要显示汉字有点关键的东西不得不提
比如这段代码
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
printf("世界,你好!");
}
编译后是这样的
问题究竟出在哪里呢,其实这还真是最有难度的地方,因为很少有人说(我也是从网上看了很多资料才幡然醒悟的)
原来问题的关键竟在编码方式上,真是让人……,我们其实什么错也没有。改了编码后,重新输入中文,再编译一下试试。
当然我们的系统在写代码的时候也存在同样的问题,大家一定要把编码方式改成gb2312,否则是无法正确显示的。
还有一个关键的问题是,为什么显示汉字的程序是那样的(问的好,说明的你的平台也搭建成功了)
void makefont16 (int color, int x, int y, short *font) {
int *myfb = (int *)0xe0000000;
int xsize = 800;
short d;
int *p;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++){
p = myfb + (y + i) * xsize + x;
d = font[i];
if ((d & 0x80) != 0) {p[0] = color;}
if ((d & 0x40) != 0) {p[1] = color;}
if ((d & 0x20) != 0) {p[2] = color;}
if ((d & 0x10) != 0) {p[3] = color;}
if ((d & 0x08) != 0) {p[4] = color;}
if ((d & 0x04) != 0) {p[5] = color;}
if ((d & 0x02) != 0) {p[6] = color;}
if ((d & 0x01) != 0) {p[7] = color;}
if ((d & 0x8000) != 0) {p[8] = color;}
if ((d & 0x4000) != 0) {p[9] = color;}
if ((d & 0x2000) != 0) {p[10] = color;}
if ((d & 0x1000) != 0) {p[11] = color;}
if ((d & 0x800) != 0) {p[12] = color;}
if ((d & 0x400) != 0) {p[13] = color;}
if ((d & 0x200) != 0) {p[14] = color;}
if ((d & 0x100) != 0) {p[15] = color;}
}
return;
}
这当然没有什么好的方法,其实开始是很艰难的,在仿照30天自制操作系统时,我花了很长时间,用那个编码一点一点慢慢实验出来的(先是在屏幕上画横,然后是竖,然后试着画字库中的我,等等。这也算是真刀真枪、吭吭哧哧编程的开始吧,所以会有很多抄袭的痕迹,当然还是那句话,我对自己要求不高,毕竟有句话叫“天下文章一大抄”吗,菜鸟要想搞这个,开始是少不了抄袭的,这应该算是知识积累吧)
系统的效果图运行效果图
从https://www.cnblogs.com/wunaozai/p/3858473.html这里下载 《工具集》真的要感谢这篇文章,再次感谢了
大约在这个网页的中下部 HZK编码链接
打开压缩包,把HZK16拷贝到自己工作目录
从30天自制操作系统的工具目录中复制bin2obj.exe到自己的工作目录
在工作目录运行bin2obj.exe
则字库文件生成完成
当然可以自己创建文件生成自己的字库
global _font0
_font0:
; 我
db 0x04,0x40,0x0E,0x50,0x78,0x48,0x08,0x48,0x08,0x40,0xFF,0xFE,0x08,0x40,0x08,0x44
db 0x0A,0x44,0x0C,0x48,0x18,0x30,0x68,0x22,0x08,0x52,0x08,0x8A,0x2B,0x06,0x10,0x02
; 爱
db 0x00,0x08,0x01,0xFC,0x7E,0x10,0x22,0x10,0x11,0x20,0x7F,0xFE,0x42,0x02,0x82,0x04
db 0x7F,0xF8,0x04,0x00,0x07,0xF0,0x0A,0x10,0x11,0x20,0x20,0xC0,0x43,0x30,0x1C,0x0E
; 你
db 0x08,0x80,0x08,0x80,0x08,0x80,0x11,0xFE,0x11,0x02,0x32,0x04,0x34,0x20,0x50,0x20
db 0x91,0x28,0x11,0x24,0x12,0x24,0x12,0x22,0x14,0x22,0x10,0x20,0x10,0xA0,0x10,0x40
手动编译方法是 nasm -felf -o font0.o font0.s 不能使用nasm -fbin -o font0.bin font0.s
以下是我内核的代码和编译方法(环境的搭建就省去了,有兴趣的请看系列文章的环境搭建0.01或视频)
kernel.c
typedef char * va_list;
#ifdef __cplusplus
#define _ADDRESSOF(v) ( &reinterpret_cast<const char &>(v) )
#else
#define _ADDRESSOF(v) ( &(v) )
#endif
#define _INTSIZEOF(n) ( (sizeof(n) + sizeof(int) - 1) & ~(sizeof(int) - 1) )
#define _crt_va_start(ap,v) ( ap = (va_list)_ADDRESSOF(v) + _INTSIZEOF(v) )
#define _crt_va_arg(ap,t) ( *(t *)((ap += _INTSIZEOF(t)) - _INTSIZEOF(t)) )
#define _crt_va_end(ap) ( ap = (va_list)0 )
#define Test_va_start _crt_va_start
#define Test_va_arg _crt_va_arg
#define Test_va_end _crt_va_end
#define ZEROPAD 1
#define SIGN 2
#define PLUS 4
#define SPACE 8
#define LEFT 16
#define SPECIAL 32
#define LARGE 64
int _div(long* n,unsigned base);
static inline int isdigit(int ch);
static int skip_atoi(const char **s);
static char *Test_number(char *str, long num, int base, int size, int precision, int type);
int Test_vsprintf(char *buf, const char *fmt, va_list args);
int strnlen(const char * s, int precision);
int sprintf(char *buf, const char *fmt, ...);
void fillbox(int color, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1);
void myfillbox(int color, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1);
void makefont16 (int color, int x, int y, short *font);
void print_gb2312(int color, int x, int y, unsigned char *str);
void delay(int count);
void *memcpy(void *dest, void *source, int count);
char string[] = "系统宕机!";
int kernel_main (unsigned int eax, unsigned int ebx) {
fillbox(0x001e90ff, 0, 0, 799, 599);
char buf[0x100], buf0[0x100];
sprintf(buf, "eax = 0x%x ebx = 0x%x buf 的地址是 0x%x", eax, ebx, buf);
print_gb2312(0xfffffff, 0, 0, buf);
int i, j;
for(i = 0; i < 400; i += 16) {
fillbox(0xdddddddd, 16 + i, 16, 32 + i, 32);
delay(0xffffff);
}
for(i = 0; i < 200; i += 16) {
fillbox(0x88888888, 16 + i, 32, 32 + i, 48);
delay(0xffffff);
}
for(j = 0; j < 208; j += 16) {
for(i = 0; i < 150; i += 16) {
fillbox(0xeeeeaaaa, 16 + i, 64 + j, 32 + i, 80 + j);
delay(0xffffff);
}
}
print_gb2312(0x00000000, 0, 568, (char *) memcpy(buf0, buf, 0x100));
extern short font0[0x8000];
makefont16(0x33ff7f00, 384, 224, font0);
makefont16(0x33ff7f00, 400, 224, font0 + 16);
makefont16(0x33ff7f00, 416, 224, font0 + 32);
for(i = 0; i < 100; i += 16) {
fillbox(0x22222222, 16 + i, 288, 32 + i, 304);
delay(0xffffff);
}
return -1;
}
void fillbox(int color, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1) {
int *myfb = (int *)0xe0000000;
int xsize = 800;
int x, y;
for (y = 0; y <= y1 - y0; y++) {
for (x = 0; x <= x1 - x0; x++) {
myfb[x0 + x + (y0 + y) * xsize] = color;
}
}
return;
}
void print_ascii (int color, int x, int y, char *font) {
int *myfb = (int *)0xe0000000;
int xsize = 800;
char d;
int *p;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++){
p = myfb + (y + i) * xsize + x;
d = font[i];
if ((d & 0x80) != 0) {p[0] = color;}
if ((d & 0x40) != 0) {p[1] = color;}
if ((d & 0x20) != 0) {p[2] = color;}
if ((d & 0x10) != 0) {p[3] = color;}
if ((d & 0x08) != 0) {p[4] = color;}
if ((d & 0x04) != 0) {p[5] = color;}
if ((d & 0x02) != 0) {p[6] = color;}
if ((d & 0x01) != 0) {p[7] = color;}
}
return;
}
void makefont16 (int color, int x, int y, short *font) {
int *myfb = (int *)0xe0000000;
int xsize = 800;
short d;
int *p;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++){
p = myfb + (y + i) * xsize + x;
d = font[i];
if ((d & 0x80) != 0) {p[0] = color;}
if ((d & 0x40) != 0) {p[1] = color;}
if ((d & 0x20) != 0) {p[2] = color;}
if ((d & 0x10) != 0) {p[3] = color;}
if ((d & 0x08) != 0) {p[4] = color;}
if ((d & 0x04) != 0) {p[5] = color;}
if ((d & 0x02) != 0) {p[6] = color;}
if ((d & 0x01) != 0) {p[7] = color;}
if ((d & 0x8000) != 0) {p[8] = color;}
if ((d & 0x4000) != 0) {p[9] = color;}
if ((d & 0x2000) != 0) {p[10] = color;}
if ((d & 0x1000) != 0) {p[11] = color;}
if ((d & 0x800) != 0) {p[12] = color;}
if ((d & 0x400) != 0) {p[13] = color;}
if ((d & 0x200) != 0) {p[14] = color;}
if ((d & 0x100) != 0) {p[15] = color;}
}
return;
}
void print_gb2312(int color, int x, int y, unsigned char *str) {
extern short font[0x8000];
extern char myfont[0x1000];
int i = 0, j = 0;
unsigned char a, b;
unsigned int offset;
while (str[i] != 0) {
if (str[i] < 0x80) {
a = str[i];
print_ascii (color, x + j, y, myfont + a * 16);
if (str[i + 1] == 0)
break;
i++;
j += 8;
} else {
a = str[i] - 0xa0;
b = str[i + 1] - 0xa0;
offset = ((a - 1) * 94 + (b - 1)) * 16;
makefont16 (color, x + j , y, font + offset);
i += 2;
j += 16;
}
}
return;
}
int sprintf(char *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list args;
int val = 1;
Test_va_start(args, fmt);
Test_vsprintf(buf, fmt, args);
Test_va_end(args);
return val;
}
int _div(long* n,unsigned base)
{
int __res;
__res = ((unsigned long) *n) % (unsigned) base;
*n = ((unsigned long) *n) / (unsigned) base;
return __res;
}
#define do_div(n,base) _div(&n,base)
static inline int isdigit(int ch)
{
return (ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9');
}
static int skip_atoi(const char **s)
{
int i = 0;
while (isdigit(**s))
i = i * 10 + *((*s)++) - '0';
return i;
}
static char *Test_number(char *str, long num, int base, int size, int precision, int type)
{
char c, sign, tmp[66];
const char *digits = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
int i;
if (type & LARGE)
digits = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
if (type & LEFT)
type &= ~ZEROPAD;
if (base < 2 || base > 36)
return 0;
c = (type & ZEROPAD) ? '0' : ' ';
sign = 0;
if (type & SIGN) {
if (num < 0) {
sign = '-';
num = -num;
size--;
} else if (type & PLUS) {
sign = '+';
size--;
} else if (type & SPACE) {
sign = ' ';
size--;
}
}
if (type & SPECIAL) {
if (base == 16)
size -= 2;
else if (base == 8)
size--;
}
i = 0;
if (num == 0)
{
tmp[i++] = '0';
}
else
{
while (num != 0)
{
tmp[i++] = digits[do_div(num, base)];
}
}
if (i > precision)
precision = i;
size -= precision;
if (!(type & (ZEROPAD + LEFT)))
while (size-- > 0)
*str++ = ' ';
if (sign)
*str++ = sign;
if (type & SPECIAL) {
if (base == 8)
*str++ = '0';
else if (base == 16) {
*str++ = '0';
*str++ = digits[33];
}
}
if (!(type & LEFT))
while (size-- > 0)
*str++ = c;
while (i < precision--)
*str++ = '0';
while (i-- > 0)
*str++ = tmp[i];
while (size-- > 0)
*str++ = ' ';
return str;
}
int Test_vsprintf(char *buf, const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
int len;
unsigned long num;
int i, base;
char *str;
const char *s;
int flags;
int field_width;
int precision;
int qualifier;
for (str = buf; *fmt; ++fmt) {
if (*fmt != '%') {
*str++ = *fmt;
continue;
}
flags = 0;
repeat:
++fmt;
switch (*fmt) {
case '-':
flags |= LEFT;
goto repeat;
case '+':
flags |= PLUS;
goto repeat;
case ' ':
flags |= SPACE;
goto repeat;
case '#':
flags |= SPECIAL;
goto repeat;
case '0':
flags |= ZEROPAD;
goto repeat;
}
field_width = -1;
if (isdigit(*fmt))
field_width = skip_atoi(&fmt);
else if (*fmt == '*') {
++fmt;
field_width = Test_va_arg(args, int);
if (field_width < 0) {
field_width = -field_width;
flags |= LEFT;
}
}
precision = -1;
if (*fmt == '.') {
++fmt;
if (isdigit(*fmt))
precision = skip_atoi(&fmt);
else if (*fmt == '*') {
++fmt;
precision = Test_va_arg(args, int);
}
if (precision < 0)
precision = 0;
}
qualifier = -1;
if (*fmt == 'h' || *fmt == 'l' || *fmt == 'L') {
qualifier = *fmt;
++fmt;
}
base = 10;
switch (*fmt) {
case 'c':
if (!(flags & LEFT))
while (--field_width > 0)
*str++ = ' ';
*str++ = (unsigned char)Test_va_arg(args, int);
while (--field_width > 0)
*str++ = ' ';
continue;
case 's':
s = Test_va_arg(args, char *);
len = strnlen(s, precision);
if (!(flags & LEFT))
while (len < field_width--)
*str++ = ' ';
for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
*str++ = *s++;
while (len < field_width--)
*str++ = ' ';
continue;
case 'p':
if (field_width == -1) {
field_width = 2 * sizeof(void *);
flags |= ZEROPAD;
}
str = Test_number(str,
(unsigned long)Test_va_arg(args, void *), 16,
field_width, precision, flags);
continue;
case 'n':
if (qualifier == 'l') {
long *ip = Test_va_arg(args, long *);
*ip = (str - buf);
} else {
int *ip = Test_va_arg(args, int *);
*ip = (str - buf);
}
continue;
case '%':
*str++ = '%';
continue;
case 'o':
base = 8;
break;
case 'X':
flags |= LARGE;
case 'x':
base = 16;
break;
case 'd':
case 'i':
flags |= SIGN;
case 'u':
break;
default:
*str++ = '%';
if (*fmt)
*str++ = *fmt;
else
--fmt;
continue;
}
if (qualifier == 'l')
num = Test_va_arg(args, unsigned long);
else if (qualifier == 'h') {
num = (unsigned short)Test_va_arg(args, int);
if (flags & SIGN)
num = (short)num;
} else if (flags & SIGN)
num = Test_va_arg(args, int);
else
num = Test_va_arg(args, unsigned int);
str = Test_number(str, num, base, field_width, precision, flags);
}
*str = '\0';
return str - buf;
}
int strnlen(const char * s, int precision) {
int len = 0;
while (*s++ != 0) {
len++;
}
return len;
}
void *memcpy(void *dest, void *source, int count) {
int i;
for(i = 0; i < count; i++) {
*((char *)dest++) = *((char *)source++);
}
return dest;
}
boot.s
bits 32
section .text
global _start
extern _kernel_main, _print_gb2312, _string
_start:
jmp mystart
align 8
header_start:
dd 0xe85250d6
dd 0x0
dd header_end - header_start
dd - (0xe85250d6 + 0x0 + (header_end - header_start))
add_tag_start:
dw 0x2
dw 0x0
dd add_tag_end - add_tag_start
dd header_start
dd _start
dd 0x0
dd 0x0
add_tag_end:
entry_add_tag_start:
dw 0x3
dw 0x1
dd entry_add_tag_end - entry_add_tag_start
dd mystart
entry_add_tag_end:
align 8
framebuffer_tag_start:
dw 0x5
dw 0x1
dd framebuffer_tag_end - framebuffer_tag_start
dd 800
dd 600
dd 32
framebuffer_tag_end:
align 8
dw 0x0
dw 0x0
dd 0x8
header_end:
align 8
mystart:
mov esp, stack_start
push 0
popf
push ebx
push eax
call _kernel_main
add esp, 4 * 2
here:
push _string
push dword [y]
push dword [x]
push dword [color]
call _print_gb2312
add esp, 4 * 4
hlt
jmp here
y: dd 584
x: dd 0
color:
dd 0x00ff0000
times 0x1000 db 0
align 0x1000
stack_start:
global _delay
_delay: ;void(int count);
push ecx
mov ecx, [esp + 4 * 2]
next:
loop next
pop ecx
ret
Makefile
CC=gcc
LD=ld
OBJ = boot.o kernel.o myfont.o myfont1.o font0.o
all: kernel
.s.o:
nasm -felf -o $@ $<
.c.o:
$(CC) -o $@ -c $<
kernel: $(OBJ)
$(LD) -Ttext 0x100000 -o $@ $^
default:
make all
objcopy -I pe-i386 -O elf32-i386 kernel
mount.cmd
run:
make default
start virtualbox --startvm "C:\Users\Administrator\VirtualBox VMs\myos\myos.vbox"
clean:
del boot.o
del kernel.o
del kernel