五种数据结构
String结构
字符串常用操作
SET key value //存入字符串键值对
MSET key value [key value ...] //批量存储字符串键值对
SETNX key value //存入一个不存在的字符串键值对
GET key //获取一个字符串键值
MGET key [key ...] //批量获取字符串键值
DEL key [key ...] //删除一个键
EXPIRE key seconds //设置一个键的过期时间(秒)
原子加减
INCR key //将key中储存的数字值加1
DECR key //将key中储存的数字值减1
INCRBY key increment //将key所储存的值加上increment
DECRBY key decrement //将key所储存的值减去decrement
127.0.0.1:6379> incr yuanzi
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> get yuanzi
"1"
127.0.0.1:6379> decr yuanzi
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> get yuanzi
"0"
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "yuanzi"
127.0.0.1:6379> set ak 1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get ak
"1"
127.0.0.1:6379> incrby ak 5
(integer) 6
127.0.0.1:6379> get ak
"6"
127.0.0.1:6379> decrby ak 2
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> get ak
"4"
127.0.0.1:6379>
String应用场景
单值缓存
SET key value
GET key
对象缓存
1) SET user:1 value(json格式数据)
2) MSET user:1:name edsion user:1:balance 1888
MGET user:1:name user:1:balance
分布式锁
SETNX product:10001 true //返回1代表获取锁成功
SETNX product:10001 true //返回0代表获取锁失败
。。。执行业务操作
DEL product:10001 //执行完业务释放锁
SET product:10001 true ex 10 nx //防止程序意外终止导致死锁
计数器
INCR article:readcount:{文章id}
GET article:readcount:{文章id}
阅读量
Web集群session共享
spring session + redis实现session共享
分布式系统全局序列号
INCRBY orderId 1000 //redis批量生成序列号提升性能
Hash结构
Hash常用操作
HSET key field value //存储一个哈希表key的键值
HSETNX key field value //存储一个不存在的哈希表key的键值
HMSET key field value [field value ...] //在一个哈希表key中存储多个键值对
HGET key field //获取哈希表key对应的field键值
HMGET key field [field ...] //批量获取哈希表key中多个field键值
HDEL key field [field ...] //删除哈希表key中的field键值
HLEN key //返回哈希表key中field的数量
HGETALL key //返回哈希表key中所有的键值
HINCRBY key field increment //为哈希表key中field键的值加上增量increment
127.0.0.1:6379> hset key field value
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hget key field
"value"
127.0.0.1:6379> del key
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hget key field
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> hset usermap name1 dalang name2 menqing name3 jinlian
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> hget usermap
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'hget' command
127.0.0.1:6379> hlen usermap
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall username
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall usermap
1) "name1"
2) "dalang"
3) "name2"
4) "menqing"
5) "name3"
6) "jinlian"
127.0.0.1:6379> hget usermap name1
"dalang"
127.0.0.1:6379> hsetnx agemap user1 18 user2 20 user3 32
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'hsetnx' command
127.0.0.1:6379> hsetnx age 18
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'hsetnx' command
127.0.0.1:6379> hsetnx agemap user 18
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hmset sex dalang n menqing n jinlian v
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> hsetnx agemap user 18
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> hget agemap
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'hget' command
127.0.0.1:6379> hget agemap user
"18"
127.0.0.1:6379> hmget usermap
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'hmget' command
127.0.0.1:6379> hmget usermap name1 name2 name3
1) "dalang"
2) "menqing"
3) "jinlian"
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall usermap
1) "name1"
2) "dalang"
3) "name2"
4) "menqing"
5) "name3"
6) "jinlian"
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall agemap
1) "user"
2) "18"
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall sex
1) "dalang"
2) "n"
3) "menqing"
4) "n"
5) "jinlian"
6) "v"
127.0.0.1:6379> hincrby agemap user 5
(integer) 23
127.0.0.1:6379> hget agemap user
"23"
127.0.0.1:6379>
Hash结构优点
优点
1)同类数据归类整合储存,方便数据管理
2)相比string操作消耗内存与cpu更小
3)相比string储存更节省空间
缺点
过期功能不能使用在field上,只能用在key上
Redis集群架构下不适合大规模使用
Redis集群架构
Hash应用场景
对象缓存
HMSET user {userId}:name zhuge {userId}:balance 1888
HMSET user 1:name edsion 1:balance 1888
HMGET user 1:name 1:balance
127.0.0.1:6379> hmset user 1:name dalang 1:age 20 1:money 0 2:name menqing 2:age 18 2:money 100
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> hmget user
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'hmget' command
127.0.0.1:6379> hmget user 1:name 1:age 1:money
1) "dalang"
2) "20"
3) "0"
电商购物车
1)以用户id为key
2)商品id为field
3)商品数量为value
购物车操作
添加商品hset cart:1001 10088 1
增加数量hincrby cart:1001 10088 1
商品总数hlen cart:1001
删除商品hdel cart:1001 10088
获取购物车所有商品hgetall cart:1001
List结构
List常用操作
LPUSH key value [value ...] //将一个或多个值value插入到key列表的表头(最左边)
RPUSH key value [value ...] //将一个或多个值value插入到key列表的表尾(最右边)
LPOP key //移除并返回key列表的头元素
RPOP key //移除并返回key列表的尾元素
LRANGE key start stop //返回列表key中指定区间内的元素,区间以偏移量start和stop指定
BLPOP key [key ...] timeout //从key列表表头弹出一个元素,若列表中没有元素,阻塞等待 timeout秒,如果timeout=0,一直阻塞等待
BRPOP key [key ...] timeout //从key列表表尾弹出一个元素,若列表中没有元素,阻塞等待 timeout秒,如果timeout=0,一直阻塞等待
127.0.0.1:6379> Lpush namelist 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
(integer) 9
127.0.0.1:6379> get namelist
(error) WRONGTYPE Operation against a key holding the wrong kind of value
127.0.0.1:6379> getlist namelist
(error) ERR unknown command `getlist`, with args beginning with: `namelist`,
127.0.0.1:6379> -h
(error) ERR unknown command `-h`, with args beginning with:
127.0.0.1:6379> lget namelist
(error) ERR unknown command `lget`, with args beginning with: `namelist`,
127.0.0.1:6379> lget namelist 1
(error) ERR unknown command `lget`, with args beginning with: `namelist`, `1`,
127.0.0.1:6379> langet namelist
(error) ERR unknown command `langet`, with args beginning with: `namelist`,
127.0.0.1:6379> langet namelist stat stop
(error) ERR unknown command `langet`, with args beginning with: `namelist`, `stat`, `stop`,
127.0.0.1:6379> langet namelist start stop
(error) ERR unknown command `langet`, with args beginning with: `namelist`, `start`, `stop`,
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange namelist start stop
(error) ERR value is not an integer or out of range
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange namelist 0 9
1) "9"
2) "8"
3) "7"
4) "6"
5) "5"
6) "4"
7) "3"
8) "2"
9) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange namelist 0 -1
1) "9"
2) "8"
3) "7"
4) "6"
5) "5"
6) "4"
7) "3"
8) "2"
9) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush namelist daliang menqing
(integer) 11
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange namelist 0 -1
1) "menqing"
2) "daliang"
3) "9"
4) "8"
5) "7"
6) "6"
7) "5"
8) "4"
9) "3"
10) "2"
11) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush jinlian xiaoping
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush namelist jinlian xiaoping
(integer) 13
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange namelist 0 -1
1) "menqing"
2) "daliang"
3) "9"
4) "8"
5) "7"
6) "6"
7) "5"
8) "4"
9) "3"
10) "2"
11) "1"
12) "jinlian"
13) "xiaoping"
127.0.0.1:6379> lpop namelist
"menqing"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange namelist 0 -1
1) "daliang"
2) "9"
3) "8"
4) "7"
5) "6"
6) "5"
7) "4"
8) "3"
9) "2"
10) "1"
11) "jinlian"
12) "xiaoping"
127.0.0.1:6379> rpop namelist
"xiaoping"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange namelist 0 -1
1) "daliang"
2) "9"
3) "8"
4) "7"
5) "6"
6) "5"
7) "4"
8) "3"
9) "2"
10) "1"
11) "jinlian"
127.0.0.1:6379> blpop namelist 2
1) "namelist"
2) "daliang"
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush numlist 1 2 3 4 5
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange numlist 0 -1
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
4) "4"
5) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> blpop namelist 2 numlist 1
1) "namelist"
2) "9"
127.0.0.1:6379> blpop namelist numlist
(error) ERR timeout is not an integer or out of range
127.0.0.1:6379> blpop namelist numlist 2
1) "namelist"
2) "8"
127.0.0.1:6379> blpop namelist numlist 4
1) "namelist"
2) "7"
127.0.0.1:6379> blpop namelist 1
1) "namelist"
2) "6"
127.0.0.1:6379> blpop namelist 2
1) "namelist"
2) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> blpop namelist
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'blpop' command
127.0.0.1:6379> blpop namelist 2
1) "namelist"
2) "4"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange namelist 0 -1
1) "3"
2) "2"
3) "1"
4) "jinlian"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange numlist 0 -1
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
4) "4"
5) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> brpop numlist 1
1) "numlist"
2) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> brpop numlist namelist
(error) ERR timeout is not an integer or out of range
127.0.0.1:6379> brpop numlist namelist 1
1) "numlist"
2) "4"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange numlist 0 -1
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange namelist 0 -1
1) "3"
2) "2"
3) "1"
4) "jinlian"
List应用场景
常用数据结构
Stack(栈) = LPUSH + LPOP
Queue(队列)= LPUSH + RPOP
Blocking MQ(阻塞队列)= LPUSH + BRPOP
微博和微信公号消息流
edsion关注了MacTalk,备胎说车等大V
1)MacTalk发微博,消息ID为10018
LPUSH msg:{edsion-ID} 10018
2)备胎说车发微博,消息ID为10086
LPUSH msg:{edsion-ID} 10086
3)查看最新微博消息
LRANGE msg:{edsion-ID} 0 4
Set结构
Set常用操作
SADD key member [member ...] //往集合key中存入元素,元素存在则忽略,
若key不存在则新建
SREM key member [member ...] //从集合key中删除元素
SMEMBERS key //获取集合key中所有元素
SCARD key //获取集合key的元素个数
SISMEMBER key member //判断member元素是否存在于集合key中
SRANDMEMBER key [count] //从集合key中选出count个元素,元素不从key中删除
SPOP key [count] //从集合key中选出count个元素,元素从key中删除
Set运算操作
destination是新set的名字,也可以叫aomao、agou
SINTER key [key ...] //交集运算
SINTERSTORE destination key [key ..] //将交集结果存入新集合destination中
SUNION key [key ..] //并集运算
SUNIONSTORE destination key [key ...] //将并集结果存入新集合destination中
SDIFF key [key ...] //差集运算
SDIFFSTORE destination key [key ...] //将差集结果存入新集合destination中
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd testset 1 2 3 4 5
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers testset
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
4) "4"
5) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> scard testset
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> srem testset 6
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> srem testset 5
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers testset
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
4) "4"
127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember testset 3
1) "2"
2) "4"
3) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers testset
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
4) "4"
127.0.0.1:6379> spop testset 2
1) "4"
2) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers testset
1) "2"
2) "3"
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set1 1 2 3 4 5
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set2 4 5 6 7 8
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set3 7 8 9 0 a
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter set1
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
4) "4"
5) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter set1 set2
1) "4"
2) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter set1 set2 set 3
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> sinterstore destination set1 set2
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter destination
1) "4"
2) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> sinterstore destination set2 set3
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter destination
1) "7"
2) "8"
127.0.0.1:6379> sinterstore destination set1 set3
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter destination
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> sinterstore destination set1 set2 jiaoji
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter jiaoji
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter jiaoji2
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> sunion set1 set2
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
4) "4"
5) "5"
6) "6"
7) "7"
8) "8"
127.0.0.1:6379> sunionstore set1 set2
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter destination
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter set1
1) "4"
2) "5"
3) "6"
4) "7"
5) "8"
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter set2
1) "4"
2) "5"
3) "6"
4) "7"
5) "8"
127.0.0.1:6379> sunionstore destination set1 set2
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter destination
1) "4"
2) "5"
3) "6"
4) "7"
5) "8"
127.0.0.1:6379> sunionstore set1 set3
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter set1
1) "a"
2) "9"
3) "8"
4) "7"
5) "0"
127.0.0.1:6379> spop set1 5
1) "a"
2) "8"
3) "9"
4) "7"
5) "0"
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter set1
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set1 1 2 3 4 5
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter set1
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
4) "4"
5) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff set1 set2
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
127.0.0.1:6379> sdiffstore destination set1 set2
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter destination
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
Set应用场景
微信抽奖小程序
1)点击参与抽奖加入集合
SADD key {userlD}
2)查看参与抽奖所有用户
SMEMBERS key
3)抽取count名中奖者
SRANDMEMBER key [count] / SPOP key [count]
微信微博点赞,收藏,标签
1) 点赞
SADD like:{消息ID} {用户ID}
2) 取消点赞
SREM like:{消息ID} {用户ID}
3) 检查用户是否点过赞
SISMEMBER like:{消息ID} {用户ID}
4) 获取点赞的用户列表
SMEMBERS like:{消息ID}
5) 获取点赞用户数
SCARD like:{消息ID}
集合操作
SINTER set1 set2 set3 { c }
SUNION set1 set2 set3 { a,b,c,d,e }
SDIFF set1 set2 set3 { a }
集合操作实现微博微信关注模型
1) edsion关注的人:
edsionSet-> {timedashi,wuyanzu}
2) 谢霆锋关注的人:
xieSet--> {edsion, jinchengwu, timedashi, lvxiaobu}
3) 时间管理大师关注的人:
timedashiSet-> {edsion,xie,jinchengwu, xushu, lvxiaobu)
4) edsion和谢霆锋共同关注:
SINTER edsionSet xieSet--> {timedashi,lvxiaobu}
5) 我关注的人也关注他(谢霆锋):
SISMEMBER timedashiSet xie
SISMEMBER lvxiaobuSet xie
6) 我可能认识的人:
SDIFF xieSet edsionSet->(edsion, jinchengwu}
Set应用场景
集合操作实现电商商品筛选
SADD brand:huawei P40
SADD brand:xiaomi mi-10
SADD brand:iPhone iphone12
SADD os:android P40 mi-10
SADD cpu:brand:intel P40 mi-10
SADD ram:8G P40 mi-10 iphone12
SINTER os:android cpu:brand:intel ram:8G {P40,mi-10}
ZSet有序集合结构结构
ZSet常用操作
ZADD key score member [[score member]…] //往有序集合key中加入带分值元素
ZREM key member [member …] //从有序集合key中删除元素
ZSCORE key member //返回有序集合key中元素member的分值
ZINCRBY key increment member //为有序集合key中元素member的分值加上increment
ZCARD key //返回有序集合key中元素个数
ZRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES] //正序获取有序集合key从start下标到stop下标的元素
ZREVRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES] //倒序获取有序集合key从start下标到stop下标的元素
Zset集合操作
ZUNIONSTORE destkey numkeys key [key ...] //并集计算,会把相同member的score加一起
ZINTERSTORE destkey numkeys key [key …] //交集计算,会把相同member的score加一起
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zset1 1 2 3 4 5
(error) ERR syntax error
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zset1 score 1 2 3 4 5
(error) ERR value is not a valid float
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zset1 score 1 2 3 4 5
(error) ERR value is not a valid float
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zset1 s 1 s 2
(error) ERR value is not a valid float
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zset1 s 1 s2 2
(error) ERR value is not a valid float
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd keyazet score member
(error) ERR value is not a valid float
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd k1 60 v1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd k1 60 60
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zetset1 1 a 2 b 3 c
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zscore zetset1 a
"1"
127.0.0.1:6379> zscore zetset1 a b c
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'zscore' command
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby zetset1 increment 2
(error) ERR value is not a valid float
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby zetset1 increment a
(error) ERR value is not a valid float
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby zetset1 5 a
"6"
127.0.0.1:6379> zscore zetset1 a
"6"
127.0.0.1:6379> zcard zetset1
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange zetset 0 -1
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange zetset1 0 -1
1) "b"
2) "c"
3) "a"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange zetset1 0 -1
1) "a"
2) "c"
3) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> zscore zetset1
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'zscore' command
127.0.0.1:6379> zrem zetset1 a
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zscore zetset1
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'zscore' command
127.0.0.1:6379> zscore zetset1
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'zscore' command
127.0.0.1:6379> zscore zetset1
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'zscore' command
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange zetset1 0 -1
1) "c"
2) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zset1 1 a 2 b 3 c
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zset2 3 c 3 d 4 e 5 f 5 g
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> zunionstore destkey numkeys zset1 zset2
(error) ERR value is not an integer or out of range
127.0.0.1:6379> ZUNIONSTORE destkey numkeys zset1 zset2
(error) ERR value is not an integer or out of range
127.0.0.1:6379> ZUNIONSTORE a 3 zset1 zset2
(error) ERR syntax error
127.0.0.1:6379> ZUNIONSTORE destkey 2 zset1 zset2
(integer) 7
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange destkey 0 -1
1) "a"
2) "b"
3) "d"
4) "e"
5) "f"
6) "g"
7) "c"
127.0.0.1:6379> zscore destkey c
"6"
127.0.0.1:6379> zinterstore destkey2 2 zset1 zset2
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zscore destkey2 c
"6"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange destkey2 0 -1
1) "c"
127.0.0.1:6379>
ZSet有序集合结构应用场景
Zset集合操作实现排行榜
1)点击新闻
ZINCRBY hotNews:20190819 1 守护香港
2)展示当日排行前十
ZREVRANGE hotNews:20190819 0 9 WITHSCORES
3)七日搜索榜单计算
ZUNIONSTORE hotNews:20190813-20190819 7
hotNews:20190813 hotNews:20190814... hotNews:20190819
4)展示七日排行前十
ZREVRANGE hotNews:20190813-20190819 0 9 WITHSCORES