一,环境搭载
WIN10,idea, java 8 , maven 3.5 , tomcat 7,
环境搭载并测试成功!
二,创建maven项目,SpringMVCDemo
创建如下目录:
三,每个文件的代码;
pom.xml文件配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.lianjia.SpringMVCDemo</groupId> <artifactId>SpringMVCDemo</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>SpringMVCDemo Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> <!--Spring版本号--> <spring.version>3.2.9.RELEASE</spring.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!--单元测试依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!--spring单元测试依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!--springMVC核心包--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--spring核心包--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--AOP begin--> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId> <version>1.8.13</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId> <version>1.8.13</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>cglib</groupId> <artifactId>cglib</artifactId> <version>3.2.5</version> </dependency> <!--AOP end--> <!--json依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId> <version>1.5.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId> <version>1.5.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>SpringMVCDemo</finalName> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.0</version> </plugin> <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.7.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.20.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>
web.xml文件内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <display-name>springmvcdemo</display-name> <servlet> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
applicationContext.xml文件内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <!--扫描所有的 spring包下的文件;--> <!--当然需要在spring配置文件里面配置一下自动扫描范围 <context:component-scan base-package="*"/> *代表你想要扫描的那些包的目录所在位置。Spring 在容器初始化时将自动扫描 base-package 指定的包及其子包下的所有的.class文件, 所有标注了 @Repository 的类都将被注册为 Spring Bean。--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.lianjia.SpringMVCDemo" /> <!--新增加的两个配置,这个是解决406问题的关键--><!-- mvc注解驱动(可代替注解适配器与注解映射器的配置),默认加载很多参数绑定方法(实际开发时使用) --> <context:annotation-config /> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!--end--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" /> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" /> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> <!--自己后加的,该BeanPostProcessor将自动对标注@Autowired的bean进行注入--> <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"></bean> <bean id="restTemplate" class="org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate"> <property name="messageConverters"> <list> <!--<ref bean="stringHttpMessageConverter"/>--> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter"/> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.ResourceHttpMessageConverter"/> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.xml.SourceHttpMessageConverter"/> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter"/> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter"/> </list> </property> </bean> </beans>
<!-- mvc注解驱动(可代替注解适配器与注解映射器的配置),默认加载很多参数绑定方法(实际开发时使用) -->
Model层
sutdent.java代码内容:
package com.lianjia.SpringMVCDemo.SpringMVC_Model; import java.io.Serializable; /** * @Aauthor: * @Date:2018/5/14 17:47 * @Description:mvc中的m-model,描述数据结构模型; */ public class Student implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private Integer id; private String name; /*设置Student类的成员变量,并且设置get和set方法;*/ public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } /*这里一定要重写toString方法,返回数据;*/ public String toString(){ return "Student [id = " + id + ", name = " + name + "]"; } }
Dao层
StudentDao.java文件内容;
package com.lianjia.SpringMVCDemo.SpringMVC_Dao; import com.lianjia.SpringMVCDemo.SpringMVC_Model.Student; import java.util.List; /** * @Aauthor: * @Date:2018/5/14 16:07 * @Description:用户dao接口; */ public interface StudentDao { /*提供一个存放Student类的方法接口,用list模拟数据库存放;*/ public List<Student> getAllStudents(); }
StudentDaoImpl.java文件内容:
package com.lianjia.SpringMVCDemo.SpringMVC_Dao;
import com.lianjia.SpringMVCDemo.SpringMVC_Model.Student;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @Aauthor:
* @Date:2018/5/14 16:07
* @Description:实现StudentDao接口;
*/
/*Repository注解就是将数据访问层(DAO层)的类标识为Spring bean,只需将该注解标注在DAO类上即可;*/
@Repository
public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao{
/*用List模拟数据库存储数据类;*/
@Override
public List<Student> getAllStudents(){
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<Student>();
Student stu1 = new Student();
stu1.setId(1);
stu1.setName("zhang san");
students.add(stu1);
Student stu2 = new Student();
stu2.setId(1);
stu2.setName("li si");
students.add(stu2);
return students;
}
}
Service层
StudentService.java文件内容:
package com.lianjia.SpringMVCDemo.SpringMVC_Service; import com.lianjia.SpringMVCDemo.SpringMVC_Model.Student; import java.util.List; /** * @Aauthor: * @Date:2018/5/14 16:10 * @Description: 提供StudentService接口; */ public interface StudentService { public List<Student> getAllStudents(); }
StudentServiceImpl.java文件内容:
package com.lianjia.SpringMVCDemo.SpringMVC_Service; import com.lianjia.SpringMVCDemo.SpringMVC_Dao.StudentDao; import com.lianjia.SpringMVCDemo.SpringMVC_Model.Student; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.List; /** * @Aauthor: * @Date:2018/5/14 16:10 * @Description:实现了StudentService接口; */ /*Service注解,创建了StudentService的bean; 这样在StudentController中使用StudentService的时候,就可以直接把StudentService注入到Controller层; 进行调用的时候,会声明一个service对象,并且在其上面用@Resource进行注解; * */ @Service public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService { @Autowired //自动装载; StudentDao dao; @Override public List<Student> getAllStudents() { return dao.getAllStudents(); } }
Controller层:
StudentController.java
package com.lianjia.SpringMVCDemo.SpringMVC_Controller; import com.lianjia.SpringMVCDemo.SpringMVC_Model.Student; import com.lianjia.SpringMVCDemo.SpringMVC_Service.StudentService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import java.util.List; /** * @Aauthor: * @Date:2018/5/14 16:03 * @Description:控制层,action模块; */ /*Controller注解Action,在springMVC开发中直接注解Controller * Spring会自动创建一个StudentController类的对象*/ @Controller @RequestMapping("/studentModule") //http://localhost:8080/studentModule/getStudentInfo //访问的地址; /*RequestMapping是一个用来处理请求地址映射的注解,可用于类或方法上。 用于类上,表示类中的所有响应请求的方法都是以该地址作为父路径。 默认的是value的值*/ public class StudentController { @Autowired //自动注入,自动装配; StudentService managerService; @RequestMapping(value = "/getStudentInfo", method = RequestMethod.GET) /*public String getStudentInfo(Model model){ List<Student> allStudents = managerService.getAllStudents();//用List模拟数据库存储; model.addAttribute("students", allStudents); return "showStudentInfo";//这里是字符串的话,直接跳转到showStudentInfo.jsp页面了; }*/ /*@Responsebody 注解表示该方法的返回的结果直接写入 HTTP 响应正文(ResponseBody)中, 一般在异步获取数据时使用,通常是在使用 @RequestMapping 后,返回值通常解析为跳转路径, 加上 @Responsebody 后返回结果不会被解析为跳转路径,而是直接写入HTTP 响应正文中。 作用: 该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为 指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区。 使用时机: 返回的数据不是html标签的页面,而是其他某种格式的数据时(如json、xml等)使用;*/ @ResponseBody public List<Student> getStudentInfo(){ List<Student> allStudents = managerService.getAllStudents(); System.out.println("result返回的是:"+allStudents); return allStudents; } /*直接将获取到的数据返回;*/ }
四,配置tomcat7,之后启动项目。
jdk版本一定要对~
在弹出的浏览器地址栏中输入http://localhost:8080/studentModule/getStudentInfo回车访问;
即可出现如下界面;
注意:若StudentController.java中直接使用
showStudentInfo渲染页面的时候,
showStudentInfo.jsp文件内容是:
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%> <%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt"%> <html> <head> <title>Spring MVC Demo</title> </head> <body> <h2>All Students</h2> <table border="1"> <tr> <th>Student Id</th> <th>Student Name</th> </tr> <c:forEach items="${students}" var="student"> <tr> <td>${student.id}</td> <td>${student.name}</td> </tr> </c:forEach> </table> </body> </html>
注意这里需要下载两个jar包,放到tomcat的lib文件夹下:
jstl-1.2.jar
standard.jar
然后同样输入http://localhost:8080/studentModule/getStudentInfo回车访问;
即可出现如下界面:
则代码测试成功!!!
代码地址:https://github.com/Zhiyin-Melody/SpringMVCDemo