容器(JFrame)
Layout; 容器自动定位(JFrame)
Button; 按钮
RadioButton; 单选按钮
ButtonGroup; 组
CheckBox; 多选按钮
ComboBox; 下拉框
List; 列表框
Dialog; 对话框
Label; 标签
IconDemo; 图标
ImageIcon; 图片
Scroll; 滚动条
Timer; 定时器